Ibersheim Castle

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Ibersheim Castle
Ibersheim Castle from the courtyard

Ibersheim Castle from the courtyard

Alternative name (s): Ibersheim Castle
Creation time : 15th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: received changed
Standing position : Office building of the Electors of the Palatinate
Place: Worms-Ibersheim
Geographical location 49 ° 43 '12.8 "  N , 8 ° 24' 4"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 43 '12.8 "  N , 8 ° 24' 4"  E
Ibersheim Castle (Rhineland-Palatinate)
Ibersheim Castle

Ibersheim Castle is the oldest of four castles in the Worms city ​​area and is located in the Ibersheim district .

investment

The palace area consists of a rectangular, two-storey manor house , the core of which dates from the second half of the 15th century. It was rebuilt and expanded in the 18th century. The kitchen and the castle chapel were on the ground floor . A wooden spiral staircase leads to the upper floor. The cellar has a flat cross vault .

The farm buildings were north of the castle courtyard. On the Rhine side there was a rectangular guard tower with loopholes , accessible from the upper floor of the castle (today half walled up) and via a staircase. This tower was renovated in 1771 by Daniel and Heinrich Stauffer. On the opposite side of the village center, a house and a schnapps distillery were added to the castle in 1811. The builders of this distillery were Abraham Forrer and Elisabeth Bergtold.

The mural on the west side of the castle in Menno-Simons-Straße was originally designed and painted by the Ibersheim artist Fritz Kehr (1908–1985). The representation refers to the Ibersheimer Salmenfang in the former Altrheinarm Bachert , which was mentioned as early as 1285. The palace chapel was consecrated to Saint Elisabeth after the Worms Synodal in 1496 and is still immortalized today with the patron of the Ibersheim cemetery chapel, Dionysius of Paris , on the left wing of the Eich high altar .

history

The age of the castle is documented by a reverse (declaration of commitment) dated August 22, 1417. At that time, the Worms Paulusstift transferred half the court with the commons to the Heidelberg Elector Ludwig III. (Palatinate) , the bearded, and at the same time allowed "a sloße and behusunge in the aforementioned village Ibernsheim (zu) buwen and (to) make." However, important rights of rule were reserved: the bailiwick, the tithe, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the right to use the mayor . The document is kept in the Darmstadt State Archives .

Around 1469 there are supposed to have been major changes under Frederick the Victorious . After the Teutonic Order had to sell its Ibersheim property to Landgrave Hesso von Leiningen -Dagsburg († 1467) after more than 200 years in 1465 , a protracted inheritance dispute ensued because Hesso had died and could no longer pay. In 1481 an amicable decision was made before the royal court between the Teutonic Order as seller and the Counts of Leiningen as buyer, with the Electoral Palatinate as successor. Extensions were made in 1481 under Philip the Sincere . After 1550 the castle was rebuilt with farm buildings. Presumably the street was also led around the back of the castle.

Dutch tenant

After the Thirty Years' War , Charles I Ludwig no longer managed his Ibersheim property himself, but leased it. The first tenant was the nobleman Heinrich von Mauderich (Henrick van Mauderick) from the Dutch Gelderland , today's Maurik in the large municipality of Buren (Gelderland) . He comes from an old, well-known family. His ancestor was knight Saffatin van Mauderick , who fought and fell in the battle of Worringen near Cologne on June 5, 1288 on the side of the victorious Johann I (Brabant) . The Windmill of Wijk , only ten kilometers away , painted around 1670 by Jacob van Ruisdael, gives an insight into the home of the Van Mauderick family .

Heinrich, known as a robber baron in Ibersheim , married his wife Anna Geertruit Lintius from Kreuznach on March 16, 1651 in Maurik . On October 7, 1656, daughter Marie was baptized in Ibersheim Castle. Heinrich's helpers came from his homeland Gelderland and from other countries. There were 14 families who were able to live here as economic and reformed religious refugees. Because the land first had to be reclaimed after the long war, the new tenant found it difficult to achieve economic success from farming, sheep breeding and fishing. Like many others on the Rhine, he obtained additional income through an illegal customs post by ambushing the merchants with the Steiners. Signals could be given over the treetops from the Ibersheimer watch and flag tower next to the castle, about two kilometers further, to the other side of the Rhine at the mouth of the Weschnitz . These robberies went on until Elector Karl I. Ludwig looked for other tenants and Heinrich and his people had to give way.

Swiss tenants

After 1661 a long lease contract was signed with Swiss settlers, which was renewed several times and was valid until the French Revolution . These settlers came to the Electoral Palatinate as economic and religious refugees. They were Reformed and Anabaptists , later called Mennonites . Their home was the Zurich area ( Winterthur ) and the Zurich highlands ( Bäretswil ). Approx. ten years later there was a mass emigration of Mennonites from the Bernese Oberland . In the Palatinate War of Succession , they also had to flee from Ibersheim. The Mennonites attracted closed in a trek to Friedrichstadt to their co-religionists. After the end of the war in 1698 they came back and were then the only religious community in the village. In this war, the Reformed were likely to be distributed in the areas on the right bank of the Rhine.

In 1690 the electoral hunting lodge received Catholic officials. Because of the rich duck hunt, princely visitors often came.

During the Revolutionary and Liberation Wars , Ibersheim had to make large deliveries of bread:

  • In the second half of 1796, 600 portions of bread at 2½ pounds were sent to the French headquarters in Sprendlingen , and later 108 portions of bread were sent to the imperial food store in Bretzenheim .
  • At the beginning of 1797 according to Nierstein and Oppenheim, 35 quintals of 120 pounds of flour and 138 loaves of 4 pounds of bread.

Due to the high bread deliveries, it is assumed that there was a large bakery near the castle.

Known residents

In the previous building:

  • Walter von Hausen (attested from 1140, † September 10, 1173), Lord of Dienheim and Dolgesheim , well-known and nobleman , also with ties to Hildegard von Bingen , hereditary bailiff in Ibersheim, headquarters in Mannheim, Burgstrasse, Rheinhäuser Hof.
  • Friedrich von Hausen (* around 1150–1160; † May 6, 1190), son of Walter, owned property in Ibersheim, but was on the road as a ministerial and minstrel with Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa .
  • Heinrich von Hausen (* around 1170; † around 1240) son of Walter, hereditary bailiff of Ibersheim.
  • Three priest brothers, religious brothers of the coming of the Teutonic Order, are mentioned in 1451.

In the castle:

  • electoral administrators:
    • Hans Velten Köller, named 1630
    • Martin Kistner
    • Nikolaus Voltz, lived in Hamm in 1640
  • electoral tenants:
    • Heinrich von Mauderich from the province of Gelderland , Neder-Betuwe
    • several families from Switzerland, from 1661 until the French occupation in 1794, including:
      • Jakob Hiestand, mentioned in the castle in 1743
      • Daniel Stauffer, named as tenant in 1759

Known owners

In 1795, during the French period, ecclesiastical and secular property was confiscated and leased on the left bank of the Rhine . In 1801 the leased property was declared a French national property . From 1803 to 1806, as part of secularization, French national goods were converted into private property at ridiculous prices through auctioning. According to research at the University of Heidelberg, an auction of French national goods in Ibersheim is not known. Therefore, the property in the Electorate of the Palatinate must have passed to a local buyer before 1803. Later owners were:

  • Jakob Käge IV., 1833–1880
  • Friedrich Heckmann, married to Elisabeth Flath, 1893–1911
  • Peter Flath from 1898
  • Leonhard Heinrich Schroth, around 1927 (courtyard)
  • Rina Schroth, married to Georg Dehn († 2018)

literature

Web links

  • Stefan Grathoff: Ibersheim Castle
  • Entry by Reinhard Friedrich zu Ibersheim in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  • ZDF mediathek: The Rhine - Stream of History, The Rhine (1/2): From volcanoes and giant rafts , documentary excerpt with "Heinrich von Mauderich": 40.00 - 42.40 min., First broadcast by Arte June 1, 2016, production: Bilderfest GmbH , Munich

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen Keddigkeit u. a .: Palatinate Castle Lexicon III. 2005, ISBN 978-3-927754-54-6 .
  2. ↑ EBIDAT castle database, https://www.ebidat.de/cgi-bin/ebidat.pl?m=h&id=620≥
  3. ↑ From the history of the Catholic parish in Eich. In: Lucia Reuter-Matejka: 1200 years of calibration. Wormser Verlagsdruckerei, Worms 1981. p. 298.
  4. ↑ Jürgen Keddigkeit: Pfälzisches Klosterlexikon, Handbook of the Palatinate Monasteries, Stifts and Coming, Kaiserslautern 2014, pp. 357–369
  5. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , certificate A 2 96/20 of August 22, 1417
  6. ↑ Duke John of Brabant. In: Heidelberg historical holdings - digital. Heidelberg University Library, accessed on September 16, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Trouwboek Maurik 1637–1698, 1993, p. 11
  8. ^ Adolf Trieb : Ibersheim as the residence of the Dutch. 1912
  9. ^ WH Morel van Mourik: Van Mauderick 1270 - 1695, Rijswijk (South Holland) 2015, ISBN 978-90-6455-792-7 , pedigree p. 7, description of persons p. 37-39
  10. ↑ Ulrike Schäfer: When robber baron Heinrich von Mauderich made the Rhine unsafe near Ibersheim, Wormser Wochenblatt, December 28, 2008.
  11. ↑ Documentary film "The Rhine - Stream of History", excerpt with Heinrich von Mauderich, approx. 2½ minutes, first broadcast by arte on June 11, 2016, 8:15 pm.
  12. ↑ https://www.worms.de/de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/wuchten-sie-es/liste/2012-05_ibersheim-raubritter-mauderich.php
  13. ↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt : Inheritance letter about the Ibersheim estate, A2 96 / 39-40, June 11, 1683
  14. ↑ From the history of the Catholic parish in Eich. In: Lucia Reuter-Matejka: 1200 years of calibration. Wormser Verlagsdruckerei, Worms 1981. P. 290.
  15. ↑ https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/ibersheim/kulturdenkmaeler/schloss-ibersheim.html
  16. ↑ https://www.worms.de/de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/wektiven-sie-es/liste/2014_02_Ibersheim_in_alten_Ansichten.php?viewmode=print
  17. ↑ https://www.zdf.de/dokumentation/terra-x/der-geschichte-des-rheins-teil-1-von-vulkanen-und-100.html