Rainer Wald
The Rainer Wald is an approximately 250 hectare riparian forest in the Danube valley between Straubing and Regensburg in the area of the municipality of Rain in the 1,289 hectare FFH area (DE7040302) and EU bird sanctuary for forests in the Danube valley . It belongs to 23 primeval forest relic species locations in Bavaria and is characterized by very high-quality stocks of old oaks and swamp forests in the otherwise poorly forested Dungau . From 2005 to 2012, the State Association for Bird Protection in Bavaria (LBV) acquired around 240 hectares of forest in order to preserve and upgrade it.
location
The Rainer Forest is located south of the Danube in the confluence of the Great and Small Laber with the Danube. The Große Laber flows west and north past the Rainer Wald, the Kleine Laber to the east. The B8 runs south of the forest and the municipality of Rain lies south of it.
Structure and flora
Due to the surrounding waters, the groundwater level reaches to the surface of the ground in many deeper places in the forest. There are up to 15 hectares of alder forests , the trees of which are supported by stilt roots in the soft subsoil. Roller sedge ( Carex elongata ), yellow iris ( Iris pseudacorus ), marsh fern ( Thelypteris palustris ) and worm ferns ( Dryopteris ) grow in the swamp forests . High cowslip ( Primula elatior ), common bird cherry ( Prunus padus ) and white elm ( Ulmus laevis ) grow in higher-lying areas with alder-ash riparian forests, where the groundwater sinks one meter below the ground in summer . In even higher areas there are oak-hornbeam forests with English oak ( Quercus robus ), hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ) and winter linden ( Tilia cordata ) as the third natural forest community.
In the forest there are several meadows, the largest of which is the Reutwiese, and clearings on which, especially in spring, a layer of herbs rich in species and flowers with nodding pearl grass ( Melica nutans ), wood anemone ( Anemone nemorosa ), lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis ) and giant fescue ( Festuca gigantea ) can be found. The rare black devil's claw blooms in clear spots .
Waters
The Rainer Forest is criss-crossed by many ditches with flowing to standing water. The Saubründelgraben, the largest ditch, drains the forest from south to northeast to the Großer Laaber. There are stagnant bodies of water from small ponds to larger ponds such as Jägersee, some of which are connected to the trenches.
The beavers , which are active in the Rainer forest, cause flooded areas in the alluvial forest by damming up the ditches at changing points.
The Saubründlgraben in the south of the Rainer forest
Trees gnawed by the beaver
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fauna
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In the Rainer Forest, old trees with their knotholes, cracks and protruding bark offer habitats for many cave-dwelling bird species and bats. Six native woodpecker species are represented, including the black ( Dryocopus martius ), small ( Dryobates minor ), gray ( Picus canus ) and middle woodpecker ( Leiopicus medius ).
A special feature is the marsh diaper snail ( Vertigo antivertigo ) , which is only about two millimeters in size .
The insect fauna has been researched over several years and almost 1500 species have been identified, including 25 dragonflies, 12 grasshoppers, 88 bugs, 406 beetles and 395 species of butterflies.
Among the dragonflies were located Lestes Dryas ( Lestes dryas ), variable damselfly ( Coenagrion pulchellum ), wedge spot Hawker ( Aeshna isoceles ) Common Clubtail ( Gomphus vulgatissimus ) Ophiogomphus Cecilia ( Ophiogomphus cecilia ), golden-ringed dragonfly ( Cordulegaster boltonii ) and Southern Blue arrow ( Orthetrum brunneum ).
Red list -species among the verified bugs are the shore bug Chartoscirta cincta , the soft bug Halticus major and Macrolophus rubi and the robber bug ringed murder bug ( Rhynocoris annulatus ).
Among the cicadas, the Moor Erdzikade ( Stroggylocephalus livens ), Red List Bavaria species 1, should be emphasized.
Beetle
The Rainer Forest is an important habitat for wood-dwelling ( xylobionte ) beetles. Evidence of the three primeval forest relic species Feuerschmied ( Elater ferrugineus ) and Corticeus fasciatus , which live on oak, and the blood-necked snout beetle ( Ischnodes sanguinicollis ), which lives on birch, make the Rainer Wald one of 23 important primeval forest relic species in Bavaria. An elm and linden lives Little Elm jewel beetle ( Anthaxia manca ) to Linden the eyelash-horn buck ( Exocentrus Lusitanus ) on Faulbaum of Two Punk term buckthorn Bock ( Menesia bipunctata ) on pastures of grazing line Bock ( Oberea oculata ) and the Musk Beetle ( Aromia moschata ) at honeysuckle of honeysuckle line Bock ( Oberea pupillata ) to Hasel the hazel-line Bock ( Oberea linearis ) on ash bark beetle Colorful Eschenbastkäfer ( Hylesinus fraxini ) Eschenbastkäfer ( Hylesinus oleiperda ) and Big black Eschenbastkäfer ( Hylesinus crenatus ). Pedunculate oak is home to a particularly large number of beetle species, including stag beetles ( Lucanus cervus ), the longhorn beetles, the black longhorn beetle ( Stenocorus quercus ), the oak billybuck ( Rhagium sycophanta ), the petite ram ( Xylotrechus antilope ) and the hornbill ( Plagionotus nigerrimus ) and the quick beetle .
The larvae of the bronze- green rose beetle ( Protaetia lugubris ), blood-necked snail beetles and fire smiths live in sludge caves, while the large rose beetle ( Protaetia aeruginosa ) lives in tree and woodpecker caves . The red-legged thief beetle ( Ptinus rufipes ) lives in wild bees in old insect boreholes and the larvae of the hornet beetle ( Velleius dilatatus ) develop in hornet nests. Another rarity is Anemadus strigosus , whose larvae of the brown garden ant Lasius brunneus live in rotten oak.
Butterflies
Of the 396 documented butterflies, 23 species are typical for alluvial forests and 14 for wetlands. Of the 27 occurring butterfly species are grizzled skipper ( Pyrgus malvae ), Green Hairstreak ( Callophrys rubi ), Black Hairstreak ( Satyrium pruni ), Big Fuchs ( Nymphalis polychloros ) and apatura ilia ( Apatura ilia ) characteristic of the living space and in the Red lists from Bavaria or Germany listed.
The largest group among the butterflies are the owl butterflies (Noctuidae) with 133 species, followed by the small butterflies with 119 species. Of this amount, marsh grass span Owl ( Macrochilo cribrumalis ) Catocala sponsa ( Catocala sponsa ) cosmia affinis ( Cosmia affinis ) and water swath Röhrichteule ( Phragmatiphila nexa ) on the Red List of Bavaria and alder Gray Dagger ( Acronicta cuspis ) and Lithosia Quadra ( Lithosia quadra ) on the red list for Germany.
96 species of the spanners (Geometridae) and 10 of the owl moths and sickle-winged birds (Drepanidae) have been identified. Typical inhabitants of undergrowth-rich alluvial forests are the gooseberry spider ( Abraxas grossulariata ) (Red List Bavaria 2, Germany 3) and the silver and white small spanner ( Scopula nemoraria ), which is threatened with extinction in Bavaria and Germany (RL 1).
Among the small butterflies is the Red List 1 Type Acleris kochiella from the family of Winder (Tortricidae) a special feature. Next was the Sloe Gespinstschlauchzünsler ( Acrobasis suavella ) Pseudotelphusa Scalella , the white spot Traubenkirschwickler ( Hedya dimidiana ) Eccopisa effractella the, broad-winged Schilfzünsler ( Chilo phragmitella ) donacaula forficella , Udea nebulalis and Hainbuchenzünsler ( Agrotera nemoralis ) seven types of Warning level can be demonstrated.
maintenance
As part of a project with the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), non-natural spruce monocultures are gently converted into local deciduous forests, rare tree species and perennials are promoted and the water balance of the swamp forests is renatured. By removing trees and bushes that were not in the area, additional clear areas were created. The red oak ( Quercus rubra ), bastard black poplar ( Populus × canadensis ) and balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera ) are removed and white elm ( Ulmus laevis ), pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ), winter linden ( Tilia cordata ) and hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus) ) planted. Be on the path and forest edges spindle tree ( Euonymus europaeus ), rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ), black elderberry ( Sambucus nigra ) and Crataegus Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna planted). The invasive late blooming bird cherry ( Prunus serotina ) is consistently removed. In order to keep the meadows open, they are cultivated extensively, which means usually only mowed once a year. The Japanese knotweed ( Fallopia japonicainvasive ), an invasive neophyte , is being pushed back by frequent mowing. A smaller gravel quarry is left to natural succession.
Rare perennials should be promoted through cultivation and application. This is planned and partially implemented for the Siberian iris ( Iris sibirica ), globe flower ( Trollius europaeus ), swamp spurge ( Euphorbia palustris ), swamp flat pea ( Lathyrus palustris ) and pimple nut ( Staphylea pinnata )
Development
Access to the forest is possible from several entrances from the B8. Several well-developed forest roads lead through the forest, a forest nature trail leads through the western part of the forest.
literature
- Gisela Merkel-Wallner: Insects in the Rainer Forest . (Insecta: Odonata, Orthoptera, Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha, ...). In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft bayerischer Entomologen eV (Ed.): Contributions to Bavarian Entomofaunistik . No. 13 , 2014, ISSN 1430-015X , p. 1–65 ( PDF [accessed January 30, 2018]).
supporting documents
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, profiles of Natura 2000 areas 7040-302 Forests in the Danube Valley (FFH area and EU bird sanctuary)
- ↑ www.entomologie.de Ischnodes sanguinicollis (PANZ.)
- ↑ a b Report BayernNetzNatur project "Rainer Wald", biotope development measures ML 1G / 07 EU (2007/2008)
- ↑ Report forest conversion measures and biotope development in the Rainer Wald-Natura2000 area "Forests in the Danube Valley" ML 9G / 2008 EU (2008/2009)
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 54 ′ 35 ″ N , 12 ° 27 ′ 16 ″ E