Salzbrunn (Beelitz)

Salzbrunn City of Beelitz
Coordinates: 52 ° 11 ′ 6 ″  N , 12 ° 55 ′ 37 ″  E
Height :	42 m above sea level NN
Area :	4.3 km²
Residents :	179  (Dec. 4, 2015)
Population density :	42 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 2001
Postal code :	14547
Area code :	033204
Location of Salzbrunn in Brandenburg

Salzbrunn is a district of the town of Beelitz in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district in the state of Brandenburg . Together with the district of Birkhorst, the town has 179 inhabitants (2015) and is located 27 kilometers southwest of the state capital Potsdam , about one kilometer west of the B 2 between Beelitz and Treuenbrietzen in the Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park . Since the Brandenburg regional reform in 2001, Salzbrunn has been part of the city of Beelitz.

History and etymology

16th to 18th century

In the 16th century, workers found underground salt springs near the Nieplitz . The builder Caspar Theiss ran the "Society for the Exploitation of Natural Resources of the Mittelmark", which was granted the privilege of the Elector in 1539 and in 1544 founded the "Beelitz Salt Works". From 1542 to 1548, craftsmen built the saltworks ≈ 1.5 km north of today's town in order to extract the then precious raw material. The place name goes back to this system. In 1580 there is a documentary mention as well as the […] salt well . The salt was obtained by boiling a brine .

As a result of the Thirty Years' War , large parts of the mark had fallen desperately . The inhabitants from Wittbrietzen and the neighboring Elsholz use the district for cattle breeding and agriculture. In 1747 Frederick the Great had a total of twelve Palatinate families recruited by the royal commissioner Brandt . They came from Frankfurt via Eisenach to Berlin and were initially housed in schools over the winter. Settlement began in spring 1748, when eight houses with outbuildings were built for the families in the new town of Salzbrunn. A lieutenant Balby carried out a cadastral survey together with a geodesist that took 85 days. On the instructions of the office, the colonists were housed in Elsholz and Treuenbrietzen during this time. Thus, under the direction of the master builder Nettke, a street village was created in which three farms north and south of the village road to Beelitz (west of the road to Buchholz) and two more farmsteads north of the village road to Birkhorst and east of the road to Buchholz. The settlers received 51 acres of land and 10 acres of meadow. In the remaining square a school with a barn and the church with a house for the sexton were built . He received 10 acres of fields, four acres of meadow and two more acres on his homestead, which remained free of heritable interest . The farmstead of the village mayor was given house number 1; the other buildings were numbered clockwise. This requirement was valid until 1975. In order to protect the investments, the grandchildren of the first residents were only allowed to sell or lease the farms. At the same time, living space was created in the area of ​​the former Meierhof on the Berghorst (= Birkhorst). The first mayor was Peter Scheerer , who received an exemption from hereditary interest for five acres as well as the right to jug for this task . Friedrich II promoted the settlement with a free contingent of construction and firewood. In addition, each settler received three oxen, three cows, a breeding sow worth 75 thalers and a plow with a wagon worth another 10 thalers. The neighboring communities were obliged to lend the colonists seeds. In order to reclaim the area, workers, in coordination with the responsible office, straightened the river and drained the fens around the site.

On May 6, 1749, the colonists took an oath before the royal commissioner of the Saarmund office to be “loyal, gracious and present” to the king. Frederick II exempted them from taxes for two years. The colonists continued to swear “at the end of their free years to give the inheritance interest paid to me correctly in the office, and also do everything else that is due to an honest underground and hereditary interest man”. The original of the oath is kept in the Brandenburg State Main Archives . Until July 1749, the colonists continued to receive subsistence allowances, which they could partially repay after the first harvest in summer. The archives also show that the residents successfully applied for financial aid to build a well and some feeding troughs .

These numerous concessions and subsidies led to tensions with the neighboring towns. A document from 1749 has survived in which the farmers from Elsholz complained to the Saarmund office that the new residents had received a larger meadow area than the Elsholz farmers had available for their cattle breeding. Similar complaints came from Treuenbrietzen and Schäpe. The lawsuits led to the Prussian state issuing a regulation on the use of the surrounding meadows in 1779. In 1750, after the successful examination of the sexton Umbach, regular school operations could begin. Among other things, he received an apartment in the school building with garden use, three acres of meadows and two cows. The villagers were obliged to provide a load of firewood every year and to pay a school fee of six pfennigs per child. In 1754 six more families from the surrounding area were added. In 1769 craftsmen built a bridge from field stones over the Nieplitz , which runs in the east of the district in a north-south direction. This has significantly improved the connection to what will later become Bundesstraße 2 . Frederick II had promised the colonists to build a church in addition to the school. However, since the financial means were insufficient, only a house of prayer should be built, which in turn did not appeal to the residents. They therefore agreed to contribute their own work and bring in additional money. Nevertheless, the construction was delayed by the Seven Years' War and could only be completed in 1785 with the consecration of the church . In 1772 a total of eleven farmers and seven kötter settled in Salzbrunn .

19th century

In 1817 Salzbrunn became part of the Zauch-Belzig district . In the 19th century, a regulation said that the building could not be rebuilt in the event of a fire. The polluter was obliged to move out of the village and took his house number with him. In 1836 such a fire broke out in the building at number 4. The resident received a new piece of land from a neighbor at the end of the village in the direction of Birkhorst, which will be number 19 in the 21st century. Probably in the same year a new school building was built and a forerunner of the volunteer fire brigade was brought into being. She received a fire extinguisher in 1846. The settlement continued to grow: in 1837 there were 28 houses in the village, to which the Buchholz water and saw mill and the former forester's house were incorporated in 1858 . At the end of the 18th century, the Jüterbog – Nauen railway was put into operation. An initial plan envisaged that a train station should be built on Salzbrunner Weg . However, since Buchholz had more residents, the planners decided against Salzbrunn. In 1895 a dairy cooperative was founded in Wittbrietzen, which the Salzbrunn farmers also joined.

20th to 21st century

New ditch

43 buildings have survived from 1900. They were connected to the electricity grid in 1923. At around the same time, the Nieplitz in the area of ​​the Salzbrunn district was straightened in order to be able to better use the adjacent areas for agriculture. In 1934 a volunteer fire brigade was founded. During the Second World War , a bomb fell in a stable building on January 14, 1945. On the night of April 22nd to 23rd, 1945, the place was taken by the Red Army . In the days that followed, there were a few skirmishes with German soldiers. Tank shells hit the village and damaged some buildings. A barn and other buildings caught fire, but could not be extinguished because survivors reported that the auxiliary workers were shot at by tanks placed on Bundesstraße 2. There were also assaults and rape by Soviet soldiers in May; Men were captured and taken to NKVD camps . The population rose sharply due to displaced people .

On December 18, 1950, a new mayor should be elected. Emil Bausamer from the SED received five votes, his opponent Eugen Siebert from the DBD only three. However, Bausamer did not take up his post because a representative of the district secretariat declared in a community representative meeting on February 12, 1951 that: “The SED is withdrawing the previous mayor Bausamer on the grounds that he shows no class ties and has in no way represented the interests of the working class . His expulsion from the SED is to be expected. ”Another vote resulted in four votes for Siebert with four abstentions, who was thus mayor of Salzbrunn until 1957. In 1952 the place became part of the Potsdam-Land district . A few years later opened consumption in the restaurant. In the early years of the GDR , farmers were given strict requirements to fulfill the plan in order to ensure that the population was supplied with food. Some families could not withstand this pressure and left the GDR for West Berlin in 1953 . The first local farms emerged from the abandoned farms , from which the Type I LPG Thyr emerged in 1965 . A machine hall was built for them. At the endeavors of the farmers, construction workers deepened the Nieplitz in order to improve yields through amelioration . In 1967 the LPG type III and type I merged to form a LPG type II. In 1972 the LPG Buchholz type III was founded. In 1978 construction soldiers asphalted the connection from Bundesstraße 2 to Birkhorst. In October 1979 workers discovered that the field stone bridge over the Nieplitz had become dilapidated. Experts suspected that the cause was the considerable pollution caused by tanks of the Red Army, which also drove through Salzbrunn during maneuvers. The structure was replaced by a new concrete building. At the same time, the bridge towards Schäpe had to be rebuilt. Between 1985 and 1986 craftsmen laid underground cables to supply the houses and street lighting with electricity. In 1987 the machine hall of LPG I had been converted into a solid structure, which from that time on was used by the Beelitz plant production cooperative and the community to process carrots. The building received a hall, a kitchen and sanitary facilities and could therefore also be used for cultural purposes.

After the fall of the Wall , the owners were given the opportunity to sell vacant lots. As a result, several more residential buildings are built; the number of residents rose to 165 people. Since 1994 the place belongs to the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark. In 1998 the community celebrated its 250th anniversary. Until it was incorporated into Beelitz on December 31, 2001, Salzbrunn was an independent municipality.

The remains of the former salt pans can still be viewed in the 21st century. In 2016 they were placed under protection as a ground monument .

coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver, a green bar bent upwards, covered with a silver salt crystal, accompanied at the top by three rooted green trees, at the bottom by a brick round red fountain."

Justification of the coat of arms: The residents of Salzbrunn and Birkhorst tell of their three striking, huge trees that could be seen from far away. These stood in formation far out on the fields in the area and were for a long time a distinguishing feature of the village. It was the desire of the residents to represent these three large trees on their common coat of arms for Salzbrunn and Birkhorst. In this context, the number three in the arrangement of the three trees could also stand for the oath to the king: FAITHFUL - HOLD - PRESENT . The green arch stands for the salt marshes and the wide landscape in which the three striking trees stand. The salt crystal from the historical history of the place and the fountain as namesake for the place Salzbrunn and speaking elements in their arrangement, above the salt crystal, below the fountain SALZ BRUNN en. The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Ismet Salahor from Frankfurt and was included in the German local coat of arms at the HEROLD on December 14, 2015 under the number 44BR.

Sightseeing

Salzbrunn village church

The Protestant village church in Salzbrunn is a hall church that was built by the Palatinate settlers in 1784/1785. In 2003 and 2004 an extensive renovation took place. Inside there is simple furnishings from the construction period. To the west of the church tower there is a war cemetery in the cemetery for the dead from World War II .

literature

• Salzbrunn municipality (ed.): Marianne Kaiser: 250 years of Salzbrunn-Birkhorst. Contributions to history , Elbe-Druckerei Wittenberg, 1st edition, 1998

Web links

Commons : Salzbrunn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• City of Beelitz, district of Salzbrunn

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Beelitzer Nachrichten, Volume 26, No. 11, Page 14
2. ↑ State of Brandenburg, Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection (MUGV) ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 949 kB) Map of the Nuthe Nieplitz Nature Park with precise boundaries. 
3. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin , Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission. be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-937233-30-X , p. 148, ISSN  1860-2436 .
4. ↑ inixmedia nord / ost on behalf of the city of Beelitz (ed.): Asparagus city Beelitz - city with brains , 1st edition, 2013/2014
5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Zauch-Belzig. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ↑ Presentation of the city of Beelitz with districts. Retrieved July 6, 2018 . 
7. ↑ Unique relic in Brandenburg. In: MAZonline. January 7, 2016, accessed July 6, 2018 . 
8. ↑ Information on the local coat of arms received directly from the coat of arms designer