Reichardsroth

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Reichardsroth
Ohrbach municipality
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 9 ″  N , 10 ° 11 ′ 10 ″  E
Height : 392 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 86  (May 25 1987)
Postal code : 91620
Area code : 09865
Reichardsrother "Schlosshaus" (former religious house)
Reichardsrother archway
Reichardsroth, view of the village
Johanniskirche zu Reichardsroth (1254) with the foundation wall of the former nave and animated reconstruction

Reichardsroth (colloquially: Röttla ) or Räidla is a district of the municipality Ohrbach in the district of Ansbach in Middle Franconia . In the place there were a Johanniterkommende and a land tower of the Rothenburg Landwehr . Thus Reichardsroth belonged to the Free Imperial City of Rothenburg ob der Tauber . However, the Johanniter owned their estate with forest until 1803 and the lordship over most of the farms, so that Reichardsroth was a Johanniter village.

geography

The church village is the northernmost place in the district of Ansbach . It is located between two pieces of forest in the northeast (Heggarten) and southwest (Galgenholz) close to an approximately one and a half hectare lake, from which the Selbach drains northwards past the western edge of the village to the right-hand Tauber tributary Steinach .

State road 2419 runs next to the village and leads to Oberscheckenbach (2.8 km south) and junction 106 (Uffenheim-Langensteinach) of the A 7 (3 km north). A community road leads to Langensteinach to the NEA 51 district road (1.4 km north).

history

According to legend, Reichardsroth was founded around 990 by a hermit named Reichard in a large forest that covered the area and which was called "Rode" in ancient scriptures. This resulted in the current place name from Reichard and Rode . In colloquial language, the place is also known as "Räidler".

In 1182, Emperor Friedrich I and Albert von Hohenlohe had a hospital with a church and farm yard built. In 1192, the Order of St. John , after being donated, founded a commander out of it , of which there were only six in Franconia (Reichardsroth, Rothenburg, Biebelried, Würzburg, Mergentheim and Schwäbisch Hall). In the same year, Pope Celestine III confirmed . the donation. In 1254 the late Romanesque church ( crossing tower with choir , apse and nave ) was consecrated. In the Middle Ages, Reichardsroth was the seat of a center , blood or neck court , the last death sentence was carried out around 1400. The gallows wood and the gallows fields next to the village bear witness to this time through their names.

In 1387 Reichardsroth was sold to Rothenburg for 415 years - but only a manorial. The property and the income from the farmers remained with the order. Around 1430, the Free Imperial City of Rothenburg began building a country enclosure and the small town became a border town to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach . One of the nine country towers of the Rothenburger Landhege was built on the outskirts on the main street , where customs were levied and in which a Hegereiter lived who controlled the Hege (known as Häich ). Mid-15th century, the Order Convention in Reichardsroth was disbanded and the last Reichard Rother Johanniter Commander left the Coming . Reichardsroth was merged with the Rothenburg commander of the order and administered from there. With the Reformation in 1559, Reichardsroth became Protestant. The church building fell into disrepair in the period that followed. The commander of the Rothenburger Johanniterkommende, to which Reichardsroth belonged from then on, appointed secular tenants for the still existing farm yard.

1802 Reichardsroth became Bavarian with Rothenburg. During the secularization of Bavaria in 1802/1803, the Order of St. John remained in possession as it was considered an order of knights. Even with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1806, the Order initially retained ownership, and it was not until 1808 that the Kingdom of Bavaria nationalized the possessions. It is reported that the Kommende Reichardsroth (like some others) did not finally pass to the Crown of Bavaria until the death of the last Commander of the Order of St. John in Bavaria in 1819. This sold in 1835 much of the former religious property (buildings, fields, meadows, forest and lake) at eight local farmers (so-called Hofbauern ). These farm farmers, meanwhile only seven, still use the former farm buildings. In the 19th century, parts of the choir of the church and the apse together with the largely collapsed, once splendidly decorated nave were demolished and the remains of the tower and parts of the former choir were renovated. In 1860 the two small tent roofs of the church tower became a roof. In the village there is still a customs house built in 1700, which replaced the former land tower until the Landhege was dissolved in 1806.

With the community edict (early 19th century), Reichardsroth was assigned to the tax district and the rural community Ohrbach.

In the 1940s, part of the Oberscheckenbach field airfield was located around the village , which was to be used as an alternative area for the Leithorst Ansbach. Remnants of this can still be seen in the surrounding forests.

In 1982 the then federal highway 25, which ran directly through the town, was moved to a new bypass.

Reichardsroth is now an independent parish, which is combined with the two parishes of Großharbach and Langensteinach in one parish.

Architectural monuments

  • House No. 1: stable house with outbuildings
  • House No. 2: courtyard house
  • House No. 3: Two-storey residential stable house
  • House No. 12: Former religious house of the Johanniterkommende
  • House No. 13: Former customs house
  • House No. 14: One-storey, handsome half-timbered stable house with a crooked roof. Inscribed "Built by J. Simon Ruhl 1851".
  • House No. 15: Evangelical Lutheran branch church of St. John the Baptist
  • Various barns, boundary stones and wayside shrine

Population development

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987
Residents 60 87 94 101 110 94 92 133 103 103 86
Houses 12 15th 15th 15th 17th 19th 21st 21st
source

Culture

village life

Despite the small number of inhabitants, the traditional maypole is set up and the Easter fire is burned down every year in the agricultural town of Middle Franconia . In the past, there was a 1000 year celebration of the village and the 750 year celebration of the church, which was held in the old sheep barn. There is also a volunteer fire brigade, which in addition to its actual tasks also supports the village community and often contributes to maintaining the idyllic village image with important work.

leisure

  • Reichardsrother See
  • "Nature and history trail in Reichardsroth"
  • “Cycling and hiking in the Hegereiterland” around Reichardsroth
  • "Faith Path at the Rothenburg Landhege" around Reichardsroth
  • Restaurant and holiday apartments

literature

Web links

Commons : Reichardsroth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 330 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ JK Bundschuh, Vol. 4, Col. 454.
  3. ↑ Reichardsroth in the Bavaria Atlas
  4. ↑ HK Ramisch, p. 88. Monument protection canceled, object possibly demolished.
  5. ↑ Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were referred to as "fireplaces", in 1840 as "houses", and from 1871 to 1987 as "residential buildings".
  6. ↑ Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkkreis according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 74 ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 226 ( digitized version ).
  8. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1073 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1240 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1175 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1246 ( digitized version ).
  12. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1286 ( digitized version ).
  13. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1113 ( digitized version ).
  14. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 816 ( digitized version ).
  15. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 171 ( digitized version ).