Beelitz Heilstätten

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Beelitz Heilstätten
City of Beelitz
Beelitz-Heilstätten coat of arms
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 41 ″  N , 12 ° 55 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 75 m above sea level NN
Residents : 492  (March 6, 2015)
Postal code : 14547
Area code : 033204
Beelitz-Heilstätten (Brandenburg)
Beelitz Heilstätten

Location of Beelitz-Heilstätten in Brandenburg

Beelitz-Heilstätten is part of the municipality of Beelitz in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district in Brandenburg (Germany) with 492 inhabitants (as of March 6, 2015).

history

Postcard from the time of the club hospital in the First World War

The Beelitz-Heilstätten workers' pulmonary sanatorium, built between 1898 and 1930 by the Berlin State Insurance Company, form one of the largest hospital complexes in the Berlin area . It is a listed ensemble of 60 buildings on a total area of ​​approx. 200  hectares .

The lung sanatoriums were built in two areas north of the railway line, and the sanatoriums for the treatment of non-contagious diseases in the two areas to the south. The areas were separated according to sex: to the west of the highway the women's sanatoriums and sanatoriums, to the east of the same the men's sanatoriums and sanatoriums. Likewise, company buildings in which predominantly women were employed were to the west and those in which predominantly men were employed to the east. The first construction phase took place from 1898 to 1902 under the architects Heino Schmieden and Julius Boethke (1864-1917). In the second construction phase from 1908 to 1910, the number of beds was increased from 600 to 1200. The architect was Fritz Schulz , who was also responsible for the third construction phase from 1926 to 1930.

Their parks were created by the horticultural director Karl Koopmann , under whom Harry Maasz worked from 1903 to 1904 .

The thermal power station (architect Paul Stanke ) belonging to the sanatorium was operated with combined heat and power as early as 1903 and is now a technical monument. The building shell of the so-called Heizhaus Süd with the preserved machine room and the water tower was extensively renovated by the owner, the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark, with EU funding.

During the First and Second World Wars , the Beelitz Heilstätten served as a hospital and sanatorium for sick and wounded soldiers. Among the 17,500 convalescents who were accommodated in Beelitz between 1914 and 1918 were Private Adolf Hitler (October 9 to December 4, 1916) and Karl Neufeld .

In 1942, an alternative hospital for Potsdam was built south of the women's sanatorium according to plans by the architect Egon Eiermann . This was used as a civilian specialist clinic for lung diseases and tuberculosis from 1945 to 1998 and is now mainly used as a nursing home and by the academy for nursing professions.

During the Battle of Berlin in 1945, the approximately 3,000 wounded and the staff of the Beelitz Heilstätten were brought to regions further to the west by the Wenck Army .

After the end of the Second World War, in which some of the healing facilities were severely damaged, the site was taken over by the Red Army in 1945 . Until 1994 the sanatoriums served as the largest military hospital of the Soviet / Russian army abroad. It was also in December 1990, the whereabouts of at liver cancer diseased Erich Honecker before he and his wife Margot were flown on 13 March 1991 after Moscow.

Some buildings have since been renovated and new buildings have been added. A neurological rehabilitation clinic , a Parkinson's specialist hospital and a rehabilitation clinic for children were set up. A part near the train station was built with single-family houses.

As a result of the insolvency of the owner company in 2001, the further reuse of the remaining area has now stalled. The renovation of the monument was also largely stopped. A large part of the complex, which is well worth seeing, is now falling into disrepair and has been badly damaged by vandalism .

After years of stagnation and further deterioration, the creditor banks managed to find a buyer for the area in March 2008. Plans are currently underway for a new use in the original sense of health and living. For this purpose, the forest areas and the building areas were sold separately.

On September 11, 2015, the first treetop path in Brandenburg was opened on the site of the former women's lung sanatorium . It is 320 meters long, up to 23 meters high and crosses the tree-covered ruins of Building B IV, which burned out in 1945 - it was also called "Das Alpenhaus". Access is at a height of 21.6 meters from the third platform of the 40.5-meter-high observation tower , the top platform of which is 36 meters high. A second entrance is next to the Alpenhaus. A barrier-free access to the path is from the tower with an elevator. It is planned to expand the path to a tour.

In May 2016, renovation work began on the site of the former women's sanatorium. In the pavilion and in the old kitchen and laundry building, an investor has installed a so-called Creative Village under the name Refugium Beelitz-Heilstätten in the listed buildings . The studio and rental apartments are intended exclusively for creative professionals. The first apartments were ready for occupancy in 2017.

  • St. Joseph House

  • Interior of the sanatorium, 2005

  • Soviet monument

  • Heart of Surgery, 2011

  • South facade of the Alpen-Haus as seen from the treetop path, 2018

  • South facade of the surgery, 2018

  • Dining room in the Alpen-Haus, 2018

  • Lecture hall in the main laboratory, 2018

  • Tower of the thermal power station, 2018

  • Beelitz-Heilstätten, Men's Clinic, 2018

coat of arms

Beelitz-Heilstätten coat of arms
 Blazon : “In blue a silver-bordered, inflected green tip accompanied in front by an overturned golden key, beard outwards, and behind by a golden crescent moon turned to the left. Inside is an octagonal silver water tower emerging from the lower edge of the shield with a black windowed tower top on all sides with three oriels and a golden pointed roof with an onion-shaped windowed black spire. "
Justification for the coat of arms: The octagonal water tower, with its distinctive roof architecture, was depicted on a green background, symbolic of nature and forest. In the upper corners are a golden city key and also the crescent moon from the old Beelitz city coat of arms, shown in blue. The Beelitz-Heilstätten part of the municipality not only bears the name Beelitz in its own name, but also expresses the close relationship with the city of Beelitz. The color blue stands for the pure air and the historical development of Beelitz-Heilstätten as a climatic health resort.

The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Ismet Salahor from Frankfurt am Main and included in the German local coat of arms at the HEROLD on February 9, 2018 under the number 59BR.

Crimes and accidents

In 1991 a double murder occurred 800 meters from the sanatorium . The 34-year-old wife of a Soviet doctor at the clinic and their three-month-old baby were murdered by the serial killer Wolfgang Schmidt, who became known as the Rosa Riese . In 2008, a photographer who used the sanatorium as a backdrop murdered a photo model he had met on the Internet. In 2010 a 25-year-old man fell out of a window on the fourth floor and later succumbed to his injuries in a special clinic in Berlin. A few days later, a 32-year-old man was seriously injured when he fell down a four-meter-deep shaft. In 2011, a homeless man who had previously lived on the premises of the Beelitz Heilstätten for several years hanged himself in one of the buildings.

Use of the sanatorium as a backdrop

The mixture of unusual architecture and decay makes the sanatoriums an attractive backdrop for film productions . In addition to numerous television and student films , parts of Polański's The Pianist , Wolfgang Becker's Krankes Haus , Operation Walküre with Tom Cruise , Men & Chicken with Mads Mikkelsen , Gore Verbinski's A Cure for Wellness and other feature films were shot in the sanatoriums. The film Heilstätten from 2018 is set in Beelitz, but the owner refused a shooting permit, so the film was shot in the Heilstätte Grabowsee .

From December 17 to 19, 2011, the ruins of the sanatoriums served as the backdrop for a video shoot of the song Mein Herz brennt by the new German hardship band Rammstein , directed by Eugenio Recuenco . A re-shoot, now directed by Zoran Bihać , took place again on June 12, 2012 in Beelitz.

Facilities

Transport links

Documentation

  • Eva Röger, Lutz Pensioner, Frank Otto Sperlich: Beelitz-Heilstätten . TV documentary from the series “ Mysterious Places” (episode 33), RBB 2010, 45 min.

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors
  • Claus-Ulrich Bielefeld: The brief breath of history. Beelitz-Heilstätten, once the largest lung sanatorium in the world, is now a monument to medical history. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . January 25, 2007, p. 48.
  • Andreas Böttger, Andreas Jüttemann, Irene Krause: Beelitz-Heilstätten. From a sanatorium to an excursion destination. Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-946438-00-7 .
  • Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation (Ed.): The Beelitzer Heilstätten . Potsdamer Verlag-Buchhandlung, Potsdam 1997, ISBN 3-910196-27-6 .
  • Martin Hellbach: The gardens and parks of the Beelitzer Heilstätten. Origin - design - perspectives. In: The garden art . Volume 23, No. 1, 2011, pp. 71-90.
  • Andreas Jüttemann: The Prussian lung sanatorium. Pabst, Lengerich 2016, ISBN 978-3-95853-138-3 .
  • Landesversicherungsanstalt Berlin (Ed.): The workers' sanatoriums of the Landes-Versicherungsanstalt Berlin near Beelitz . Berlin 1902.
  • Landesversicherungsanstalt Berlin (ed.): The sanatoriums of the Landesversicherungsanstalt Berlin near Beelitz i / Mark = memorandum published by the Landesversicherungsanstalt Berlin on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the sanatorium. Wasmuth, Berlin 1927.
  • Marc Mielzarjewicz: Lost Places Beelitz-Heilstätten . Mitteldeutscher Verlag , Halle / S. 2010, ISBN 978-3-89812-652-6 .
  • Fritz Schulz: The sanatoriums and the new tuberculosis hospital in Beelitz. In: Heinrich Weigand (Ed.): Von Deutschem Schaffen. Volume 1, Cologne 1931.
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: Ars Topiaria - The story of the cut tree. In: The garden art. Volume 1, No. 1, 1989, pp. 20-32.
  • Siegfried Wollin: The Beelitzer Heilstätten. In: The Mark Brandenburg. Issue 89, Berlin 2013, pp. 18-25.

Web links

Commons : Beelitz-Heilstätten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population statistics . In: Beelitzer Nachrichten. Volume 26, No. 3, March 2015, p. 9. (yumpu.com)
  2. ^ Garden inspector Harry Maasz. In: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 32, No. 21, Issue of October 21, 1922, pp. 81–84.
  3. ↑ Beelitz-Heilstätten: Tradition meets future. ( Memento from May 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) on beelitz.de
  4. ↑ Height information according to the construction drawing on the information board on the tower
  5. ↑ Start | Tree and time. Retrieved October 26, 2018 .
  6. ↑ refugium-beelitz.de: website of the investor, accessed on November 13, 2016.
  7. ↑ Start of construction in fairytale land . In: Potsdam's latest news. , April 29, 2016.
  8. ↑ Information on the local coat of arms received directly from the coat of arms designer
  9. ↑ Julia Jüttner: Murder in the Gothic scene: "Something got out of hand" . In: Spiegel Online . January 22, 2009 ( spiegel.de [accessed November 5, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Died after falling into a window . In: Potsdam's latest news . June 2, 2010, accessed February 27, 2018.
  11. ↑ Another serious accident in sanatoriums, 32-year-old fell into a shaft . In: Potsdam Latest News , June 14, 2010, accessed on February 27, 2018.
  12. ↑ The homeless man hanged himself in sanatoriums. pnn.de
  13. ↑ Enrico Bellin: Beelitz fears new horror tourism. In: Der Tagesspiegel . January 6, 2018, accessed January 6, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Shooting for a horror film at Grabowsee. In: moz.de . March 2, 2017, accessed August 6, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Video premiere of My Heart Burns. universal-music.de, December 14, 2012.
  16. ↑ Universal Music: DVD Rammstein Videos 1995–2012 , 2012, DVD 3: Making-of My Heart Burns
  17. ↑ rammstein.de: History: My heart burns explicit version video. accessed on August 5, 2017.
  18. ↑ Maria Ganescu, www cnk de m.ganescu@cnk.de: NOAHFILM GbR Film and television production: Filmography: Features & Documentations. Retrieved September 12, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Mysterious Places. Retrieved September 12, 2019 .