Spider lilies

Spider lilies
	Pink spider lily ( Lycoris radiata ) in Korea
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily :	Amaryllidoideae
Tribe :	Lycoridae
Genre :	Spider lilies
Scientific name
	Lycoris
	Herb.

The Lycoris ( Lycoris ) are a genus within the family of the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae).

description

Illustration of white spider lily ( Lycoris squamigera )

Inflorescence of the black and red spider lily ( Lycoris sanguinea ), a species with short stamens

Inflorescence of Lycoris × albiflora

Inflorescence of Lycoris aurea

Inflorescence of Lycoris × houdyshelii

Vegetative characteristics

Lycoris species are perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form egg to spherical onions with a brown to black-brown cover (“tunic”) as persistence organs. The basal leaves are simple, linear, sessile and smooth. The leaves appear before the flowers bloom.

Generative characteristics

Four to eight flowers are in a terminal, golden inflorescence with two membranous bracts together on an upright, long, not hollow inflorescence stem. The more or less upright, hermaphrodite flowers are almost radially symmetrical to zygomorphic and threefold. The six more or less identical, trumpet-shaped intergrown bloom cladding sheets ( tepals ) are white, cream to gold colored, pink to bright red. The edge of the bracts is sometimes wavy. There is sometimes a ring of six scales or threads in the throat of the flower tube. The six stamens are briefly fused with the bracts. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown, the few ovules contains. The thin style ends in a very small, head-shaped scar.

Triangular, triple-faced capsule fruits are usually formed that contain a few smooth, black, almost spherical seeds.

Systematics and distribution

The generic name Lycoris refers to the beautiful Lycoris, a lover of Mark Antony .

The Lycoris species are common in Asia. There are species in China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 15 species in China, ten of which are only found there. The Lycoris species thrive mainly in warm, temperate to subtropical areas of East Asia from southwest China to Japan and southern Korea; some species reach as far as northern Indochina and Nepal . This distribution area corresponds roughly to the laurel forest zone.

The genus Lycoris belongs to the tribe Lycoridae in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family of Amaryllidaceae .

White spider lily ( Lycoris squamigera )

There are 20 to 23 species of Lycoris :

Lycoris × albiflora Koidz. : This hybrid of Lycoris aurea × Lycoris radiata occurs in the Chinese province of Jiangsu, Korea and on the Japanese island of Kyushu .
Lycoris anhuiensis Y.Xu & GJFan : It thrives in crevices on slopes in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu .
Lycoris argentea Worsley : It occurs in northern Myanmar .
Lycoris aurea (L'Hér.) Herb. : It iswidespreadfrom India , Pakistan , Myanmar, Laos , Thailand , Vietnam through China to Japan and Indonesia .
Lycoris caldwellii grape : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang .
Lycoris × chejuensis K.H.Tae & SCKo : This hybrid of Lycoris chinensis × Lycoris flavescens × Lycoris koreana occurs in Korea .
Lycoris chinensis grape : It occurs from the Chinese provinces of Henan , Jiangsu, Shaanxi , Sichuan and Zhejiang to South Korea .
Lycoris flavescens M.Kim & S.Lee : It is only found in Korea.
Lycoris guangxiensis Y.Xu & GJFan : It thrives in mixed forests and in shady and humid locations on slopes only in the Guangxi Autonomous Region .

Lycoris haywardii Traub : It occurs in Japan.

Lycoris × houdyshelii Traub : This triploid hybrids is found in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Lycoris hunanensis M.H. Quan, LJOu & CWShe : It wasfirst describedin 2013 from the Chinese province of Hunan .

Lycoris incarnata Comes ex Sprenger : It thrives on mountain slopes in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Yunnan.

Lycoris koreana Nakai : It is only found in Korea and used to be found in Japan.

Lycoris longituba Y.C.Hsu & GJFan : It occurs in two varieties in shady, moist locations at low altitudes on mountain slopes only in Jiangsu .

Lycoris longituba var. Flava Y.Xu & XLHuang
Lycoris longituba Y.C.Hsu & GJFan var. Longituba

Pink spider lily ( Lycoris radiata (L'Hér.) Herb. ): It is widespread from Nepal to China to Korea and Japan.

Lycoris × rosea Traub & Moldenke : This hybrid occurs in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Black and red spider lily ( Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. ): It occurs in central and southern Japan.

Lycoris shaanxiensis Y.Xu & z. B.Hu : It thrives on shady slopes in the Chinese provinces of Shaanxi and Sichuan.

Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker : It thrives at altitudes of around 100 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

White spider lily ( Lycoris squamigera Maxim. ): It is common in Japan, Korea and the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang.

Lycoris straminea Lindl. : It thrives on shady and moist slopes at altitudes of around 100 meters in the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Lycoris uydoensis M.Kim : It was first described from South Korea in 2004.

use

There are some varieties that are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.

swell

Zhanhe Ji, Alan W. Meerow: Amaryllidaceae. : Lycoris , p. 266 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5
AW Meerow, MF Fay, CL Guy, QB Li, FQ Zaman, MW Chase: Systematic of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of Plastid RBCL and TML-F sequences of data. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 86, 1999, pp. 1325-1345.
PS Hsu, S. Kurita, ZZ Yu, JZ Lin: Synopsis of the genus Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) , in Sida , Volume 16, Issue 2, 1994, pp. 301-331.

Individual evidence

↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer publishing house , Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Zhanhe Ji, Alan W. Meerow: Amaryllidaceae. : Lycoris , p. 266 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5
↑ Taxonomy of Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae .
^ ^A ^b Lycoris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Lycoris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 21, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Spider Lilies ( Lycoris ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Entry with the Pacific Bulb Society .
Siro Kurita: Species Evolution by Hybridization in the genus Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae .
Biology of Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae .
Tada-aki Hori, Akiko Hayashi, Tsuneo Sasanuma, Siro Kurita: Genetic variations in the chloroplast genome and phylogenetic clustering of Lycoris species . In: Genes & Genetic Systems . Volume 81, No. 4 , 2006, p. 243-253 , doi : 10.1266 / ggs.81.243 , PMID 17038796 .
Datasheet at Amaryllidaceae.org .

[Zander2008-1] Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer publishing house , Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

[FoC-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Zhanhe Ji, Alan W. Meerow: Amaryllidaceae. : Lycoris , p. 266 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5

[biglobe1-3] Taxonomy of Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae .

[GRIN-4] A ^b Lycoris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[WCSP-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Lycoris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 21, 2016.