Spiczak Brzeziński

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of the von Spiczak Brzeziński adH Adl. Briesen

Spiczak Brzeziński (occasionally also Spitczok von Brisinski , Spizak Brsesinski , Spizack Brzesinski , Spiczek etc.) is the name of a noble Kashubian family from West Prussia . Branches of the family persist to this day.

history

Katharinenkirche zu Adlig Briesen (built 1716)

The family first appeared in a document in 1609 with the noble Thomas Spiczak Brzeziński ( Nobilis Thoma Brzezinsky alias Spiczak ), who, along with other nobles, is listed as the owner of Noble Briesen (Brzeźno Szlacheckie) in the Konitzer Grodbuch . Thomas ' father Gregor (* around 1550) can currently be regarded as the progenitor of the family, as this is the beginning of the secured continuous line of bloodlines. The exact time of the ennoblement is unknown. A connection to Petzen von der Bryse (Bryse is the traditional name of Briesen / Brzeźno), who was awarded the neighboring estate Adlig Lonken (Łąkie Szlacheckie) in 1374 by the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Winrich von Kniprode , has not yet been proven. Briesen himself was awarded in the same year to "die loyal Panen" (gentlemen), the district judge Jakosch and Jacob Rutke (Rutken) (the estate included about 1,600 hectares of land and a lake). This could also be the direct ancestors of the Spiczak Brzeziński , since it was not customary until the 16th century for the nobility to add an epithet to its tribe name that provided information about the origin of the respective family. The Spiczak , who were wealthy in Briesen, only later called themselves Brzeziński , d. H. from Briesen (Brzeźno). Another branch of the Spiczak is called Spiczok von Prondczynsky after the Prondzonna (Prądzona) estate .

According to Count Seweryn Uruski , the family received considerable lands in the Kashubian area from the Polish King Casimir IV (1427–1492) for knightly merits in the 15th century . In addition to the stake in the family estate Adlig Briesen, a branch of the family also owned a large share in the nearby Trzebiatkowa estate in the 18th century . Also on the neighboring estates of Adlig Lonken, Zemmen (Ciemno) and Glisno (Gliśno Wielkie), descendants of the Spiczak Brzeziński still sat on aristocratic estates or allodial knightly estates until the end of the 19th century , while the Wustrow and Grünhoff estates were temporarily leased the family found.

The manor house of Mirachowo ( Mirchau ) represents the architectural style of Kashubian noble farms of the 18th century

Although the Kashubian nobles in the ducal-Pomeranian period (1466–1648) were not counted among the feudal aristocracy, but among the so-called free men , who were also called Panen (lords), free Panen or Frey-Panen , they kept, for example, those confirmed by the Teutonic Order Jurisdiction to judge "by the neck and hand" on their own property. Despite certain oppression, they still lived “peacefully on their small noble farms and knights' seats” and remained “true noblemen.” From the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century, the Spiczak Brzeziński are usually referred to as nobilis ( noble ), generosus, in documents and church registers (of noble origin) or szlachcic (nobleman), before the nobility predicate “von” was established as an addition to the name due to the Brandenburg-Prussian influence and the old noble privileges were formally recognized again.

In 1683 a member of the family is said to be a cavalry unit from King Jan Sobieski III. in the course of the second siege of Vienna by the Turks in the battle of the Kahlenberg .

In 1804 the nobility of the tenants Martin and Jacob von Spiczak Brzeziński (sons of Casimir , 1725-1813) was confirmed by the West Prussian government in Marienwerder , after this was confirmed by the landowners Matthias von Aubracht Prondzyński , Stanislaus von Korzbok Łącki (Kurzbach) and Albrecht was attested by Depka Prondzyński .

The Spiczak Brzeziński are u. a. related to the coat of arms of the extinct lords of Bubelwitz ( Bubelwic ). To this day, Protestant and Catholic branches exist mainly in Germany and Poland .

coat of arms

According to Julius Count Ostrowski leading Spiczak Brzeziński a variation of the trunk emblem Zabawa ( Fun, Entertainment ), which is already the 1092-1112 reigning Archbishop Martin of Gniezno and the 1229 reigning to 1243 Bishop of Krakow , Wisław of Kościelec ( Wisław Zabawa ) († 1242), led. The blazon of this coat of arms is as follows:

Heraldic saga

“The Zabawa coat of arms comes from Bohemia and came to Poland in 963 at the time of the marriage of the Bohemian Princess Dabrowka to the Polish Duke Mieczyslaw . A knight of this coat of arms, named Wislimierz, was entrusted in the year 1000 with the vanguard of the Polish armed forces, probably against the Moravia , came across the enemy who had been hidden in ambush and occupied and lingered him through various small skirmishes and teasing until the Hetmann could approach with the main force, whose cavalry then defeated the enemy victoriously. In memory of this lingering (Zabawa) of the enemy, the coat of arms of Wislimierz was given the name Zabawa. "

- Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga

Historical coats of arms

  • Earliest representation of the family coat of arms (1575)

  • Family coat of arms as part of the coffered ceiling in Kórnik Castle

  • Modified family coat of arms (Ostrowski, 1897)

  • Family coat of arms on a house gable in Lower Saxony

Alternative coat of arms

Spiczak Brzeziński II coat of arms

The Spiczak Brzeziński are assigned another coat of arms in addition to the family coat of arms, which is described as follows: A crescent moon , studded with a fallen arrow , on top of this a sphere , accompanied by two stars each on the right and left . It is unclear which branch led this coat of arms from when. Legend has it that more than twenty Kashubian noble families are said to have included the crescent moon and the stars in their coats of arms in memory of the victory over the Turks near Vienna ( 1683 ). However, other authors point out that these symbols appeared in the local noble coats of arms long before that time.

Name bearer

  • Adalbert von Spiczak Brzeziński (1686–1756), officer and landowner on Adl. Briesen.
  • Jakob von Spiczak Brzeziński (1747–1801), landowner on Glisno and member of the Provincial Parliament , ⚭ Apollonia von Schmude Ciemińska .
  • Franz von Spiczak Brzeziński (1769–1848), owner of the estate on Adl. Briesen, ⚭ Anna by Bastian Brzezińska (* 1774).
  • Martin von Spiczak Brzeziński (1777–1827), landowner on Glisno, ⚭ Catharina von Löwe Kiedrowska (1788–1848; born von Schmude Trzebiatowska).
  • Ferdinand von Spiczak Brzeziński (1824–1880), manor owner on Zemmen, member of the Pomeranian knighthood , ⚭ Alwine Burtzlaff (1828–1912).
  • Joseph von Spiczak Brzeziński (1849–1903), manor owner to Adl. Lonken, ⚭ Anna Catharina von Chamier Gliszczyńska (* 1857).
  • Andreas Spiczok von Prondczynsky (* 1950), Professor of General Pedagogy at the TU Braunschweig .
  • Ingo Spitczok von Brisinski (* 1960), author and specialist in psychiatry and psychotherapy at the LVR Clinic Viersen .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Herbert von Schmude (1939): Contributions to the history of the von Schmude sex, 1st part, Berlin-Pankow, p. 94 ff.
  2. ^ Paul Panske (1921): Handfesten der Komturei Schlochau, p. 121.
  3. ↑ Tomasz Rembalski (2005): Kaschubskie nazwiska szlacheckie (Kashubian noble names), pp. 27–30.
  4. ↑ Handfestenbuch I: Commandery Schlochau  in the German Digital Library
  5. ^ Johann Siebmacher, Otto Titan von Hefner (1856): J. Siebmacher's large and general Wappenbuch , Volume 6, Edition 8, Bauer and Raspe 1856, Neustadt ad Aisch.
  6. ↑ Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy Volume 1, Berlin 1855, p. 113 .
  7. ^ Seweryn Uruski: Rodzina. Herbarz szlachty polskiej. 15th vol., Warszawa 1904-1931
  8. ^ Ellinor von Puttkamer (1976): The Lande Lauenburg and Bütow - international border area. In: Baltic Studies NF 62, pp. 7–22
  9. ↑ Reinhold Cramer: History of the Lande Lauenburg and Bütow. First part. The story (with three lithograph drawings). EJ Dalkowski, Koenigsberg, 1858.
  10. ↑ Ryszard Cieminski: Saga Hinzow. 1975, p. 11 .
  11. ^ Johannes Baptista Rietstap (1921): Planches l'Armorial Général.
  12. ^ Szymon Okolski (1645): Orbis Poloni. T. 3, In Qvo Antiqva Sarmatarum Gentilitia & Arma Quaecunque a litera S, vsque ad finem Alphabeti suam incipiunt & recensent denominationem, continentur & dilucidantur, p. 313.
  13. ^ Julius Graf von Ostrowski (1897–1906): Polish Book of Arms Warsaw, page 363.
  14. ↑ Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga: The Polish family arms, their history and their legends. Verlag H. Grand, Hamburg, p. 97.
  15. ↑ Marian Fryda (1990): Szkice z dziejów rodu Spiczak Brzezinskich, p. 4
  16. ^ Benno von Winckler (1869): The nationalities of Pommerellens, Verlag Wendt, Hirschberg.