Rübenau (Marienberg)

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Rübenau
Large district town of Marienberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 35 ′ 55 ″  N , 13 ° 18 ′ 13 ″  E
Height : 675  (610-780)  m
Residents : 975  (Jan. 1, 2015)
Incorporation : January 1, 1994
Incorporated into: Hirtstein
Postal code : 09496
Area code : 037366
Rübenau (Saxony)
Rübenau

Location of Rübenau in Saxony
Rübenau coat of arms

Rübenau is a district of the Saxon town of Marienberg in the Erzgebirge district .

geography

location

Rübenau is a widespread village on the southern border between Saxony and the Czech Republic. Surrounded by forests all around, it lies at an altitude of 610 m to 780 m above sea level on the Ore Mountains ridge. The 774 hectare scattered settlement consists of the formerly independent villages Rübenau , Nieder- and Obernatzschung and Einsiedel-Sensenhammer and therein the groups of houses Einsiedler Straße, Flügel, Gasse, Grund, Hammerweg, Heidehäuser, Hradschin, Hirschberg, Krähwinkel, Kriegwald, Lochmühle, Maiberg, Neunhäuser, Strohhübel, Wasserhäuser and Ziegengasse .

Extensive forest areas, on the German side the "War Forest" and on the Czech side the "Rothenhauser Waldungen", seal off the place on the German side from its neighboring towns. About 2.5 kilometers northeast of the 842  m above sea level. NN high Steinhübel . To the south and east of the locality runs the Natzschung , which forms the border with the Czech Republic here.

State road 216 Reitzenhain - Olbernhau runs through the village . Approximately in the center of the village, the state road 217 branches off after jump, which ends at the federal road 171 . The border bridge to Kalek (Kallich) has been open to car traffic since the beginning of 2008 . The passage to Načetín is open to pedestrians and cyclists.

Neighboring places

Pobershau Jump Rothenthal
Kühnhaide Neighboring communities
Natural Kallich

history

The "Holy Spirit Church" with an attached cemetery
The church seen from the west

From the middle of the 16th century - reinforced by the timber regulations of the Elector August of Saxony from 1560 - the tree clearing also reached the ridges of the Ore Mountains. In the context Rübenau even Riebenau written, mentioned three times, but initially only as of the same name, then fish-rich stream (ryba: Slavic "fish"): For the first time "Rübenau" appears in the deed of 1559, when Elector Augustus the family Berbisdorf a Bought most of their estates, villages, meadows and forests for the sum of 107,784 guilders far below their value. In 1560, Rübenau is referred to as a brook twice in the wood order. The third mention happened on May 9, 1571 in a letter from the chief miner Markus Röhling and the locksmith Hans Heintze from the Lauterstein office to Elector August. It's about a raft pond on the Rübenau for rafting wood . As a result, several raft ponds were created, which brought the rafting and charcoal burning to Rübenau.

Apart from the poor huts that lumberjacks and charcoal burners had built for themselves, the actual settlement of the future village of Rübenau began in 1580 with the miller and baker Georg Müller, who reclaimed deforested forest soil in the middle of the "uffm Walde" near the Rübenau brook built a small mill and an oven. According to the records of the Lauterstein Office Hereditary Book, the establishment of the village is documented for 1580. From 1590 he was followed by Jonas Oehmichen, who already ran a small estate. The place name "Ruebenaw" is handed down in 1595. In 1689 Johann Georg Oehmichen got the permission to build a weapon , Schaar and Zainhammer . The building became a sawmill towards the end of 1900 and has been a listed building as an original structure since the 1980s.

The village of Einsiedel had already emerged between the Natzschung and Görkauer Strasse . It is 100 years older than Rübenau and its two parts of the village, Ober- and Niedernatzschung . As early as 1497 it was first mentioned as Einsidell auff Gorcker Straße . In 1556 the Freiberg citizens Christoph Gneuss and Hans Steinhard received the approval to build a knitting or scythe hammer and a house for the workers on the Natzschung . Christoph Gneuss gradually brought into his possession areas that later belong to the oldest corridors of Einsiedel-Sensenhammer or partly Rübenau. In the first 150 years the forging was in the foreground, but in the course of time the hammer specialized in the art of weapons , pipe, zain , equipment and nail forging . In 1761 the nickname scythe hammer is used for Einsiedel for the first time . In 1875 Einsiedel-Sensenhammer and Rübenau with Ober- and Niedernatzschung merged to form a single community. Rübenau was known as the "village of the blacksmiths" and the charcoal burning and rafting were their background.

Administrative affiliation

1595 to 1856 Lauterstein office, 1856 Zöblitz court office , 1875 Marienberg administrative authority , 1952 Marienberg district , 1994 coming to the rural community of Hirtstein in the Middle Ore Mountains , since January 1, 2003 a district of the city of Marienberg ; since 2008 all of its districts have belonged to the Erzgebirgskreis .

church

Rübenau, Einsiedel and the neighboring Bohemian town of Kallich (Czech: Kalek) were part of the parish of Zöblitz until 1607 . The church book entries there begin in 1577. In 1607 the first small " Holy Spirit Church " was inaugurated in Rübenau . The second Heilig-Geist-Kirche Rübenau, a baroque church with a large roof turret , was consecrated in 1714. It remained a branch church of the Parish Kühnhaide for around 140 years, but since 1853 Rübenau including Nieder- and Obernatzschung as well as Einsiedel-Sensenhammer has been an independent parish in which the Evangelical Lutheran members are far in the majority. In 1887 the church received a new organ, built by Carl Eduard Schubert, to replace its damaged predecessor .

schools

As early as 1608, Rübenau received the parish and former school house for its first church. The first pastor, Theophilus Schumann, was also responsible for school lessons. From 1611 the schoolmaster Hans Beyer was active, after him Michael Zöppel, then numerous others. According to the Saxon Elementary Schools Act of 1835, every child from the age of 6 had to go to school in summer and winter, but for a long time that remained impossible for the desperately poor village. At times there was only one teacher for 450 school children. When the School Act of 1872 came into force, the state and no longer the church were responsible for the school system. Compulsory schooling and free primary school attendance became compulsory, but the conditions for this in Rübenau remained difficult for a long time. Four schools gradually emerged: in 1866 in the Obernatzschung district, in 1875 in Einsiedel-Sensenhammer, in 1903 the then exemplary secondary school Am Maiberg 4 with two classrooms, a teaching material and a conference room, two teacher's and a homemaker's apartment and in 1927 the mountain school. The secondary school was demolished in 2018 (see below).

Since the 1990s, all Rübenau children have had to attend school in the neighboring town of Kühnhaide.

Public life, community facilities, medical care

Before 1990, Rübenau had a municipal office, church, savings bank, post office, doctor, dentist, pharmacy (run by a doctor) and a cinema. After the annexation to the Federal Republic, only the church remained for the village. A doctor looks after the 975 residents by the hour. Before 1945 there were at times up to 30 clubs, such as a gymnastics club, a cycling club, a women's club, a youth club, an Erzgebirge club, a choir, a music club, a shooting club, a fire brigade club, and 9 restaurants. Since the fall of the Wall , public life has been idle, unlike in the past, especially since state-controlled tourism played a large part in this. But for the first time since the Wall was built, it was possible to get to neighboring Czech towns without any major problems. There are currently five active associations (motorcycle friends, rifle association, mining association, volunteer fire brigade, tourism association). These clubs are active several times a year with large celebrations, including a. with the motorcycle meeting in August, the pyramid pushing in the run-up to Christmas, the Mettenschicht and every two years with the mountain festival. There are regular groups for sports and music in the newly built community center for and by the senior citizens. Nordic walking is offered in summer. The kindergarten is bilingual. The bus runs several times regularly every working day to Olbernhau and Marienberg.

Economy and Social

Economically and socially, from 1591 until well into the 19th century, the changing owners of the Rübenau estate (since 1690 manor) played a dominant role as landlords and court lords over their subjects. In order to expand their power of disposal over their subjects, for example, compulsory servitude was enforced in the Saxon state parliament in 1766. It was not until the servants' ordinance of 1835 no longer required that every rural subject was initially obliged to work on the estate. After the forced labor was replaced, the Rübenau landlords achieved high financial profits by selling land parcels, which were often still forest land, to the hardworking village subjects for clearing, using and building houses.

Among the outstanding mining places Rübenau belonged not, but is also well into the 19th century to mining has been operated, always being able to wrest some secret treasures in the hope that the stony ground. The mining of copper, tin and iron ore as well as chert, limestone and quartz brought in a lot, but the overall yield remained low. Probably the most profitable were the Buchen and Glückseliger Windbruch tin mines around 1590 . Most of the 17 pits have been rediscovered, but their function is often unclear.

Thanks to its wooded location and the existing ironworks in Rübenau, Kallich (Kallich- v. A. Dialect for the Precambrian marble, which was mined here) and Gabriela huts , Rübenau concentrated primarily on the timber and metal industry. In the 19th century, nail forging in particular was in full bloom, so that the place became known as the “village of nail smiths”. In 1855 there are talk of 170 nail smiths. Early 20th century there were several sawmills among others with wood acts a Holzdreherei steam railway, two pen case factories, one pulp mill , several nail fabrications and wheels factory. There were several piles , one of which is reproduced on the road after the start. The fish-rich brook still supplied a number of residents with trout until the 1970s, although in recent years there have been fewer and fewer fish in the local ponds.

Rübenau is rich in fauna and flora in the warm months. The Friends' Association Natura Miriquidica eV offers numerous local events. The list of animals on the red list that can still be found here is impressive. Forests have recovered from post-war deforestation and the death of forests in the late 1990s.

From 1949 fundamental restructuring began in all areas in the GDR . State-owned companies (VEB) started their activities mainly through new construction and partly through nationalization and expropriations , including a wood grinding shop, a wood construction company, NARVA Formplast, a window construction company, a button factory, a nail factory that was established in the 1920s, a glove knitwear factory ( Branch of the "VEB Polar Karl-Marx-Stadt"), in which many women found work, as well as an agricultural production cooperative (LPG). After the political and economic turnaround in 1990 and the lack of demand for local products, these businesses were unprofitable and were closed. In addition to a car paint shop and repair shop Stephani (continuation of NARVA Formplast) and a small company for handicraft products from the Ore Mountains, numerous farmers are now again producing in the village alongside the large agricultural cooperative. The middle class flourished.

In trade and commerce, Rübenau had eight grocery stores, six bakers, three butchers, six carpenters, three plumbers, eight carpenters, four locksmiths, four tailors, three hairdressers, two saddlers, nine shoemakers, one drugstore, one painter, one for decades until 1990 Brewery as well as a textile and housewares store. Not to forget the cinema in Einsiedel. There were two grocery stores, a plumber and two hairdressers in 2018. In 2020 there will be a general store with a post office and bakery, a hairdressing salon, building materials trade, a carpentry, wood processing, heating, installation and roofing, paint shop, car refurbishment, car repair shop and scrap shop, a wood carver and basket weaver.

In the GDR, Rübenau was a state-recognized health resort . Nine foreign companies had their holiday homes there. After 1990 they were all dissolved. The number of holiday guests fell dramatically and meant a considerable economic loss for Rübenau. In winter there are up to 50 snow days. Then two large trails are groomed, which make the neighboring towns from Kühnhaide to Olbernhau one of the largest cross-country skiing areas in the Ore Mountains. The moderate ridge path Erzgebirge-Vogtland and the European long-distance hiking trail E3 (from the Black Sea to the Iberian Peninsula) pass Rübenau . Some local hiking trails have been described for a hundred years and reveal the historical changes. However, since the Czech Republic joined the European Union in 2004, relations with the neighboring Bohemian Ore Mountains have intensified. Help was given to the restoration of the church in the neighboring village of Kalek. The school, which was renovated in the 1990s, was torn down despite strong protests at the beginning of 2018 and a multi-purpose house was built instead, because the EU received funding for the redesign. The program "Vital village centers and local centers in rural areas" of the State Ministry for Environment and Agriculture (SMUL) funded the cost of 620,000 euros for the multi-purpose house with 425,000 euros. At the end of 2019, the municipal office (formerly the town hall) with its rare vault from the 17th century, which was renovated and functional only a few years ago, was also removed. This means that both of the buildings that make sense for the population are missing in Rübenau. In the center of the village, the listed manor house and the “Weißer Hirsch” inn are waiting for a new use.

Since the political and economic turnaround in 1990, many Rübenau workers have been commuting to their place of work further than before. But even before that, quite a few commuted to companies, such as B. the bismuth or the spring works in Marienberg, because the earnings there were significantly higher or they felt more comfortable in the cities. In 1971 there were only 1463 inhabitants with well over 2000 tourists. Between 1990 and 2015, the number of inhabitants in Rübenau fell from 1223 to 975 as a result of the post-turnaround problems. The number of overnight stays fell to a tenth of the old figures until a few years ago. In 2019, according to observations by the elders, the births, additions and death rates were no longer so different and more and more beds are being offered in the village. Rübenau seems to be recovering a little.

Development of the population

Population of Rübenau with Ober- and Niedernatzschung, from 1875 including Einsiedel-Sensenhammer (incorporation)

1595 1 mill and 2 hooves (farmsteads, i.e. the buildings of two farms) 1885 2572
1671 Well with mill and "16 little wood-cutter houses" 1900 2215
1698 39 "cottagers", 8-10 occupants per house 1910 2127
1764 80 houses 1925 2019
1801 967 (Manor Rübenau with Ober- and Niedernatzschung without customs house and some official subjects) 1933 2055
1822 "Against 1400 souls" 1939 1916
1828 1472 1946 2070
1834 1723 1950 1986
1843 2544 (with Einsiedel scythe hammer) 1964 1633
1845 1770 1990 1223
1846 1700 2001 1130
1864 2488 (with Einsiedel scythe hammer) 2007 1067
1871 2483 (with Einsiedel scythe hammer) 2014 999
1880 2627 2015 975
1971 1463
1.1.2018 917

literature

  • Rübenau . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 9th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1822, pp. 537-539.
  • Ernst Johannes Künzel: The parish Rübenau. in: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 653–672 ( digitized version )
  • Richard Steche : Rübenau. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 5th issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Marienberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1885, p. 27.
  • Rübenau, Marienberg district. In: To Olbernhau and Seiffen (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 43). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1985, pp. 173-178.
  • Kurt Ihle: Chronicle of an Erzgebirge border village. Self-published in 1999
  • Waltraud Krannich: Pleading with his wife. The settlement of the Ore Mountains ridge using the example of Rübenau. Told from historical manuscripts. Norderstedt 2016. 198 pp. ISBN 978-3-7412-8595-0
  • Waltraud Krannich: mansion and huts. Saxon villages on the Ore Mountains ridge from 1700 to 1900 using the example of Rübenau. Norderstedt 2017. 448 pp. ISBN 978-3-7448-3008-9
  • A. Beckert: Rübenau in the Erzgebirge: The school 1903–2018. Marienberg City Archives

Web links

Commons : Rübenau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Facts & Figures  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the mining town Marienberg, accessed on March 20, 2018.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.marienberg.de  
  2. ↑ Carl Wilhelm Hering : History of the Saxon Highlands ... Vol. 3. Leipzig 1827. P. 11
  3. ↑ Continued Codex Augusteus, 1st section Leipzig 1772, Sp. 953–958, 968 and GVBl. Sachs 1835, pp. 17 - 37: Law, the Public. d. Servant Order re.
  4. ↑ 15 Free Press v. May 24, 2017 p. 9 and August 25, 2016
  5. ↑ Census on December 2, 1885: 2476 Protestant and 96 Catholic residents
  6. ↑ Main State Archive Dresden, 10036 Finance Archive, Loc. 34002 Rep. 29 Lauterstein, No. 0005, Bl. 4–6 (Schösser Johann David Pietsch on October 6, 1671).
  7. ↑ In 315 houses with 537 households. Ernst Johannes Künzel: The parish Rübenau. in: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 653–672 (here: Sp. 654)
  8. ↑ a b Rübenau in the digital historical directory of Saxony
  9. ↑ a b Rübenau . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 9th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1822, pp. 537-539.
  10. ↑ Rübenau with Ober- and Niedernatzschung: 159 houses with 1,236 residents; Einsiedel-Sensenhammer: 32 houses with 236 residents. Carl Wilhelm Hering: History of the Saxon highlands. Vol. 1 , Barth Leipzig 1828, pp. 264f. Ernst Johannes Künzel: The parish Rübenau. in: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 653-672 (here: Sp. 654).
  11. ↑ a b Rübenau: 1,160 inhabitants, Ober- and Niedernatzschkau: 310 inhabitants, "Einsiedel with the court and the scythe hammer": 300 inhabitants. Albert Schiffner : Description of Saxony… Dresden : 1845, p. 273f.
  12. ↑ In 465 households (Rübenau in 305 households 1336 residents, Niedernatzschung in 27 households 121 residents, Obernatzschung in 52 households 223 residents, Einsiedel-Sensenhammer: in 81 households 864 residents). Ernst Johannes Künzel: The parish Rübenau. in: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 653-672 (here: Sp. 653).
  13. ^ Rübenau 1846: 1,336 inhabitants, 152 residential buildings, Einsiedel-Sensenhammer 1846: 364 inhabitants, 37 residential buildings. Hugo von Bose: Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony. Dresden 1847. p. 63.
  14. ^ Ernst Johannes Künzel: The parish Rübenau. in: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 653-672 (here: Sp. 654).
  15. ↑ Census 2.12. 1880: Parochie Rübenau in the 304 inhabited houses 8 1/2 people lived in each house. Directory of the house owners of the Parish Rübenau from 1881 according to Pastor Karl Ernst Ziegler. Edit and ed. v. K. Ihle and Th. Jantz. Rübenau 2005.