Sunstone (Pirna)

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Sunstone
City of Pirna
Coordinates: 50 ° 57 ′ 15 ″  N , 13 ° 57 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 160–235 m above sea level NN
Residents : 6316  (December 31, 2011)
Postal code : 01796
Area code : 03501

The Sonnenstein is a district of Pirna , the district town of the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district .

geography

The area of ​​the district Pirna is summarized under the name Sonnenstein, which lies on the plateau (" flatness ") between the valleys of the Elbe in the north and the Gottleuba in the west. The terrain rises continuously towards the south: In the north-western corner, the Sonnenstein Castle stands at around 160  m above sea level. NN , in the south the level at the Viehleite on the edge of the Gottleubatal reaches more than 230  m above sea level. NN .

The Sonnenstein residential area takes up a large part of the area. It consists largely of prefabricated buildings from the time of the GDR , most of them in row construction and some point high-rise buildings. The residential area is in the Remscheider Strasse / Varkausring / Prof.-Joliot-Curie-Strasse area. To the south of it is a residential and commercial area from the post-reunification period. Extensive factory buildings characterize the north of the Sonnenstein plateau up to the street Am Mädelgraben. The district court of Pirna is located in the vicinity of the Sonnenstein Castle .

The most important street in the district is Krietzschwitzer Straße. Coming from Dresden as federal road 172 , it leads immediately west of the Sonnenstein from the Elbe valley to the plateau and further south-east to Königstein (Saxon Switzerland) to the Czech border. Struppener Straße, Staatsstraße 168 , branches off from here in the northwest of the district in the direction of Struppen .

Neighboring districts of Pirna are Cunnersdorf in the northeast, Schifftorvorstadt in the north, the old town in the northwest and the Südvorstadt in the south. Neighboring to the west are the former local mountain community and the former village of Mannewitz . To the east and south-east, the corridors of the Struppen district border Ebenheit .

history

Sonnenstein Castle after the renovation (December 2011)

The name of the district goes back to the Sonnenstein Castle , the oldest and most important building in the area. Until the 19th century the Sonnenstein was virtually undeveloped, with the exception of the fortress and the park adjoining it to the east, the Mannewitz farm and the old road to Königstein. The sanatorium established in the palace in 1811 expanded into the palace park between 1855 and 1914 with numerous new buildings. Around 15,000 people were killed in the Pirna-Sonnenstein killing center set up there during the Nazi era in 1940 and 1941. Today a memorial commemorates this.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the small settlement "Am Mädelgraben" was built east of the sanatorium as a residential area for officials from the Sonnenstein sanatorium. As part of the armament of the Wehrmacht , another infantry barracks was to be built south of Struppener Strasse in addition to the barracks in the southern suburbs from the end of 1937 . However, the construction work was stopped with the outbreak of the Second World War . At this point in time, two larger staff buildings (Prof.-Joliot-Curie-Str. 6-14 and Julius-Fučík-Str. 1-9) had already been completed, which were used by the Eckernförde torpedo research institute in the course of relocations due to the war. After the end of the war, these buildings were used as accommodation for displaced persons until 1949 and, between 1949 and 1953/54, for officers and soldiers of the barracked People's Police School (KVP) established in the sanatorium . From 1951, the two houses were supplemented by additional residential buildings for the KVP members. This created the first core of the later (large) residential area of ​​Sonnenstein.

In the course of the development of the aviation industry in the GDR , which began in 1952/53 , the decision was made to incorporate the Sonnenstein into this structure. For this purpose, the Pirna Materials Office (later VEB Entwicklungsbau Pirna - Werk 802) was founded in 1953, which was supposed to develop, test and build aircraft engines. The company used all the buildings of the former Sonnenstein sanatorium and expanded them to the east with numerous new buildings, including a large design office, a dining room, several factory buildings and four large test stands . Among other things, the Pirna 014 engine was developed and manufactured here, and plans for the first German passenger jet, aircraft 152 , were worked on. Within a short time, the workforce grew to over 2,000 workers and engineers.

View of the "red high-rise" built in 1957
View of the 17-storey high-rise buildings (56 meters high) built in the early 1980s, a fifth high-rise building was demolished in 2007 as part of the eastward urban redevelopment

Starting in 1953, numerous other residential buildings were built south of Struppener Strasse for the employees of the plant to supplement the existing residential buildings. The most striking building in the new Sonnenstein housing estate was the so-called “Red Skyscraper” built in 1957/61 on Rudolf-Breitscheid-Strasse. In contrast to the residential high-rise buildings built later on the Sonnenstein, the “Red High-rise” was also bricked up. In total, around 1,000 apartments were built in this first phase of the Sonnenstein, primarily in brick construction.

In the summer of 1961 the Council of Ministers of the German Democratic Republic finally decided to dissolve the aviation industry due to setbacks. Plant 802 was converted to the VEB Gas Turbine Construction and Energy Machine Development Pirna, which started the production of flow and power plants. The conversion to VEB Turbo Machines Pirna took place in 1970. The plant, which u. a. manufactured hydrodynamic power transmitters for locomotives, fluid couplings and gas turbines, was the second largest industrial company in Pirna until 1989/90 after the artificial silk factory founded by Hugo Küttner in 1908 .

View from the roof of a 17-storey high-rise building over the roofs of the Sonnenstein residential area towards Dresden . On the right you can see the residential buildings built in the 1950s around the “red high-rise”, behind (white) the structure of the new clinic. The buildings on the left edge of the picture belong to the residential and commercial area built in the early 1990s.

The second and larger development spurt for the sunstone was initiated with the discovery and development of the Königstein uranium ore deposit . A mine was built in nearby Leupoldishain from 1963 onwards, which soon numbered over 2,000 employees. The living space required for the workforce was created in the late 1960s through the expansion of the Sonnenstein residential area using prefabricated panels. By the beginning of the 1980s, another 3000 residential units were built, including the associated infrastructure (children's facilities, schools, department stores , outpatient clinic). The construction of five 17-storey point high-rises, which alone accounted for a good 1,000 apartments, was structurally striking from the end of the 1970s. With the expansion of the residential area, the population of the Sonnenstein rose to around 17,000 people.

In the course of the turnaround , there was a massive change in the economic basis of the residential area. VEB Turbo Machines Pirna was privatized in 1990. However, the successor company Strömmaschinen GmbH had to file for bankruptcy in 1995. A large part of the existing jobs was lost without replacement. The uranium production in Leupoldishain was stopped in 1990, so a large part of the existing jobs were also cut here.

As a result of these economic changes and the incipient social segregation , the district has suffered massive population losses since the late 1990s. By the end of 2011, the population had dropped to a good 6300 people. The vacancy resulting from the shrinking process resulted in the demolition of over 500 apartments and social facilities. The sun stone is the subject of an urban redevelopment and district development project. In the course of efforts to stabilize the district were u. a. large parts of the former turbo-machine factory revitalized. The new building of the Pirna Clinic of Rhön-Klinikum AG (since 2014 Helios Kliniken GmbH) was built here in 2007 , which is currently the most important employer in Pirna with around 770 employees (as of 2015). Sonnenstein Castle has been the administrative seat of the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district since 2011 . To the south of the Sonnenstein residential area, a residential and commercial area with over 400 apartments and resident companies etc. was built in the 1990s. a. from the areas of car trade and service, electrical systems engineering, publishing / printing, heating and sanitary technology.

literature

  • Boris Böhm: Discoveries on the Pirna flatness. From the Mannewitzer Vorwerk, former large companies and the satellite town of Sonnenstein. Pirna miniatures booklet 4, Pirna 2014, ISBN 978-3-9813772-7-9

Web links

Commons : Sonnenstein (Pirna)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sonnenstein in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  2. ↑ Holger Lorenz: The engine development plant in Pirna (plant 802).
  3. ↑ a b VEB flow machines Pirna. Main State Archive Dresden , accessed on December 25, 2014 .
  4. ↑ District development Pirna-Sonnenstein
  5. ↑ Homepage Helios Klinikum Pirna (accessed on August 25, 2015)
  6. ↑ B-Plan no. 5.1 "Extension Sonnenstein, Part I"