Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim (born March 29, 1826 in Glogau ; died December 16, 1885 in Hastings ) was a German revolutionary 1848/49, wine merchant and publicist .

Life

Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim was the son of a German-Jewish family. The family lived in Berlin as early as 1832 . He attended the Joachimsthal Gymnasium . There he met Carl Wilhelm David Busch , with whom he was still in contact later. After finishing secondary school, he had to leave school for financial reasons. From 1842 he learned the profession of a book printer. In the fall of 1844 Borkhein was able to take his Abitur at Friedrichswerder Gymnasium . He studied medicine in Breslau , Greifswald and Berlin between 1844 and 1846.

Borkheim was called up for military service and volunteered as a 3-year-old. In Glogau, where he was stationed, he experienced the March Revolution , in which he immediately took part. He defended the Polish uprising in the Grand Duchy of Poznan in May 1848. In a speech he declared: "That the Poles have a right to fight for their freedom and independence, as we have claimed this right for ourselves". Politically persecuted he went into hiding in Berlin and joined the Democratic Club, which u. a. Carl d'Ester and Rudolph Schramm belonged. Although not involved in the Berlin Zeughaussturm on June 14, 1848, he was suspected. He escaped arrest with the help of Count Hans Wilhelm Carl von Breßler (1801–1865) from Löbau by fleeing to Muttenz . Here he met Jakob Lukas Schabelitz and Friedrich Hecker . In September 1848, Borkheim took part in the Struve Putsch together with Wilhelm Liebknecht . He was held in prison for seven months but was acquitted at the trial in May 1849. He was actively involved in the Baden Revolution and served under Friedrich Anneke and Johann Philipp Becker . Even in later years he defended the Baden fighters Friedrich von Beust , Max Dortu , Gustav Adolf Schlöffel , Carl Schurz , August Willich and others. a.

After the failed revolution, Borkheim lived as a political refugee in Geneva . Together with other refugees ( Max Cohnheim , Eduard Rosenblum. Adolf Korn and Max Joseph Becker) he gave the “Rummeltipuff. Organ der Lausbubokratie ”, which was used by Carl Vogt against Karl Marx in 1860 . In 1849/1850 he wrote for the journal Der Völkerbund , Geneva, published by Albert-Fréderic-Jean Galeer . In 1850 Borkheim was expelled from Switzerland because of an article in the "Rummeltipuff" and arrested on February 1, 1851 in Strasbourg . He was taken to Calais on a long prisoner transport. On May 6, 1851, he arrived in London . During the first period of his exile he was in contact with the refugees August Schärttner , Franz Sigel , Gustav Adolf Techow , Gottfried Kinkel and others. a. He got a job as an accountant. During the Crimean War he reported on the war in newspapers and made greater profits in commercial transactions. The sudden end of the war meant that he lost the fortune he had just acquired.

At the beginning of February 1860, Marx tried to establish personal contact with Borkheim. After an initial personal meeting, Borkheim gave Marx a detailed report on the so-called "sulfur gang". Marx printed this letter in full in his book "Herr Vogt". From then on, a lifelong friendship and correspondence between the two dated. Borkheim also helped Marx to find a publisher for his book and contributed £ 12 towards the printing costs.

At the end of July 1867 he became a member of the international workers' association . On September 19, 1867, Karl Marx dedicated the first volume of Das Kapital to him . In 1867 Borkheim appeared at the Geneva Congress of the International League for Peace and Freedom . Here he began his exploration of the Pan-Slavism of the heart and Bakunin . Between 1868 and 1871 he continued his criticism in articles in the newspapers Democratic Weekly , Die Zukunft and Der Volksstaat . In March 1870, Borkheim revealed Nečaev as a fraud, provocateur and a disguised follower of Bakuni.

SL Borkheim was u. a. 1869 representative of the wine merchant "Maison Schröder & Schÿler" ( Bordeaux ) in London.

During the Franco-Prussian War he opposed the Prussian war aims. In August 1870 he signed the appeal by Ch. Cassal and Eug. Oswald : "To the People of France and of Germany". While the victorious Prussian troops were celebrated in Berlin on June 16, 1871, Borkheim received his naturalization certificate as a British citizen. He wrote enthusiastically to Marx: "From today on I am civis anglicabus."

Since mid-1875 he was left paralyzed due to a stroke . His wife Hannah died on November 13, 1877. In the last years of his life, Borkheim worked on his memories. He died in Hastings on December 16, 1885, of pneumonia .

Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim was born in 1860 with Hannah Brokheim. Herdman (d. 1877) married. They had a son, Frederick Borkheim (born 1866).

He has received 71 letters to Johann Philipp Becker , 243 letters to Karl Marx and 133 letters to Friedrich Engels . A letter from Borkheim to Gottfried Kinkel dated May 16, 1852 is in the Kinkel estate in the University and State Library of Bonn .

Works

  • From Liverpool to Balaklava . In: National-Zeitung , Berlin No. 81 of February 17, 1855, No. 101 of March 1, 1855 and No. 119 of March 11, 1855.
  • Napoleon III and Prussia. Answer of a German refugee to "Prussia in 1860" by Edmond About . A. Petsch & Co., London 1860. MDZ Reader digitized
  • The Moscow Newspaper and Thiers . In: Hermann. German weekly newspaper from London . London No. 430 of March 30, 1867.
  • Ma pearl devant le Congrès de Genève . Par un diplomate prolétaire. A. LaCroix, Bruxelles 1867. Digitized
    • My pearl before the Geneva Congress . From a proletarian diplomat. Verlag magazine, Zurich 1868. Digitized
  • SB: Russian political refugees in Western Europe . In: Democratic weekly paper . No. 5 of February 1, 1868; No. 6 of February 8, 1868; No. 17 of April 25, 1868; No. 20 of May 16, 1868.
  • On the oriental question. An exchange of letters . In: Democratic weekly paper . No. 36 supplement dated September 5, 1868, No. 37 dated September 12, 1868 and No. 38 supplement dated September 19, 1868.
  • To the editor of the United States of Europe . In: Democratic weekly paper . No. 36 supplement dated September 5, 1868.
  • A. Serno-Solovievich: Our Russian affairs. Answer to the article by Mr. Herzen: “Order prevails!” Translated from the Russian by SL Borkheim. Verlag der Expedition des “Volksstaat”, Leipzig 1871. MDZ Reader digitalisat
  • In memory of the German murder patriots 1806–1807 . Separate print from the "People's State". Publishing house of the Expedition of the People's State, Leipzig 1871.
    • In memory of the German murder patriots 1806–1807 . With an introduction by Friedrich Engels. Publishing house, Hottingen-Zurich 1888 (= Social Democratic Library, Volume XXIV)
  • Parties and Politics of Modern Russia. From the English . Verlag-Magazin, Zurich 1872. MDZ Reader digitized
  • The Hanauer Turner in the uprising in Baden-Rhineland-Palatinate in 1849. According to the papers of their corps adjutant, the late Albert Dammerow. From the still living Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim, battery leader in the Baden-Rhineland-Palatinate rebel army . In: Volksstaat Calendar 1875 . Leipzig 1874.
  • The silent screamer Moltke and his youngest Leipzig correspondent . In: Der Volksstaat , Leipzig No. 35 of March 25, 1874.
  • About the Bazaine trial . In: The People's State . March 25 to May 6, 1874.
  • Reinhold Rüegg (editor): Memories of a German forty-eight man. (Sigmund Borkheim) .
    • In: The New Time . Review of intellectual and public life . 8 (1890), No. 3, pp. 125-139. Digitized
    • In: The New Time. Review of intellectual and public life . 8 (1890), No. 5, pp. 204-222. Digitized
    • In: The New Time. Review of intellectual and public life . 8 (1890), No. 6, pp. 253-271. Digitized
    • In: The New Time. Review of intellectual and public life . 8 (1890), No. 7, pp. 305-325. Digitized

literature

  • Mr. Gustav Vogt , editor of the "United States" to SB: In: Demokratie Wochenblatt . Supplement to No. 36 of September 5, 1868.
  • In memoriam! In: The Social Democrat . Zurich, January 15, 1886.
  • Sigmund Borkheim . In: The Social Democrat . Zurich, January 21, 1886.
  • Reinhold Rüegg: From letters to Johann Philipp Becker. In: The New Time. Review of intellectual and public life . 6 (1888), No. 10, pp. 449–463 For digital copies, see pp. 459–461.
  • Reinhold Rüegg: From letters to Johann Philipp Becker. In: The New Time. Review of intellectual and public life . 6 (1888), No. 11, pp. 505-518. Digitized , see pp. 509–510 and pp. 512–515.
  • Sigismund Borkheim. In memory of the German murder patriots 1806–1807. With an introduction by Friedrich Engels . Verlag der Volksbuchhandlung, Hottingen-Zürich 1888 (= Social Democratic Library XXIV)
  • Friedrich Adolf Sorge : Memories of a forty-eight man . In: The New Time. Review of intellectual and public life . 17.1898-99, Volume 2 (1899), Issue 38, pp. 381-384. Digitized . Here pp. 381–382.
  • Wolf Düwel : Borkheim as a mediator between the Russian revolutionary democrats of the sixties and Karl Marx . In: Lectures at the Berlin Slavonic Conference in November 1954 . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1956, pp. 195–217.
  • Georg Eckert (Ed.): Wilhelm Liebknecht. Correspondence with German Social Democrats . Volume I. 1862-1878 . Van Grocum, Assen 1963. ISBN 90-232-0858-7 , pp. 258, 309, 346-347, 372, 382, ​​425, 436, 551, 674, 679, 709.
  • Richard Sperl (ed.): Friedrich Engels. Biographical sketches . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1967, pp. 170–171.
  • Gunther Hildebrandt: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim . In: Neues Deutschland , Berlin, December 19, 1970.
  • Wilhelm Liebknecht. Memories of a soldier of the revolution . Compiled and introduced by Heinrich Gemkow. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1976, pp. 101, 109, 157, 158, 161, 162.
  • Waltraut Opitz: Ludwig Sigismund Borkheim - author of the article "The silent screamer Moltke and his youngest Leipzig correspondent" . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research 13 . Berlin, 1982, pp. 37-40. Digitized
  • Heinrich Gemkow : Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim. From royal Prussian gunner to Russia expert at the side of Marx and Engels . Argument, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-88619-650-X table of contents
  • Rolf Dlubek : A find from the journalistic beginnings of Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim. The "Rummeltipuff" (Geneva 1849/1850) . In: On the arduous search and the happy finding. Colloquium on the occasion of the 75th birthday of Prof. Dr. Heinrich Gemkow on June 28, 2003 in Berlin . Part 2. Helle Panke for the promotion of politics, education and culture, Berlin. 2003, pp. 35-44.
  • Heinrich Gemkow: The old Engels and the young Borkheim. A fragment of an exchange of letters . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode . Argument, Hamburg 2003, pp. 226-232.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reinhold Rüegg: Memories of a German forty-eight. Sigmund Borkheim . Volume 3, p. 125; Borkheim to Karl Marx March 28, 1870; Letter from Borkheim dated May 30, 1871 (Public Record Office, London); Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 10. The information given by Friedrich Engels, who gave "1825" as the year of birth, is incorrect.
  2. ↑ Facsimile of the death certificate in: Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 155.
  3. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 18.
  4. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 17.
  5. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 28.
  6. ↑ The People's Place. Leipzig. No. 12 dated November 10, 1869; Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 128.
  7. ↑ Rolf Dlubek.
  8. ^ Only the sample number of December 21, 1849 and No. 1 of January 8, 1850, printed by Marc Vaney, Grande rue No. 8 in Geneva, appeared.
  9. ↑ Karl Marx: Mr. Vogt . London 1860. Chapter "The Sulfur Gang" ( DEA archive digitized )
  10. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 51 ff.
  11. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 55.
  12. ↑ So in the National-Zeitung , Berlin 1855, No. 81, 101 and 119.
  13. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 64.
  14. ^ Marx-Engels works . Volume 14, pp. 390-393.
  15. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels September 15, 1860 ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 30, p. 91.)
  16. ↑ Borkheim to J. Ph. Becker August 27, 1867; Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 97.
  17. ↑ "His LS Borkheim Karl Marx London September 19, 1867." (Izumi Omura: A dedication copy of the first edition of the first volume of "Capital" . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels Research 26 , Berlin 1989, p. 266; the same : The dedication copies of the first volume of "Capital" in Japan. In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New series 1992. Argument, Hamburg 1992. ISBN 3-88619-743-3 , p. 133.)
  18. ↑ Chapter The Geneva “Pearl”. In: Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 91 ff.
  19. ↑ Chapter With foil and club against Pan-Slavism and Bakunism . In: Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 109 ff.
  20. ↑ The People's State . Nos. 22, 34 and 35 1870.
  21. ↑ The company was founded in 1739 by Jean-Henri Schÿler (1708–1776) from Hamburg and Jacques Schröder (1691–1755) from Lübeck and still exists today. Borkheim supplied Friedrich Engels with the red wine from Margaux from the Château Kirwan estate . ("Idea of ​​happiness Château Margaux 1848". In: Family Marx private . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2005 Fig. 40, ISBN 3-05-004118-8 , pp. 312-313.
  22. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 126.)
  23. ↑ Chapter: Against Prussian militarism and German megalomania. In: Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 128 ff.
  24. ↑ To the French people! To the German people! In: The People's State . Leipzig No. 70 of August 31, 1870. p. 2.
  25. ^ Reprinted in: Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe . Department I. Works · Articles · Drafts. September 1867 to March 1871. Volume 21. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3-05-004588-7 , pp. 1052-1055.
  26. ↑ The hard entry of victorious troops on May 16, 1871 in Berlin . (Klio eV)
  27. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 132.
  28. ↑ Facsimile of the death certificate in Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 154.
  29. ↑ Facsimile of the birth certificate in Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 124.
  30. ↑ Heinrich Gemkow: The old Engels and the young Borkheim. A fragment of an exchange of letters .
  31. ^ Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 8.
  32. ↑ Rolf Dlubek, p. 35.
  33. ^ Reply to Edmont About: La Prusse en 1860 . L. Rauh, Berlin 1860. MDZ Reader digitized ; Edmont About: Prussia in 1860 . Martini & Grüttesien, Elberfeld 1860.
  34. ↑ On Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Serno-Solov'evič see VI Romanenko: Mirovozzrenie NA Serno-Solov'eviča . Leningrad 1954. (Russian).
  35. ↑ Dedicated copy from Borkheim to Marx see Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe . Department IV. Volume 32. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1999. ISBN 3-05-003440-8 , p. 157 No. 151. Facsimile of the dedication in: Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 133.
  36. ^ Digitized DEA archive MEW volume 18. Erroneously attributed to Friedrich Engels. Compare Waltraut Opitz: Ludwig Sigismund Borkheim - author of the article “The silent screaming officer Moltke and his youngest Leipzig correspondent” .
  37. ^ Brother of the scientist Carl Vogt.
  38. ↑ Facsimile in Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 157.
  39. ↑ Facsimile in Heinrich Gemkow: Sigismund Ludwig Borkheim , p. 159.
personal data
SURNAME Borkheim, Sigismund Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Borkheim, Sigismund; Borkheim, SL; From a proletarian diplomat (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German participant in the revolution of 1848/49, publicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 29, 1826
PLACE OF BIRTH Glogau
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1885
Place of death Hastings