St. Andreas (Furtwangen-Neukirch)

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St. Andrew from the northeast
High altar

St. Andreas is the Roman Catholic parish church of Neukirch , a district of Furtwangen in the Black Forest in the Black Forest-Baar district of Baden-Württemberg and thus in the headwaters of the Breg , but also the Wild Gutach . The parish belongs to the pastoral care unit Upper Bregtal of the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

The church is known for the baroque sculptures by Adam Winterhalder and even more the rococo sculptures by Matthias Faller . The sculptures were saved from a church fire at the end of World War II. Both Winterhalder and Faller came from Oberfallengrundhof in Neukirch.

history

The Black Forest remained uninhabited between its western edge and in the east along the line Villingen-Schwenningen - Löffingen until the turn of the first millennium. That changed with the clearing activities of the monasteries - especially St. Margarethen in Waldkirch , founded around 920, St. Georgen in St. Georgen in the Black Forest , founded in 1085, and St. Peter in the Black Forest in St. Peter (Hochschwarzwald) , founded 1093 - and the secular gentlemen behind them, especially the Zähringer . St. Margarethen in Waldkirch may have been involved in the creation of Neukirch, formerly known as “Bregenbach”, but the village belonged to this monastery around 1140, at the time when the Rotulus Sanpetrinus was compiled , a list of properties from St. Peter in the Black Forest , with which it remained until the attack on the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806, in the course of secularization . The Bailiwick came after the extinction of the Zähringer about the Counts of Freiburg and the Lords of Triberg 1355 to the Habsburgs . In 1356 Neukirch (and the neighboring Gütenbach to the north ) was first mentioned as "Newenkilchen" (and "Wu (e) tenbach").

The patronage of the Neukirch parish also reminds of St. Peter's monastery - the apostle Andreas was a brother of Simon Petrus (for example Joh 1,35-42  EU ). St. Andreas was rebuilt around 1430 . First, Neukirch was "equitando pastorized" by the monks of St. Peter . Under Abbot Peter Gremmelsbach , however, it received its own pastor in 1502, who was also responsible for the two-hour walk south of Waldau . It was not until 1761 that Abbot Philipp Jakob Steyrer appointed Waldau's own pastor.

Building history

In 1729 Abbot Ulrich Bürgi , under whom the monastery church was rebuilt, had a new nave built on the Neukirch choir tower from 1430. Bürgi's successor, Philipp Jakob Steyrer, reports: “1729. <...> On May 16, this very abbot <that's Bürgi> will lay the first stone for a new branch church in Neukirch. Abbot Andreas von Maria Cell was present at this solemnity . ”The interior work probably took up the years 1730 and 1731.“ During the summer of 1732, the young sculptor Matthias Faller <from the journeyman's hike> came home. In any case, his father Georg Faller called him home to make the three altars in the local parish church in Bohemia. ”Adam Winterhalder's father Bartholomaeus Winterhalder set up a carving workshop on the Oberfallengrundhof in the middle of the 17th century .

St. Andreas was renovated in 1899 and expanded from three to four window axes between 1909 and 1911. On April 20, 1945, low-flying aircraft sighted German soldiers in Neukirch and then set fire to the church and the Rössle inn. The sacristan and a few helpers were able to save most of the figures of Winterhalder and Faller. The altar structures fell victim to the flames. After restoration, the church was rededicated in 1948. The rescued sculptures were placed on ornamental bases in 1950.

Inside to the east
Inside to the west

building

On the edge of the village is St. Andreas in the middle of the walled cemetery. As always, the square tower houses the choir. A shingled bell storey is placed on the ground floor with square edges and a walled-up pointed arch window in the east , which in turn supports the pyramid roof . To the west are the nave with a gable roof and four arched windows on each side, as well as a low extension with a gable roof and the main entrance.

Inside, a round-arched choir arch separates the nave and the choir, both of which have wooden coffered ceilings that match the chairs in their brown .

Church furnishings

If the church presents its works of art, torn from the original context, like a museum, it still has the atmosphere of a sacred space.

A simple Gothic sacrament house is built into the left choir wall .

The works of Matthias Faller

Manfred Hermann reconstructed the original distribution of the figures on three altars from a photograph. After that, the main altar, in addition to the large crucifix, included Saint Andrew , Joseph of Nazareth with the baby Jesus and John the Baptist . Two putti are burned. The tabernacle is now in the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Kappel (Freiburg im Breisgau) . The left side altar, a Mother of God altar, included, in addition to an Immaculata, Saint Anna , another Joseph of Nazareth (but see below), Nikolaus von Myra and Blasius von Sebaste, as well as Michael and Wendelin in the upper part . The right side altar was dedicated to Saint Anthony the Great . In addition to a figure of Anthony, Saints Sebastian and Rochus of Montpellier and in the upper part Benedict of Nursia and a holy monk, perhaps Dominic, belonged to it .

The three altars were created in this order, the main altar immediately after Faller's return home in 1732. The following message has been received in the Neukirch year book about the Antonius altar :

"Georg Faller on the Upper Fallengrundt, with his late wife Barbara Fortwenglerin, ... let the honorable and chaste youth Matthias Faller, his son, a sculptor, make and erect the Neweren St. Antoni Altar at his expense Ihme, his late housefrawen and also his children, will be followed for an eternal year in (vel circa) mensem Maji. <...> 1735 started to hold this year. Should be determined for Pentecost Tuesday. "

The Antonius Altar was thus completed in May 1735.

  • Figures of today's high altar

  • John the Baptist

  • Sebastian

  • Crucifix with Sebastian and Josef

  • Joseph

  • Rochus

The following works by Faller belong to today's high altar:

  • An "excellently cut" crucifix, also originally on the high altar.
  • John the Baptist with a cross staff, also originally on the high altar, Faller's Black Forest first work. After Manfred Hermann, the figure is no longer a classic baroque. Faller brought movement into it by contraposting . John is characterized by the ecstatic open mouth as a mystical seeker of God, by the camel's hair blowing in the wind as a man of the desert. With his left hand he points out the Lamb of God ( Joh 1,29  EU ) at his feet.
  • Saint Sebastian, pierced by arrows, originally on the right side altar.
  • Saint Joseph with the baby Jesus, also originally at the high altar. “How wonderfully M. Faller observed. The child plays and plucks in Joseph's beard ”.
  • Saint Rochus, originally on the right side altar, with a pilgrim's staff, a pilgrim's shell and on the staff of a bottle. He points with his right hand at a plague bump on his thigh.
  • Figures to the left of the choir arch

  • Benedict

  • Joseph

  • Whole group

  • Anna with Maria

  • Monk, maybe Dominic

On a console to the left of the choir arch are the following works by Faller:

  • St. Benedict of Nursia with the book of his rule , originally on the right side altar.
  • Saint Joseph with the baby Jesus, originally on the left side altar. The figure is also interpreted as Saint Joachim , according to the proto-Gospel of James, Father Mary, with his "daughter Mary as a baby".
  • The Immaculata, originally on the left side altar, wreathed by stars ( Rev 12,1  EU ), with a scepter in the right hand and on the left arm the baby Jesus fighting with a staff of the cross against the serpent at Mary's feet. "Because of its liveliness and elegant presentation, it has become the highlight of Neukirchen's church furnishings."
  • St. Anne, originally on the left side altar, according to the proto-gospel of James, mother of Mary, with her little daughter.
  • A holy monk, perhaps Dominic, originally on the right side altar.
  • Figures to the right of the choir arch

  • Michael

  • Whole group

  • Wendelin

On a console to the right of the choir arch are the following works by Faller:

Anthony the Great
  • St. Michael the Archangel, originally on the left side altar, fighting the devil with a lance.
  • St. Nicholas of Myra with the gold balls of his legend, originally on the left side altar. According to Manfred Hermann, Faller enables a festive encounter with the folk saint with the liveliness of robes and arms, the abundant use of gold on the miter and the crook of the bishop's staff and the finely cut cloak border.
  • St. Andrew with the St. Andrew's cross of his martyrdom, originally on the high altar.
  • Saint Blasius, originally on the left side altar, with the two crossed candles with which the Blasius blessing is given on February 3rd . Like Nicholas, the figure shows the canon of forms of the Rococo.
  • Saint Wendelin, originally on the left side altar.

In a niche on the right-hand side of the nave in front of the choir arch, Faller's Saint Anthony stands with a book, his dewstick and the “Antonius pig ”, which reminds of the Antonites' privilege to let their pigs roam freely in the streets and alleys. Originally, the figure stood in the middle of the right side altar, flanked to the left by Sebastian and to the right by Rochus - all three saints who were invoked by people and cattle in the event of epidemics.

The works of Adam Winterhalder

  • crucifix

  • Augustine

  • Gregory the Great

  • Heronymus

  • Ambrose

After the death of his father Bartholomäus in 1680, Adam Winterhalder took over his workshop on the Oberfallengrundhof, where he worked until he moved to Vöhrenbach in 1695 . The crucifix hanging on the south wall of the ship today is his first known work. “The head of the still alive, which is slightly inclined to the right shoulder, is raised, the arms are stretched straight up. An INRI plaque above Jesus' head shows the ornamental shapes typical of Adam Winterhalder with volute bars and cartilage structures, and at the bottom there is a multi-tiered cloud with the Jesus name IHS .

Winterhalder also carved the four Latin doctors of the church Augustinus von Hippo , Pope Gregory the Great , Hieronymus and Ambrosius of Milan , who originally stood on the basket of the pulpit that was burned in 1945 and are now gathered in a niche on the left wall of the nave. Overall, Manfred Hermann finds very simple Works that give an idea of ​​the artist to come.

literature

  • Ernst Hug: The monastery sculptor Matthias Faller 1707–1791 . St. Märgen 1990 (illustrated book with commentary).
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Volume 2: The art monuments of the Villingen district. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Freiburg im Breisgau 1890, p. 60 ( digitized version ).
  • Discover regional studies online Baden-Württemberg: Neukirch. Digitized. Retrieved on May 17, 2015. Except for the resolutions of the abbreviations, the texts are identical to: Ichenheim. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI. Freiburg administrative district. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , pp. 366-367.
  • Heribert Saldik: The history of the upper Bregtal. An introduction to the historical development of the cities of Furtwangen, Vöhrenbach and their districts as well as the community of Gütenbach. Freiburg 2011 ( digitized version ).
  • Klaus Weber, Wilhelm Dotter: From the history of Neukirch. 2nd edition, Neukirch 1991.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Discover Baden-Württemberg online.
  2. ↑ Balance 2011. p. 61.
  3. ↑ Weber and Dotter 1991, p. 22.
  4. ^ Franz Kern: Philipp Jakob Steyrer, 1749–1795 abbot of the Benedictine monastery of St. Peter in the Black Forest. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Volume 79, 1959, pp. 1-234, here p. 81 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Jäger: Abbot Ulrich Bürgi. Steyrer's chronicle for the years 1719–1739. In: Hans Otto Mühleisen: St. Peter in the Black Forest. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich and Zurich 1977, ISBN 3-7954-0408-8 , pp. 193–214, here p. 205.
  6. ^ Manfred Hermann in Stephanie Zumbrink (conception): Matthias Faller - The baroque sculptor from the Black Forest . For the exhibition "Matthias Faller - the Baroque sculptor from the Black Forest" May 17 - September 2, 2007 in the St. Märgen Monastery Museum. Ed .: Community of St. Märgen. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007, ISBN 978-3-89870-382-6 , p. 80 .
  7. ↑ Balance 2011, p. 121.
  8. ↑ Kraus 1890.
  9. ^ Hermann in Stephanie Zumbrink (conception): Matthias Faller - The Baroque sculptor from the Black Forest . For the exhibition "Matthias Faller - the Baroque sculptor from the Black Forest" May 17 - September 2, 2007 in the St. Märgen Monastery Museum. Ed .: Community of St. Märgen. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007, ISBN 978-3-89870-382-6 , p. 85 .
  10. ↑ Barbara born Furtwänglerin died on May 9, 1734.
  11. ↑ Hug 1990, p. 108.
  12. ^ Manfred Hermann in Stephanie Zumbrink (conception): Matthias Faller - The baroque sculptor from the Black Forest . For the exhibition "Matthias Faller - the Baroque sculptor from the Black Forest" May 17 - September 2, 2007 in the St. Märgen Monastery Museum. Ed .: Community of St. Märgen. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007, ISBN 978-3-89870-382-6 , p. 80 .
  13. ↑ Hug 1990, p. 111.
  14. ↑ Hug 1990, p. 118.
  15. ^ A b Hermann in Stephanie Zumbrink (conception): Matthias Faller - The baroque sculptor from the Black Forest . For the exhibition "Matthias Faller - the Baroque sculptor from the Black Forest" May 17 - September 2, 2007 in the St. Märgen Monastery Museum. Ed .: Community of St. Märgen. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007, ISBN 978-3-89870-382-6 , p. 81 .
  16. ↑ Manfred Hermann: To the Black Forest sculptors Winterhalder in Neukirch and Vöhrenbach. In: Bernd Mathias Kremer (ed.): Art and spiritual culture on the Upper Rhine. Festschrift for Hermann Brommer on his 70th birthday. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 1996, ISBN 3-931820-01-7 , pp. 61–83, here p. 70.
  17. ↑ Manfred Hermann: To the Black Forest sculptors Winterhalder in Neukirch and Vöhrenbach. In: Bernd Mathias Kremer (ed.): Art and spiritual culture on the Upper Rhine. Festschrift for Hermann Brommer on his 70th birthday. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 1996, ISBN 3-931820-01-7 , pp. 61–83, here p. 71.

Coordinates: 48 ° 1 ′ 19.5 ″  N , 8 ° 10 ′ 30 ″  E