St. Mary's Church (Netzelkow)
The St. Marien zu Netzelkow Church is a church building in the municipality of Lütow auf dem Gnitz in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .
history
The small settlement Netzelkow was once the main town on the Gnitz peninsula and, along with Lütow and Neuendorf, was an old property of the von Lepel family . who had their knightly seats there since 1358. A clergyman Phylippus sacerdos de Gnez was first mentioned on the Gnitz peninsula as early as 1229 . It is very likely that this information related to an older church building. At the time, a Slavic nobleman, Heinrich vom Gnitz, was in the service of the Pomeranian Duke as castellan of Usedom. Perhaps his family was the founder of the first church on the Gnitz.
In a document dated August 12, 1230, the Kamminer bishop Konrad II confirmed the so-called bishop's taxes to the church in Buckow, today's Krummin . That meant a tenth part of all income from the surrounding villages, including Gnezow, today's Netzelkow.
Building history
The current church of St. Marien was built in the 14th century, but certainly at the beginning of the 15th century with the east gable which is well worth seeing. As the patronage church of the long-established von Lepel family, it assumed a central position on the Gnitz peninsula from an early age. In the 16th century, a western tower with a square floor plan made of a wooden structure is said to have existed. The foundations were exposed in 1934. As the church patron, the von Lepel family had a grave built on the southwest side of the nave for their important representative, Christian Carl von Lepel.
In 1860 the church was damaged by fire. The subsequent redesign, including inside the church of this medieval building, is an example of the changed taste in art in the 19th century. The choir apse , north sacristy and morgue were built between 1876 and 1879. Most of the interior was renewed and a wooden ceiling was added, the tracery of the nave windows changed, the upper part of the west gable was repaired and a gable top was added.
In the 1970s the church had become badly dilapidated. After the first emergency safeguards, the St. Marien Church was extensively renovated from 1985 to 1986.
In 2001 there was a break-in into the church. In addition to the damaged entrance door, the thieves had stolen various works of art. Among them were the altar Bible, the crucifix and the altar candlesticks. These were later found heavily damaged in the backwaters and had to be restored in the meantime. For security reasons, these works of art can only rarely be shown. From 2003 to 2005, with financial help, including the von Lepel family, structural maintenance measures were carried out on St. Mary's Church.
With its secluded location, the Netzelkower Church has not lost any of its originally rural character.
Building description
The small, rectangular brick building without a tower stands in the middle of a churchyard on the Achterwasser bordered by a field stone wall .
The outer
The church is a Gothic rectangular building with a polygonal apse and no tower. After the buttresses were placed , the brick building that was just closed in the east originally had three bays . The stepped buttresses are placed over the corners of the building. In the east pediment are two-part ogival dazzle Swept circle. Two lancet windows were added over the polygonal apse in the 19th century . In the southwest there is a simple extension with a basket arched door and cross panel. The west portal is ogival and has a chamfered reveal . During the renovation work in the 19th century, the gable field was also changed. In the east and west there are gable riders , the eastern one is provided with a weather vane , a cross, a rooster and an inscription Wachet und prettet . On the south side of the nave is a sundial carved into monastery-sized bricks .
The inner
The Netzelkower Church consists of a small hall building as a community room. The nave has a later added three-sided broken wooden ceiling with iron tie rods. Plaster strips structure the wall surfaces and take up the joist supports of the ceiling. The choir apse adjoins with a round arch, above which a group of two pointed-arched windows cut into the nave wall as an elevated motif. The pointed arch windows and doors are ingredients from the renovations in the 19th century. The apse has a ridge vault and originally had a painted starry sky.
The sober room is hardly busy, only the choir area is cautiously emphasized. Only the ceiling, with its construction and material differences, forms a contrast to the massive medieval nave walls as an overall impression of the interior.
In addition to the rows of chairs in the nave and the organ gallery in the west, the inventory from 1860 includes the furnishings in the choir area. The rectangular altar hall with its Corinthian columns and the pulpit on the left of the choir arch are ingredients from this period of renovation. The pulpit rises above a high pulpit foot and the polygonal pulpit can be reached by stairs. The ornamentation on the basket sides has Gothic tracery forms.
The painting on the south wall of the nave shows the Lamentation of Christ and was copied by Ottokar Schmieder after a painting by the Flemish painter Anthonis van Dyck that was destroyed in the First World War . This is one of the three existing copies on the island of Usedom. These hang in the churches in Heringsdorf and Benz .
Baptismal font
The font made of Swedish limestone in the nave in front of the choir dates from the 14th century and is the only one on the island of Usedom that has been completely preserved from the Middle Ages . It consists of a conical shaft with a thick bulge, the cup is broken on twelve sides. Also worth mentioning is the little field stone protruding from the wall to the left of the entrance, which has hardly been noticed. It is likely to be a millstone , which probably even comes from the early Slavic period and was walled in as a holy water font before 1520 . After the Reformation it was used as a collection box for a long time .
organ
The three-part organ prospectus consists of a raised middle section and lower side sections. The gothic ornamentation from the branch crowns and standing quatrains refer to the 19th century. The organ from Barnim Grüneberg's workshop was added in the course of the interior redesign in 1879. In 1986 a general overhaul took place.
Stained glass window
The three single-lane red, blue and yellow colored glass windows in the choir were installed in 1879.
The middle window mI is an inscribed foundation of the Evangelical Art Association in Berlin. It shows a standing Christ in a gesture of blessing, holding in his left hand a globe with a cross on it as a symbol of the victorious rule of faith. The work was executed and signed by G. Fischer at the Royal Institute for Glass Painting in Berlin. In the north window nII there is the depiction of the Apostle Paul with sword and open book, his posture and direction of view are aligned with the middle window with Christ. Inscribed with Sanctus Paulus in the base zone . In the window sII is decorated with the apostle Peter with key and book, marked with Sanctus Petrus . The founder Maria von Lepel Neuendorf 1879 names the patronage family in a lettering on the right window . In the lower right corner of the window mirror, half covered by a lead profile, is the signature of the glass painter in the Royal Institute for Glass Painting Berlin Ferd. (Inand) Ulrich. The oculi of the windows contain symbolic representations.
The choir windows were probably partly re-leaded in 1985/86 and poorly repaired with yellow ornamental glass mI as well as foreign glass paintings sII and secured on the outside by protective grids.
Tomb
On the south west wall, next to the entrance, is the wooden tomb of Christian Carl von Lepel (1668–1747) from the 18th century. The life-size lying full sculpture of the deceased baron is attached to the sarcophagus . He supports himself with one arm and is represented by the entire posture as a living person, a representation typical for this time. Lance and helmet distinguish him as a soldier in armor with a bundle of trophies. The colored coat of arms of the von Lepel family is depicted in the cartouche. The nine spoons in the family's coat of arms refer to the Middle Low German name lepel for spoon. The life of Carl von Lepel and his war dates are inscribed on the sides of the sarcophagus. The inscription reports: The bones of the blessed Lord Chr. Carl von Lepell, weylandt his royal. Your Majesty ... former Lieutenant Colonel ... born ... in 1668 ... peacefully asleep at Netzelkow ...
Bells
The two bells hanging in the free-standing belfry in front of St. Mary's Church date from the 14th and 15th centuries. The older and larger one has the Latin inscription "O Rex Glorie Christe Veni cum pace Beata es Virgo Maria" (German: O Christe, King of Glory, come with peace - blessed are you, Virgin Mary ) on the upper edge . Lepel's coat of arms is depicted in low relief on the bell mantle . On the same shield it has a Gothic helmet on which a crown made up of only five spoons is placed on it. This corresponds to a very early coat of arms, as it was in use in the 14th century. Even in comparison to the coat of arms on the sarcophagus, it turns out to be the older form in its simple design. According to this, the development of the bell would have to be as early as the 14th century.
At the upper edge of the smaller bell there are round shields, which should possibly contain representations of saints. By a lucky coincidence, it has been preserved to this day. In 1942 this bell was also delivered as war material for the Second World War , but was no longer melted down. Shortly after the end of the war, it was found undamaged in a Hamburg bell depot and was brought back to Netzelkow in 1950.
In addition to a bell in Stolpe , this is said to be one of the oldest bells preserved on the island of Usedom from the Middle Ages.
local community
Netzelkow once formed the smallest parish on the island of Usedom and was subordinate to the patronage of the Barons von Lepel from Neuendorf. Netzelkow has been part of the Krummin - Karlshagen - Zinnowitz parish with the Zinnowitz parish of the Pomeranian Evangelical Church since 1979 and to the Pasewalk provost in the Pomeranian Evangelical Church District of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany since 2001 .
In 1797 the rectory was the birthplace of the pastor's son Johann Wilhelm Meinhold , the author of the novel Maria Schwedler, the Amber Witch. Meinhold was rector in Usedom, pastor in Koserow and Krummin before he left the island.
literature
- Hellmut Hannes: Medieval churches on the island of Usedom. 1982, In: Baltic Studies. NF 68 pp. 25-44.
- Karin Hösch: Zinnowitz, Netzelkow. Passau 1994, ISBN 3-930102-34-X , pp. 10-15.
- Brigitte Metz: Churches on Usedom. Greifswald 2009, ISBN 978-3-937040-23-3 , pp. 69-71.
- State Office for Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Hrsg.): The architectural and art monuments in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Western Pomerania coastal region. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1995, pp. 340–341.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , p. 354.
- Reinhard Kuhl: 19th century stained glass, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Leipzig 2001, ISBN 3-361-00536-1 , pp. 138-139.
- Dirk Schleinert : The history of the island of Usedom. Rostock 2005, ISBN 3-356-01081-6 , pp. 58, 65, 110, 137.
- Karla Bilang: Monastery of the Cistercians and their Church of St. Michael in Krummin on Usedom. Wolgast 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-023843-7 .
swell
Printed sources
Unprinted sources
- Stralsund City Archives
- 1.3.3 The judiciary, foreign courts. No. 1233 Complaint of the ministerial candidate and later Pastor Cornelius zu Netzelkow. 1834-1836.
Web links
- Literature on St. Marien Church (Netzelkow) in the state bibliography MV
- Evangelical St. Marien Church in Netzelkow
Individual evidence
- ↑ PUB I. No. 171, 181, 225.
- ^ Karin Hösch: Netzelkow. 1994, p. 10.
- ↑ Karla Bilang: St. Michael in Crominio (Krummin) becomes a monastery church: 2008, p. 31.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Netzelkow. 2000, p. 354.
- ^ Brigitte Metz: Churches on Usedom. 2009, Church Netzelkow, p. 69 the first extension is given as 1781.
- ^ Evangelical parish Ostseebad Zinnowitz. Church, culture and the sea. About us. 2015.
- ^ Karin Hösch: Netzelkow. 1994, p. 12.
- ↑ a b Karin Hösch: Netzelkow. 1994, p. 13.
- ^ Karin Hösch: Netzelkow. 1994, p. 14.
- ^ Reinhard Kuhl: Glass paintings of the 19th century. 2001, p. 138.
- ^ Reinhard Kuhl: Glass paintings of the 19th century. 2001, p. 139.
- ^ Dirk Schleinert: Art and Architecture of the 17th and 18th Century. In: The history of the island of Usedom. 2005, p. 110.
- ↑ Hellmut Hannes: Medieval village churches on the island of Usedom. 1982, p. 38.
- ^ Brigitte Metz: Churches on Usedom. 2009, Netzelkow Church, pp. 69–70.
Coordinates: 54 ° 1 ′ 25.2 ″ N , 13 ° 54 ′ 19.9 ″ E