Margot Honecker

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Margot Honecker (1986)

Margot Honecker (born Feist ; * 17th April 1927 in Halle an der Saale , † 6. May 2016 in Santiago de Chile ) was from 1963 to 1989 Minister of National Education of the GDR . She was the third wife of Erich Honecker . After the end of the GDR, she and her husband fled to Moscow , and in 1992 the Chilean government granted her asylum . She lived in a suburb of Santiago de Chile until her death.

Life

Margot Feist (1949)

Youth and education

Margot Feist was born on April 17, 1927 as the daughter of the shoemaker Gotthard Feist (1906–1993) and the mattress factory worker Helene in the Glaucha district in Halle (Saale). The parents belonged to the KPD , for which they were illegally involved after 1933. Her father Gotthard Feist was imprisoned in the Lichtenburg concentration camp , in the Halle prison and from 1937 to 1939 in the Buchenwald concentration camp . The Feists' apartment at Torstrasse 36 in Halle was one of three contact points for couriers and material from the KPD section leadership from Prague until 1938 . Her mother, Lene Feist, died in 1940 when Margot became a half- orphan just 13 years old . She graduated from elementary school and from 1938 to 1945 was a member of the Bund Deutscher Mädel , the female branch of the Hitler Youth. She did an apprenticeship as a commercial clerk and then worked as a telephone operator and stenographer . Her brother, Manfred Feist , was from 1966 to 1989 head of the department for foreign information at the Central Committee of the SED (ZK).

family

Margot Feist, who was then 22 years old, met her future husband Erich Honecker in her function as the newly appointed chairwoman of the pioneer organization Ernst Thälmann in December 1949 on a trip by the official GDR delegation to Moscow on the occasion of the official celebrations for the 70th birthday of the Soviet dictator Josef To know Stalin better. The chairman of the only approved youth organization in the GDR, the FDJ, who was newly married to the deputy FDJ chairman Edith Baumann , began an affair there with the much younger FDJ functionary, whom he already had from her work in the FDJ parliamentary group of the German People's Council and the Known Provisional People's Chamber and tried to keep this liaison secret. When the relationship became known, Honecker's wife called on SED General Secretary Walter Ulbricht to speak a word of power . Initially, however, this illegitimate association was tolerated by the party leadership. After Feist and Honecker's wild marriage for a few years, when their daughter Sonja was born on December 1, 1952, Ulbricht urged the FDJ chairman, who was also a candidate for the SED Politburo at the time, to divorce Edith Baumann. Honecker followed this so as not to endanger his party career. Since the love affair between Feist and Honecker was not well received by the party leadership because it did not correspond to their ideal of socialist people, both were assigned to the Moscow Komsomol College for one year each . For this stay abroad in 1953/54 Margot Honecker had to leave her eight-month-old daughter behind in Berlin. The marriage with Honecker took place according to official information in 1953, according to the literary scholar Ed Stuhler only in 1955. The wedding date 1953 was due to a manipulation of the files. According to Helga Labs , Margot Honecker dominated the marriage: "She was the more intelligent and determined the line - in marriage as in politics."

The marriage had been broken since the 1970s and the couple were considered separated for the last 20 years before the fall of the Berlin Wall ; but for the sake of appearances, the two stayed together until Erich Honecker's death in 1994.

Political career in the SED

Margot Honecker and Samora Moisés Machel , President of the then VR Mozambique (1983)
Margot Honecker during the speech on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the PH Potsdam (1988)

In 1945 Margot Feist joined the KPD. With the compulsory unification of the SPD and KPD , she became a member of the SED in 1946 and worked as a stenographer for the FDGB state board of Saxony-Anhalt.

At the age of 19 she completed her first FDJ courses; In 1946 she became a member of the secretariat of the FDJ district committee in Halle and FDJ secretary for agitation and propaganda . In 1948 she was head of the department for culture and education as well as secretary for culture and education in the FDJ state executive committee for Saxony-Anhalt . In 1949 she was secretary of the central council of the FDJ and chairwoman of the pioneer organization Ernst Thälmann . At 21, she was one of the youngest members of the German People's Congress . After the founding assembly of the GDR, she was a member of the People's Chamber of the GDR from 1949 .

In 1954, at Walter Ulbricht's request, she came to the Ministry of National Education (MfV), where she headed the organization department in the field of teacher training. With a new wave of ideology, measures were introduced in popular education and the educational sciences with which the reform efforts and liberalization trends that had emerged since the mid-1950s were to be stifled. As a result, State Secretary Fritz Lange and Minister Hans-Joachim Laabs were replaced on charges of “ revisionism ” and “dogmatism”, and Alfred Lemmnitz was given the ministerial post . Margot Honecker was promoted to deputy minister of the MfV, and as a result, people from the party and FDJ apparatus got into management positions in the ministry who lacked specialist knowledge. In 1963 Lemmnitz vacated the ministerial chair, and she became and remained Minister for Popular Education until 1989. From 1963, her leadership staff consisted exclusively of SED members, above all State Secretary Werner Lorenz , whom she brought to Berlin from Karl-Marx-Stadt and whom the reputation preceded , " To be her husband for the rough and liaison with the Stasi ". From 1963 she turned the education system in the GDR ideologically upside down in line with the orthodox doctrine of real socialism by introducing a comprehensive uniform school system consisting of polytechnical and extended secondary schools . Honecker was primarily responsible for the fact that children whose parents had been imprisoned for “ illegally crossing the border ” or for “espionage” were often given up for forced adoption without their parents' consent . She often forwarded complaints to her ministry directly to the MfS .

As the newly appointed Minister of Education, Margot Honecker took neither the Central Committee's popular education department, as the supreme supervisory authority for the SED's education policy, nor its head Lothar Oppermann very seriously. Her husband's rise to power in May 1971 finally brought her an increase in power and authority that far exceeded her powers as a minister. This made her educational policy decisions almost unassailable. The department head Oppermann repeatedly complained to her and criticized her autocratic management style, which, however, let her pass. Since taking office in 1963 she had worked hard to reduce and completely prevent any influence on the school system on the part of the Central Committee secretary responsible for education, Kurt Hager . Ultimately, Margot Honecker managed to make popular education the only department in which a ministry had priority over the associated Central Committee department and even its Central Committee secretary. She distrusted everything Westerners, but also members in her own ranks, had reservations about the "bourgeois" sciences , stifled risk-averse new developments in the bud and suspiciously avoided necessary changes in order to maintain the status quo . According to historians, under her leadership the Ministry of Popular Education developed into the last stronghold of late Stalinism . The historian Jürgen Kuczynski expressed in relation to rumored controversies to what extent she could significantly influence her husband politically: "She was smarter than him, but a beast".

In a system of special youth welfare homes , in which young people were to be transformed into socialist personalities through military drill and a sophisticated system of praise and punishment in tightly organized youth work centers by means of political-ideological collective and work education , the only closed youth work center (GJWH) was in Torgau is solely accountable to the Margot Honeckers Ministry. In this penitentiary-like “re-education institution”, unadjusted, behavioral and politically resistant youngsters were harassed by daily appeals, drills and punishments. The GJWH was a prison-like disciplinary institution, practically free of fundamental rights, in which teenagers were arbitrarily and without a corresponding criminal sentence forcibly detained and imprisoned in order to force them to obey without contradiction through psychological terror, physical violence and solitary confinement.

In 1978, despite strong protests, especially from the church and from many parents, she introduced military instruction for 9th and 10th grade students, which included paramilitary training on weapons. Pupils who expressed themselves critical of this military instruction were subject to repression . Honecker awarded the GDR, which was very generous with awards, with the Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold (1964) and the Karl Marx Order (1977 and 1987). The Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland) awarded her an honorary doctorate (Dr. h. C.) On January 18, 1974 .

In church circles, Margot Honecker was considered even more fanatical than her husband. She ignored several requests from bishops for talks - for example about the compulsion to politically instrumentalized youth consecration , the conditions in the youth work yards and military instruction in schools.

Bundestag Vice- President Wolfgang Thierse described Margot Honecker in 2012 as the most hated person in the GDR regime, alongside Stasi chief Mielke . Since she had only attended elementary school, her function as Minister of Public Education earned her the nickname " Miss Education ". Many GDR citizens were opposed to her and used nicknames that alluded to her (since the 1970s) purple hair: "Blue Eminence", "Blue Wonder" or "Purple Dragon" or "Purple Witch".

Perestroika

Margot Honecker did not agree with the perestroika process initiated by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986 to reorganize and modernize the frozen social, political and economic system of the Soviet Union and the associated lifting of restrictions on freedom of expression and freedom of the press (see: Glasnost ) and the democratization in the Soviet Union, which was followed by the introduction of the first elements of the market economy . For Honecker, the freedom of speech, press and information aimed at by Big Brother was unbearable; she dubbed Sputnik , the foreign journal of the Soviet Union, because of its critical reporting as a “sausage paper” that should be banned.

In December 1988, the postal distribution of the German-language edition of the Sputnik magazine was stopped due to many revelations about the Stalin era. Margot Honecker had a particular aversion to Raisa Gorbacheva , which is why she avoided attending events where she could have met her. When GDR citizens fled en masse to the West via Hungary in the summer of 1989 , she insulted the Hungarians: “They betrayed the entire socialist camp. They were never to be trusted. ”She commented on the mass exodus:“ I don't understand. Are the people that stupid? They learned what capitalism means in school. ”She described the Polish trade union movement Solidarność , which later turned against the ruling regime in a popular movement and played a decisive role in the political transition process in Poland from communist power to a democratic republic between 1980 and 1989 as a gang of criminals . She regarded the chairman of the Polish trade unionists, Lech Wałęsa , who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 , as an outspoken traitor.

resignation

At the end of 1989 she was called to account in the Volkskammer before a committee in which she was accused: "Over decades, she had reduced the factual honesty and educational responsibility of the approximately 300,000 GDR teachers and undermined every creative attitude of the students". After her husband was forced to resign in the Politburo, she resigned from office two days later, on October 20, 1989. Her husband was expelled from the SED on December 3, 1989. She resigned on February 4, 1990 from the SED, which was renamed PDS.

After the functionaries' settlement near Wandlitz , which was surrounded by a concrete security wall and where the Honeckers and the members of the SED Central Committee had lived for decades, was dissolved on January 31, 1990, the Honeckers were offered a Berlin rental apartment. However, they turned down the offer, as did other accommodations that were considered as objects of asylum, as they did not offer sufficient security from the anger of the people. In order to avert the threat of homelessness, Honecker's lawyer Wolfgang Vogel turned to the church leadership for help around the turn of the year 1989/90, which referred to Uwe Holmer , the head of the diaconal hope valley institutions in Lobetal , where Friedrich von Bodelschwingh the Elder established a workers' colony in 1905 built for the homeless . Since all the places were occupied, Pastor Holmer, after Erich Honecker's brief arrest at the end of January 1990, granted the couple ten weeks of accommodation in his parsonage. Due to bomb threats, telephone terrorism and when demonstrators threatened to storm the rectory, the Honeckers have meanwhile been assigned a place in the government guest house in Lindow near Neuruppin, where they were almost lynched by an angry crowd . Finally, on April 3, 1990, they were given shelter in the central military hospital of the Soviet armed forces in Germany in Beelitz .

Prosecution

After the peaceful revolution in the GDR , there were criminal charges against Margot Honecker, accusing them of having ordered the forced adoptions of children of those affected in cases of imprisonment of politically unpleasant people or in the event of flight from the republic , separated the children from their parents against their will and passed them on to strangers for adoption .

In 1993 there were also criminal charges against Margot Honecker by members of the Bundestag of the SPD around Stephan Hilsberg and Margot von Renesse because of the inhuman conditions in the youth work yards of the GDR, here especially because of the only closed youth work yard of the GDR in Torgau (Saxony). Criminal complaints from former inmates of the GJWH Torgau were issued promptly. Since some of her acts were statute-barred because they were not reported within a few months after the end of the SED regime, and because she had escaped the access of the German judiciary by fleeing, Margot Honecker was unable to attend because of the forced adoptions of the children of regime critics and refugees never be held criminally responsible. The investigative proceedings were discontinued by the Central Investigation Agency for Government and Association Crime in the spring of 1994. On June 14, 1999, she lost a lawsuit against the Federal Republic of Germany in which, as a widow, she sued for the surrender of the confiscated property of the married couple of around 235,000 GDR marks (inflation-adjusted for 2019: 100,226 euros). The assets of the GDR state and party leader Erich Honecker were legally confiscated in 1990 because Erich Honecker had wrongly acquired them by taking advantage of his position.

Escape to Moscow and Chile

After Erich Honecker's arrest warrant was issued again in December 1990, the two were flown from Sperenberg airfield to Moscow in March 1991 . Fearing extradition to Germany, they fled to the Chilean embassy there in August 1991. Erich Honecker was extradited to Germany in July 1992 and put on trial in Berlin; Margot Honecker traveled on to Santiago de Chile to the family of her daughter Sonja Yáñez Betancourt, b. Honecker, who lived there with her then Chilean husband Leo Yáñez Betancourt and their son Roberto Yáñez Betancourt y Honecker . After his trial was terminated and his release from German custody in January 1993, her husband, who was already seriously ill, followed her to Chile, where he died of liver cancer on May 29, 1994 at the age of 81.

Margot Honecker lived in a house in La Reina, a district in the east of Santiago de Chile, with her grandson. She received a monthly pension of around 1,500 euros including a widow's pension from the German state for her ministerial work in the GDR, which she described as "outrageously little".

From Chile, Honecker traveled abroad several times on official invitations. In 2005, she took part in the celebrations for the 15th anniversary of Namibia's independence in Windhoek , at which the second President of the country Hifikepunye Pohamba was inaugurated, and sat in the front row of the guests of honor. On July 19, 2008, on the occasion of the 29th anniversary of the Sandinista revolution, she was in Nicaragua's capital, Managua, and on behalf of her husband, she received the order for cultural independence " Rubén Darío " from President Daniel Ortega . In April 2011, she took part in the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the crackdown on the Bay of Pigs in Havana as the guest of honor of the Cuban government and stood at the side of President Raúl Castro during the military parade .

In October 2009 a video appeared on the Internet in which she and a few other people celebrated the 60th anniversary of the founding of the GDR. In her book Zur Volksbildung , published in 2012 . Conversation / Margot Honecker tried to justify the fact that school children in the GDR practiced hand grenade throwing in class and trained with small- bore rifles in the ninth grade in military camps . These exercises were indispensable for the later national defense. However, there was no militarization of the school in the GDR. Honecker also said that in civic education classes in the GDR only "imparting facts to develop viewpoints" and "no agitation, no indoctrination" took place. Education bans for those who think differently, who were not allowed to take a high school diploma despite good grades or were expelled from the universities, were, according to her, only "isolated cases". The purpose of popular education was not to raise children and young people "to be opponents of socialism, but to become active supporters and creators".

In April 2012, the documentary Der Sturz - Honeckers Ende by Eric Friedler was broadcast on Erste , which contained longer passages from three interviews conducted with Margot Honecker in autumn 2011. Here she defended socialism and state security as a necessity to protect it and stated that there should have been no wall dead (“They didn't have to climb over the wall to pay for this stupidity with their lives”). She called the traumatized victims of the youth work centers “paid bandits”. She said that the GDR did not exist for free and that a germ had been planted with it that would eventually sprout.

Margot Honecker was an honorary member of the KPD . She died of cancer on May 6, 2016 at the age of 89 in Santiago de Chile.

Posthumous evaluation

Victims' associations criticized that Margot Honecker had stubbornly defended the GDR's injustice state and the building of the Wall until her death and that she was never prosecuted for her actions as GDR Minister for Popular Education. Roland Jahn , the federal commissioner for the Stasi files , called for an investigation of her actions in order to come to terms with the injustice in the GDR, also taking into account the "popular education" she initiated. Jahn criticized that Margot Honecker, as a minister, had destroyed families through her re-education and coercive measures: "She damaged biographies and deprived people of self-determination." suffer from it. According to the director of the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial , Hubertus Knabe , Margot Honecker was one of the SED comrades who protested against criticism of their own actions until their last breath. The German publisher Frank Schumann , who worked as a Stasi courier in the GDR and who had been friends with Honecker for a long time and ideologically on the same wavelength, posthumously published a book with e-mail correspondence because he also wanted to show her private side. In his foreword he writes that she was “no more a pillar saint than a demon, not a fury and not a tyrant”, that they were “phantasms of demagogues”.

Publications

  • The 1965 National Economic Plan and the tasks in the field of education. Dietz, Berlin 1964
  • On the party's educational policy. Berlin 1969
  • The school policy of the SED and the other tasks in shaping the socialist education system. Halle / Saale 1971
  • On some questions of the party's education policy after the 8th party congress of the SED. Berlin 1972
  • On some questions of communist education from the point of view of the resolutions of the IX. Party congress of the SED. Berlin 1976
  • The social mission of our school. Dietz, Berlin 1978
  • The tasks of popular education in preparation for the 10th party congress of the SED. Magdeburg 1980
  • Formation of universally developed personalities - high demands on socialist society. Cottbus 1980
  • The Marxist-Leninist school policy of our party and its implementation under our current social conditions. Berlin 1985
  • On educational policy and pedagogy in the German Democratic Republic. Selected speeches and writings. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1986
  • Our socialist education system. Changes, successes, new horizons. Berlin 1989
  • For popular education. Conversation / Margot Honecker. Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-360-02145-8

literature

Movies

  • Thomas Grimm : Honeckers Flucht - with Thomas Kunze , Das Erste, 45 min, 2002.
  • Thomas Grimm: Margot Honecker also lives here. On the German trail through Chile, MDR, 30 min, 2002.
  • Thomas Grimm: The Honeckers private - MDR television, 45 min, 2003.
  • Thomas Grimm: Honecker's grandson Roberto. A return to Germany - MDR television, 90 min, 2013.
  • Thomas Grimm: Margot Honecker - The true story - as co-author with Mario Sporn - ZDF-History, 45 min, 2015.
  • Thomas Grimm: Die Honeckers - Die private Geschichte - as co-author with Mario Sporn - ZDF-History, 45 min, 2017.
  • Thomas Grimm: Honecker's Last Journey - with Thomas Kunze , MDR TV, 90 min, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Margot Honecker  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Died . In: Der Spiegel . No. 20 , 2016 ( online ).
  2. ↑ Jens Steffenhagen: Exile in Chile: The wall in the head of Margot Honecker. In: welt.de . October 30, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2017 .
  3. ↑ International Biographical Archive 26/2007 of June 30, 2007 - here related to her brother
  4. ↑ Karl-Heinz Leidigkeit (among others): Against fascism and war - The KPD in the Halle-Merseburg district 1933 to 1945 . Halle (Saale) 1983, pp. 112, 274 f., 307, 314.
  5. ↑ According to Der Sturz - Honecker's End , he was imprisoned for a total of five years until the spring of 1939
  6. ↑ Karl-Heinz Leidigkeit (among others): Against fascism and war - The KPD in the Halle-Merseburg district 1933 to 1945 . Halle (Saale) 1983, p. 146.
  7. ↑ Monika Kaiser, Helmut Müller-Enbergs :  Honecker, Margot . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  8. ↑ a b Chronicle of the turning point: Margot Honecker. chronik-der-wende.de from Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg RBB.
  9. ↑ Manfred Feist. Margot Honecker's brother died at the age of 82. Welt Online , January 7, 2013.
  10. ↑ Ed Stuhler: Margot Honecker. A biography. Ueberreuter, Vienna 2003, pp. 57, 156.
  11. ↑ a b joh: 80th birthday - Margot Honecker wishes peace in Germany. In: Spiegel online . April 17, 2007, accessed May 8, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Obituary. Margot Honecker - determined, uncompromising, feared. ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. mdr.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mdr.de
  13. ↑ Margot Honecker - the steel-hard woman. Der Tagesspiegel , May 6, 2016.
  14. ↑ a b c d Margot Honecker. Biography. In: Website of Frauen-Biographieforschung e. V. FemBio e. V., accessed on October 12, 2012 (with further links to Internet and press articles).
  15. ^ Until the very end, Margot Honecker remained loyal to the GDR. In: The world . May 7, 2016.
  16. ↑ Tina Kwiatkowski-Celofiga: Persecuted Students: Causes and Consequences of Discrimination in the School System of the GDR. Vol. 54. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014, pp. 85, 91.
  17. ↑ Die Tagespost: Kneeling before Margot Honecker. February 21, 2020, accessed March 7, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Andreas Malycha: The SED in the Honecker era: Power structures, decision-making mechanisms and areas of conflict in the state party 1971 to 1989. Vol. 102. Walter de Gruyter, 2014, p. 86 f.
  19. ↑ Tina Kwiatkowski-Celofiga: Persecuted Students: Causes and Consequences of Discrimination in the School System of the GDR. Vol. 54. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014, p. 86.
  20. ↑ Thomas Kunze, Thomas Vogel: Ostalgie international: memories of the GDR from Nicaragua to Vietnam. Ch.links Verlag, 2010, p. 29.
  21. ^ Daniel Krausz: Jugendwerkhöfe in the GDR. The closed youth work center Torgau. Diplomica Verlag, Hamburg 2010, p. 43 ff.
  22. ↑ a b Portrait: Margot Honecker. In: The first . ARD, accessed on October 12, 2012 .
  23. ↑ a b shelter for former head of state. Honecker ante portas. In: FAZ.net . May 10, 2016.
  24. ^ Criticism after ARD documentary - Margot Honecker's TV appearance causes horror. In: Focus . April 4, 2012, Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
  25. ^ Sven Felix Kellerhoff: The most hated woman in the GDR. In: Welt Online . April 16, 2007, accessed October 12, 2012 .
  26. ↑ Andreas Herbst (eds.), Winfried Ranke, Jürgen Winkler: This is how the GDR worked. Volume 1: Lexicon of organizations and institutions, departmental union management , League for Friendship between Nations (= rororo-Handbuch. Vol. 6348). Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-499-16348-9 , p. 290.
  27. ↑ Margot Honecker. The death of the stubborn widow. In: Spiegel Online . May 6, 2016.
  28. ↑ joh: 80th birthday - Margot Honecker wishes Germany peace. In: Spiegel online . April 17, 2007, accessed October 12, 2012 .
  29. ^ A b Farewell to Margot Honecker . Zeit Online , May 8, 2016.
  30. ↑ The most hated woman in the GDR . Welt Online , April 16, 2007.
  31. ↑ No money for Honecker widow. Assets of the GDR head of state lawfully confiscated. archiv.rhein-zeitung.de
  32. ↑ a b Wolfram Eilenberger: Margot's world. In: Cicero. November 29, 2006, accessed October 12, 2012 .
  33. ↑ Margot Honecker finds 1500 euros pension "outrageous". In: welt.de . April 2, 2012, accessed May 6, 2016 .
  34. ↑ Thomas Kunze, Markus Rosenberger: "Long live socialism!" Margot Honecker as a symbolic figure in Chile, Nicaragua and Namibia . In: Thomas Kunze, Thomas Vogel (ed.): Ostalgie international. Memories of the GDR from Nicaragua to Vietnam . Ch.links, Berlin 2010, p. 27–43 (here p. 40 f.) ( online at Google Books ).
  35. ↑ 50 years Bay of Pigs: Margot Honecker celebrates with Cuba's communists. In: Focus Online . April 17, 2011, accessed May 10, 2016 .
  36. ^ Margot Honecker praises the GDR on YouTube. In: Spiegel Online . October 30, 2009, accessed April 17, 2011 .
  37. ^ Widow of the former GDR state council chairman: Margot Honecker has no regrets. In: RP Online . February 15, 2012, accessed October 12, 2012 .
  38. ↑ Michael Hanfeld: They didn't have to climb over the wall. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine . March 29, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
  39. ↑ TV documentary: Margot Honecker blames victims of the Wall. In: Spiegel Online . March 30, 2012, Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
  40. ↑ ARD documentation - "Frau Honecker shows no regrets" on tagesschau.de
  41. ↑ Comrade Margot Honecker has died. kpd-online.de.
  42. ↑ Honecker wrote mails to distant Germany. thueringer-allgemeine.de 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Honecker, Margot
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Feist, Margot (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SED), MdV and Minister for Popular Education of the GDR
DATE OF BIRTH April 17, 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH Hall
DATE OF DEATH May 6, 2016
Place of death Santiago de Chile