Sindhi

Sindhi (سنڌي, सिन्धी)
Spoken in	Pakistan , India
speaker	33 million
Linguistic ; classification	Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian languages Indo-Aryan languages Sindhi ;
Official status
Official language in	Pakistani Province of Sindh , India (as one of 22 recognized constitutional languages)
Language codes
ISO 639 -1	sd
ISO 639 -2	SND
ISO 639-3	SND

Approximate distribution area of the Sindhi according to data from the CIA 1980

Sindhi ( arab. سنڌي; Devanagari सिन्धी, Sindhī) is a language from the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-Iranian subgroup of the Indo-European language family .

Sindhi is mainly spoken in the Sindh region in southern Pakistan , located on the lower reaches of the Indus . In Pakistan, according to the 2017 census, the Sindhi has around 30.2 million native speakers (14.6 percent of the total population). Sindhi speakers make up the majority of the population in Sindh Province. In addition to the national language Urdu , Sindhi also serves as the second official language. According to the 2011 census, there are almost 2.8 million Sindhi speakers in India . This includes around 1.7 million speakers of the Sindhi in the true sense of the word, mostly descendants of Hindus who fled Pakistan after the partition of India in 1947. In addition, the 1.0 million speakers of Kachchhi , a language closely related to Sindhi that is spoken in the Kachchh region, are subsumed under the number of Sindhi speakers. The largest groups of Sindhi speakers in India live in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra . On a supraregional level, Sindhi is recognized as one of 22 constitutional languages in India. Before the Taliban expelled the Afghan Hindus , Sindhi was also widespread among the Hindu population of Afghanistan .

Sindhi is written in Arabic script , in India also in Devanagari (formerly also in the Khudabadi alphabet). A phonetic peculiarity of Sindhi is the presence of implosive consonants, which are not found in any other South Asian language.

جھ	ڄ	ج	پ	ث	ٺ	ٽ	ٿ	ت	ڀ	ٻ	ب	ا
ɟʱ	ʄ	ɟ	p	s	ʈʰ	ʈ	tʰ	t	bʱ	ɓ	b	ɑː ʔ ∅
ڙ	ر	ذ	ڍ	ڊ	ڏ	ڌ	د	خ	ح	ڇ	چ	ڃ
ɽ	r	z	ɖʱ	ɖ	ɗ	dʱ	d	x	H	cʰ	c	ɲ
ڪ	ق	ڦ	ف	غ	ع	ظ	ط	ض	ص	ش	س	ز
k	q	pʰ	f	ɣ	ɑː oː eː ʔ ʕ ∅	z	t	z	s	ʃ	s	z
ي	ء	ھ	و	ڻ	ن	م	ل	ڱ	گھ	ڳ	گ	ک
j iː	(Vowel separator)	H	ʋ ʊ oː ɔː uː	ɳ	n	m	l	ŋ	ɡʱ	ɠ	ɡ	kʰ

literature

M. Qasim Bughio: The Diachronic Sociolinguistic Situation in Sindh . In: Fabio Maniscalco (Ed.): Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony . tape January 1 – June, 2006 (English, webjournal.unior.it [PDF]).

Web links

Wikipedia on Sindhi

Wiktionary: Sindhi - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

↑ According to the results of the 2017 census previously published in the press; see. Dawn: "CCI defers approval of census results until elections", May 28, 2018.
^ Census of India 2011: Data on Language and Mother Tongue. Statement 1. Abstract of Speakers' Stregnth of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2011.
^ Census of India 2011: Data on Language and Mother Tongue. Part A: Distribution of the 22 scheduled languages-India / States / Union Territories - 2011 census.

[1] According to the results of the 2017 census previously published in the press; see. Dawn: "CCI defers approval of census results until elections", May 28, 2018.

[2] Census of India 2011: Data on Language and Mother Tongue. Statement 1. Abstract of Speakers' Stregnth of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2011.

[3] Census of India 2011: Data on Language and Mother Tongue. Part A: Distribution of the 22 scheduled languages-India / States / Union Territories - 2011 census.