Rail transport in Chosen
The article Rail transport in Chōsen deals with rail transport in the time when Korea was under the name of Chōsen under Japanese rule (1910 to 1945/48). The railway lines built during this time also form the majority and the basic structure of today's rail network in North and South Korea . Due to the use of American cars and rail material , the standard gauge was introduced in Chōsen and Korea.
prehistory
A few railroads were built in the time of the Joseon Dynasty (until 1897) and the Korean Empire (1897 to 1910) or during the time when Korea was a protectorate of Japan (1905 to 1910). In 1896, a concession was granted by the Korean King Gojong to the American businessman James R. Morse of the "American Trading Co" based in Yokohama . This allowed the construction of a line from Chemulpo to Hanseong . The Japanese company "The Seoul-Chemulpo Railway Syndicate" acquired ownership of the railway at the end of 1899, which was completed by 1897 on the 30 km Chemulpo- Noriangdschin section . The new owner completed the remaining 9 km of the route to Hanseong by 1900. Just four years later, on February 25, 1903, the line was bought by the Hanseong-Busan Railway Company. This railway was mainly used for passenger transport , especially since the Han River , which was navigable to Hanseong, was available for freight .
Another concession was granted in the same year to the French company Fives-Lille for the route from Hanseong to Sinŭiju . In the absence of sufficient financial resources, the work did not begin until 1902, but only about 10 km of the substructure were built without a rail layer. The concession was eventually returned to the imperial government. The Japanese army command, which wanted to carry out its troop transports safely by land, took over the completion of the line immediately after the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and managed to make the line temporarily operational by 1905 at a cost of 20 million yen .
In 1898 the Korean Emperor Gojong awarded a final concession for the line from Hanseong to Busan to the Japanese "Keifu Railway Co.".
Rail transport in Chosen
In 1910 Korea became part of the Japanese Empire under the name Chosen . The railway lines built at that time still form the majority and the basic structure of today's rail network in North and South Korea .
Transition to the state railway
After the Japanese government bought the Korean routes in 1906, they were managed by the Japanese State Railways . From October 1, 1910, the railways were under the Japanese General Government Chosen.
Under the Japanese administration, the line from Keijō to Genzan and the line from Taiden to Mokupo were built in 1914 .
In a twelve-year plan in 1927, the expansion of the rail network was determined and the corresponding funds were made available by the Japanese Reichstag . In 1941 further railway construction was stopped during the Second World War .
Private railways
The construction of branch lines was left to private railways . To this end, a law for construction, operation and monitoring was passed in 1912, whereby the branch lines were only allowed to be narrow-gauge .
From 1920 on all new lines could only be built in standard gauge . With this law steam and electric propulsion were also codified.
The number of private railway companies rose from seven (1927) to twelve (1936), these were financed in many cases with the help of the Chōsen Ginkō .
Rail network
The rail network consisted of main lines of the state railway (SB), from which branch lines branched off, which were operated by the state railway (SB) or by private railways (PB). The South Manchurian Railway (SMB) operated two lines in the northeast of Chōsen .
The sorting of the following route list is based on the work of W. Paschen (1940) and reflects the status of 1936. In the table of the rail network, the current Korean names were used in the first line and the Japanese names in the second line, since most literature uses this notation. If Japanese names could not be clearly assigned to Korean places, these place names are written in italics.
Keifu line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gyeongbuseon Keifu Line |
Seoul - Busan Keijō - Fusan |
SB | 450 km | Construction: 1902 - 1904 Opening Nov. 1905 for general traffic |
Gyeonginseon Keijin Line |
Seoul , Yeongdeungpo - Incheon Yeitoho - Jinsen |
SB | 31 km | Construction: 1897 - 1900 Opening July 8, 1900 for the entire route |
|
Incheon - Jinsen - Rejshu |
PB | ||
Anseongseon Anjō Line |
Cheonan - Anseong Tenan - Anjō |
PB | ||
Janghangseon |
Cheonan - Janghang Tenan - Choko |
PB | ||
|
Jochiwon Bf. - Chungju Bf. Chochiin - Chushu |
PB | ||
Gyeongbukseon |
Gimcheon - Kinsen - Gijo |
PB |
Keigi line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gyeonguiseon Keigi Line |
Seoul Central Station - Sinŭiju Central Station . Keijo - Gischu |
SB | 496.7 km | Construction: March 1904 - April 1905 in narrow gauge. Opening Nov. 1, 1911 completely in standard gauge |
Yongsanseon Ryuzan Line |
Yongsan Bf. - Ryuzan - Tojiho |
SB | 7 km | |
Shinchon connection line | Sogang Station - Shinchon Station Seiko - Shinson |
SB | 1.6 km | dismantled on Aug. 15, 1975 |
Songnimseon Kenjiho Line |
Hwangju Bf -. Songnim Bf. Koshu - Songnim |
SB | 13.1 km | Opening: April 1, 1908 |
Pyeongdeokseon Heijo Mine Railway |
Daedonggang Bf. - Sunghori Bf. Daidoko - Shokori |
SB | 23.3 km | First opening: Sep 1 1911 Second opening: May 5, 1918 |
Pyeongnamseon Heinan Line |
P'yŏngyang Main Station - Namp'o Main Station . Heijo - Chinnampo |
SB | 55.2 km | Construction: Aug. 1909 - Oct. 1910 |
Bakcheonseon Hakusen Line |
Maengjungni station - Bakcheon station Mochuri - Hakusen |
SB | 9.3 km | Opening: December 10, 1926 |
Kanganseon Shingishu line |
Sinŭiju Central Station - Sinŭiju -Kangan Shingishu Station - Shingishu Freight Station |
SB | 1.8 km | Opening: Nov. 1, 1911 |
Konan line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Honamseon Konan line |
Daejeon - Mokpo Taiden - Moppo |
SB | 260 km | Opening Jan. 11, 1914 |
Kunsan line |
Iksan - Gunsan Riri - Kunsan |
SB | 25 km | Opening autumn 1912 |
Keizen line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
construction time |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gyeongjeonseon South Keizen Line |
Samnangjin - Jinju Sanroshin - Shinshu |
SB | 110 km | Construction by Masan from Aug. 1904 to May 1905, new construction 1907 - 1909 |
Jinhaeseon Chinkai line |
Changwon - Jinhae Shogen - Chinkai |
SB | 20 km | |
Jeollaseon North Keizen Line |
Iksan - Riri - Yaho |
SB | 106 km | |
Koshu line |
Gwangju - Damyang Koshu - Tanyo |
SB | 22 km |
Tokai line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Donghaenambuseon Tokai South Line |
Busan Busanjin train station - Ulsan central station. Fusanshin - Urusan |
SB | 73.0 km | Opening: December 16, 1921 |
Donghaejungbuseon Tokai axis |
Daegu Daegu Station - Pohang Haksan Station Taikyu - Kakusan |
SB | 107.4 km | Construction: 1917 - 1919 Opening: June 27, 1919 |
Donghaenambuseon Tokai axis |
Gyeongju Bf -. Ulsan main station. Keishu - Urusan |
SB | 39.3 km | Opening: Oct. 25, 1921 |
Donghaebukbuseon Tokai North Line |
Anbyeon train station - Ganseong train station Ambe - Kanjo |
SB | 150.7 km | Construction: 1929 - 1935 Opening: Nov. 1, 1935 |
Keigen line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gyeongwonseon Keigen Line |
Seoul , Yongsan - Wonsan Central Station. Keijo - Gensan |
SB | 223.7 km | Construction: 1911 - 1914 Opening: Aug. 21, 1914 |
Heigen line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pyeongwonseon Heigen Line |
Pyongyang , Seopo Bf. - Yangdeok Bf. Seiho - Yodoku |
SB | 123.9 km | Construction: 1926 - 1936 Opening: Nov. 1, 1936 |
Kankyo line
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hamgyeongseon Kankyo Lineage |
Wonsan central station - Chongjin Suseong station Gensan - Yujo |
SB | 532.8 km | Construction: 1914 - 1928 Opening: 1 Sep. 1928 |
Cheonnaeseon Sennairi line |
Ryongdam Bf. - Cheonnae Bf. Ryutan - Sennairi |
SB | 4.4 km | Opening: Nov. 1, 1927 |
Bukcheongseon Hokusei Line |
Sinbukcheong train station - Bukcheong central station. Sinhokusei - Hokusei |
SB | 9.4 km | Opening: Sep 20 1929 |
Riwoncheolsanseon Tetsusan Line |
Rahung Bf. - Riwoncheolsan Bf. Rako - Rigentetsusan |
SB | 3.0 km | Opening: Sep 20 1929 |
Chahoseon Shako line |
Jungsan Bf. - Chaho Bf. Sosan - Shako |
SB | 4.9 km | Opening: Sep 20 1929 |
Other main lines
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Manposeon Mampo line |
Suncheon Bf. - Hwaam Bf. Junsen - Jensen |
SB | 203.1 km | Construction: 1918 - 1936 Opening: Dec. 1, 1936 |
Gaecheonseon Keisen Line |
Sinanju Bf. - Gaecheon Bf. Shinanshu - Kaisen |
SB | 29.5 km | Construction: 1916-1918 |
Ryongamseon Ryuto Line |
Gujang Central Station - Ryongam Kyujo Station - Ryuto |
SB | 7.4 km | Opening: April 1, 1934 |
Baekdusan Youth Lineage Keisan Lineage |
Gilju Central Station - Unhung, Kisshu station - Hotori |
SB | 99.7 km | Construction: 1933 - 1935 Opening: Sep 1. 1935 |
Baengmuseon Hakumo Line |
Baegam Station - Yupyeongdong Hakugan - Yuheidou |
SB | 100.5 km | Construction: 1934 - 1936 Opening: Oct. 16, 1936 |
South Manchurian Railway Company
Name of the line | route | Art | Route length |
---|---|---|---|
Hamgyeongseon Kankyo Lineage |
Chongjin Suseong train station - Hoeryeong Hbf. Yujo - Kainei |
SMB | 93.8 km including branch lines |
Domuseon Tomon Line |
Hoeryeong Central Station - Seonbong station Kainei - Yuki |
SMB | 220.4 km including branch lines |
Rail vehicles
Standard-gauge steam locomotives
The classification of the standard gauge steam locomotives was based on the American designation of the wheel arrangement. The name Puri comes, for example, from a corruption of the American word prairie after the designation of the type of locomotives after Whyte :
- Ame class (ア メ / 아메) - "American", 4-4-0
- Baru class (バ ル / 발틱) - "Baltic", 4-6-4
- Goro Class (ゴ ロ / 고로) - "Columbia", 2-4-2
- Mate class (マ テ / 마터) - "Mountain", 4-8-2
- Mika class (ミ カ / 미카) - "Mikado", 2-8-2
- Moga class (モ ガ / 모가) - "Mogul", 2-6-0
- Sata class (サ タ / 사타) - "Santa Fe", 2-10-2
- Sori class (ソ リ / 소리) - "Consolidation", 2-8-0
- Pashi class (パ シ / 파시) - "Pacific", 4-6-2
- Puri class (プ レ / 푸러) - "Prairie", 2-6-2
- Teho class (テ ホ / 터우) - "Ten-Wheeler", 4-6-0
- Yonrin class (4 輪 / 4 륜) - "Four-Wheeler", 0-4-0
The numbering in the third syllable of the classification consists of abbreviated Japanese numbers:
- 1 - i (イ), from イ チ, "ichi"
- 2 - ni (ニ), from ニ, "ni"
- 3 - sa (サ), from サ ン, "san"
- 4 - shi (シ), from シ, "shi"
- 5 - ko (コ), from ゴ, "go"
- 6 - ro (ロ), from ロ ク, "roku"
- 7 - na (ナ), from ナ ナ, "nana"
- 8 - ha (ハ), from ハ チ, "hachi"
- 9 - ku (ク), from ク, "ku"
- 10 - chi (チ), from ヂ ウ, "jyu"
Narrow-gauge steam locomotives
The narrow-gauge steam locomotives were divided into 11 groups of the Naki class (ナ キ).
Electric locomotives
The standard gauge electric locomotives were divided into the following three classes:
- DeRoI class electric locomotives (Toshiba)
- DeRoI class electric locomotives (Mitsubishi)
- DeRoNi-class electric locomotives
Railcars and rail buses
Railcars and rail buses were divided into the following four classes:
- standard gauge steam railcars of the Shiki class (シ キ / 시그)
- Narrow gauge petrol rail buses of the Nakeha class (ナ ケ ハ / 혀 게하)
- standard gauge petrol rail buses of the Keha class (ケ ハ / 게하)
- standard gauge diesel rail buses of the Jiha class (ジ ハ / 디하)
Traffic performance
The operating length of the Chōsen railway network in 1939 was 3831 km on the state railway. The South Manchurian Railway Company operated a route of 346 km, while 1234 km belonged to private railways.
year | Art | Operating length |
Passengers | goods |
---|---|---|---|---|
1911 | State railway | 1078 km | 2.0 million | 0.9 million |
1920 | State railway | 1851 km | 12.4 million | 3.2 million t |
1930 | State railway | 2792 km | 20.7 million | 5.9 million |
1939 | State railway | 3831 km | 45.1 million | 13.9 million |
1939 | Private railways | 1234 km | 11.4 million | 2.9 million |
1939 | South Manchurian Railway |
346 km |
Other railways
In addition to the main lines , there were also three tram networks in Chosen . These existed in the cities of Keijō , Heijō and Fusan .
Keijō tram
The electric tram in Keijō, the current city of Seoul , was built by the "American-Korean Electric Co." and opened on May 1, 1899, before Korea was incorporated into the Japanese Empire. In 1909 this was sold to the "Nikkan Gas & Electric Co.".
The tram had a gauge of 1067 mm ( Cape gauge ). In 1914 the operating length was approx. 26 km.
Heijō tram
In Heijō, the current city of Pyongyang , in 1914 an approx. 2 km long railway line connected the train station with the city, whose carriages were pushed by people ( coolie train ). It had a track width of 610 mm.
In 1923 the existing railway was replaced by an electric tram system.
This tram network is, with an interruption of over 30 years, the last of the three tram networks that has survived on the Korean Peninsula to this day.
Fusan tram
In Fusan, the current city of Busan , the first steam tram to the hot springs of Dongnae-gu was built in 1910 by the company "Fusan Railway Co." with a gauge of 762 mm.
On October 31, 1915, the city's first electric tram went into service. The route length in 1914 was approx. 22 km. The routes were in 1931 by a track width of 762 mm on the Cape gauge mm 1067 umgespurt .
In the 1950s, the company acquired used streetcar vehicles from Atlanta and Los Angeles. The tram service ceased on May 20, 1968.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Korea. In: Viktor von Röll (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Railway System . 2nd Edition. Volume 6: Freight Transport Crises . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1914, pp 407 -412.
- ↑ http://www.taodabai.com/441544891.html accessed on May 20, 2016
- ↑ http://www.tramz.com/tva/ko.html accessed on March 8, 2020
See also
Web links
- Tram Views of Asia - Korea (English)
- Korea. In: Viktor von Röll (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Railway System . 2nd Edition. Volume 6: Freight Transport Crises . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1914, pp 407 -412.
swell
- Hermann Lautensach : Korea. A country study based on my own travels and literature . KF Koehler Verlag, Leipzig 1945
- Andrei Lankov: The Dawn of Modern Korea . Verlag EunHaeng NaMu, Seoul 2007 (English)
- Preyer-Elberfeld, Dr. in Archiv für Eisenbahnwesen, pp. 402-418, pp. 720-743: The railways in Korea . Published by Julius Springer, 1914
- W. Paschen in Archives for Railways, pp. 520-524: The railways in Chosen (formerly Korea) . Published by Julius Springer, 1930
- W. Paschen in Archiv für Eisenbahnwesen, pp. 849–876: The railways in Japan in the years 1935/36 and 1936/37 . Published by Julius Springer, 1940
- 鉄 道 省 編 ( Ministry of Railways ), pp. 481–517: 鉄 道 停車場 一 覧 昭和 12 年 10 月 1 日 現在 (The station list), 1937