Nicolas Alexandre Salins de Montfort

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Nicolas Alexandre Salins de Montfort (born February 7, 1753 in Versailles , † March 11, 1839 in Nantes ) was a French architect in the period of classicism .

The English Court at Roßmarkt , 1797
The Gontardsche garden shed, 1799
Nebbian garden house, approx. 1810

life and work

Nicolas Alexandre Salins de Montfort was the son of a court official and studied architecture in Paris . At the age of 17 he became a draftsman in the studio of Pierre Michel d'Ixnard , the architect of the Elector of Trier , Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony , and of Prince Josef Friedrich Wilhelm von Hohenzollern-Hechingen . Salins de Montfort assisted Ixnard in the construction of the Benedictine Abbey of Sankt Blasien in the Black Forest and in the construction of the electoral Trier residence in Koblenz, which began in 1776 .

In 1779, at the age of 26, Salins de Montfort was commissioned by Cardinal Louis César Constantin de Rohan-Guéméné , Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg , to rebuild the burned down residence in Zabern in Alsace . By the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, only the central wing of the residence was completed.

In 1778 Salins won the competition for the design of the market square in Karlsruhe , which Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden had announced. In 1780 he was appointed director of the Societé typographique in Kehl . In 1792 he fled the revolution to Frankfurt am Main , where there was an important French Reformed community . Its members, for example the Gontard family , were among the wealthiest families in Frankfurt and immediately gave Salins a number of important commissions. The two Reformed churches in Frankfurt, built by Georg Friedrich Mack from 1790 to 1793 , the German Reformed Church on Kornmarkt and the French Reformed Church on Goetheplatz , probably also go back to Salin's designs. In the following years he quickly rose to become Frankfurt's leading master builder. He also asserted himself against local architects such as the city architect Johann Georg Christian Hess , whom he was far superior in terms of talent. In his letters he shows himself to be self-confident and free-spirited, but also mindful of his own benefit. His generous plans inspired the Frankfurt builders and also influenced the style of his competitors. In 1809, classicism was laid down in building regulations as a binding architectural style for all new buildings and renovations in Frankfurt.

In 1806 he was appointed building manager to the grand ducal court in Würzburg . Until 1813 he created the Tuscany Hall and Tuscany Room in the Würzburg Residence and the so-called Himmelsaal in the former summer residence of the Prince-Bishops of Würzburg in Werneck . The client was the Grand Duke Ferdinand III. of Tuscany , the brother of Emperor Franz II and head of the Habsburg secondary school in Florence .

After the fall of Napoleon, he received an annuity for life from the Kingdom of Bavaria , the legal successor to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg . In 1818 Salins returned to Frankfurt am Main and a year later to his French homeland, where he died in Nantes in 1838.

Works (selection)

Rohan Castle in Zabern
Former German Reformed Church in Frankfurt am Main
Palais Rothschild (right) on the Zeil, 1795

Some of his Frankfurt works were already destroyed in the 19th century by renovations and demolitions, the rest for the most part in the Second World War during the air raids on Frankfurt am Main . Only the Nebbiensche garden house in the Frankfurt ramparts and the portal of the Villa Leonhardi have survived to this day . The original building was demolished in 1905 and the front was used as the entrance portal for the clubhouse of the TC Palmengarten in 1912. In 1987 when the palm garden was being redesigned , the building was demolished again, and Villa Leonhardi was then rebuilt true to the original on Zeppelinallee. The building has been used as a restaurant since it opened in 1989.

literature

Remarks

  1. ^ Henri Heitz: The Rohan Castle in Saverne . Societé d'Histoire et d'Archeologie de Saverne et Environs, Saverne 1997.
  2. ↑ Hans Haug: Le kiosque chinois des jardins de Saverne . In: Archives de l'art français NP 22, 1959, pp. 191–197; Gabrielle Feyler: L'architecte Nicolas Alexandre Salins de Montfort (1753–1839) et le projet de reconstruction de l'hôtel de ville de Saverne . In: Pays d'Alsace 225, 2008, 4, pp. 31-34.
  3. ↑ Roger Lehni: Un projet de façade de Salins de Montfort pour l'Eglise de Marmoutier . In: Bulletins trimestriels. Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Saverne et Environs 1967, 60, 4, pp. 21-24.
  4. ↑ Ludwig Schwab, Klaus Jan Philipp, Klaus Berfelde: The Bethmannsche Riedhof des Salins de Montfort. Design analysis and classification in the art of agriculture . In: Architectura 40, 2010, pp. 1-20.
  5. ↑ Irene Helmreich-Schoeller: The Tuscany rooms of the Würzburg residence. A contribution to the spatial art of the Empire in Germany . Scaneg, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-89235-016-7 .

Web links

Commons : Nicolas Alexandre Salins de Montfort  - Collection of Images
personal data
SURNAME Salins de Montfort, Nicolas Alexandre
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French architect
DATE OF BIRTH February 7, 1753
PLACE OF BIRTH Versailles
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1839
Place of death Nantes