St. Peter and Paul (Freiburg-Kappel)

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St. Peter and Paul is the Roman Catholic parish church of Kappel , a district of Freiburg im Breisgau . Built in the Baroque style, it is also the location of an older, late Gothic , much venerated image of the Virgin Mary. The parish together with St. Barbara in Freiburg- Littenweiler , St. Hilarius in Freiburg- Ebnet and Holy Trinity in Freiburg- Waldsee form the Freiburg-Ost pastoral care unit of the Freiburg dean's office within the Freiburg Archdiocese . The church and its history have been researched in particular by the Merdingen teacher and art historian Hermann Brommer .

St. Peter and Paul from the southeast
St. Peter and Paul from the northeast

history

A chapel gave Kappel its name, which used to be "Capelle". It is not known when the chapel became a church. In any case, the place and its church are first mentioned in 1272. At that time, the Lords of Rötteln handed over their entire Kappel property to the Freiburg Commandery of the Teutonic Order . Besides St. Gallus in Kirchzarten, the parish was the only one in the “Zartener Becken”, the Dreisamtal east of Freiburg, and is named in 1275 in the Liber decimationis , the tithe book of the Diocese of Constance , the second richest of the Deanery Wasenweiler after St. Gallus Kirchzarten. From the middle of the 15th century, the Wilhelmitenkloster in Oberried acquired property in Kappel piece by piece. In 1725, the Benedictine Abbey of St. Blasien and the Oberried priory also took over local rule in Kappel. The church rate , i.e. the economic right of use and the right of presentation when choosing the pastor, remained with the German rulers.

By 1476 at the latest, a Barbara chapel stood on the Sonnenberg above Littenweiler as a branch of St. Peter and Paul. In 1916 Littenweiler became a parish curate , in 1944 its own parish. In 1496 a Marian Brotherhood was founded in Kappel . She participated in the financing of the church building. In the course of Josephinism it was abolished in 1785. Kappel's relationship to the Teutonic Order and St. Blasien ended in 1806 with secularization . Since then, both the right of presentation as well as the local and regional authority have been with the Grand Duchy of Baden .

Building history

  • drafts

  • Floor plan of Bagnatos 1739

  • Elevation of Bagnatos 1739

  • Elevation Willams 1747

In 1651 the old church, of which nobody knew “when or by whom it was built for the first or last supper”, was ruinous. In 1736 the builder of the Teutonic Order, Johann Caspar Bagnato , inspected them. A year later, the citizens of Kappl wrote to the order commander that it was "abandoned, in what a wretched and very miserable state our old parish church at Cappel was". Two years later, Bagnato prepared cracks and a cost estimate for a completely new building. However, the Teutonic Order and the “parish children” fought over the assumption of costs. It was not until 1746, after an arbitration ruling by the Konstanz Ordinariate , that an agreement was reached: The Teutonic Order came for the choir, the parishioners paid for the nave. The Marian Brotherhood added 500 guilders . Pastor Johann Kaspar Schrenk (pastor in Kappel from 1726 until his death in 1748) also donated 600 guilders. The builder was Hans Willam from St. Peter (Black Forest) . On August 23, 1749 a new church from Constance was Auxiliary Bishop Franciscus Carolus Joseph Fugger of Kirchberg (1708 to 1769) consecrated .

Bagnato had suggested that the new building should be "put over the wall and that the choir should be left standing and turned into a sacristey". Accordingly, it was stated in Hans Willams work contract in 1746 that “in the old choir, which will be made into the sacristy, the old windows will be changed and bricked up as much as necessary”. The axis of today's church is rotated 90 degrees compared to the old one, the choir is in the north and the main entrance in the south.

In 1874 St. Peter and Paul was renovated inside. From 1898 to 1900 a foundation carried out a considerable redesign with an enlargement of the gallery, ceiling paintings and a new organ. In 1917 the church received electric lighting and in 1939 central heating. Further restorations took place from 1953 to 1956 and 1962 to 1963. In 1962, the sacristy that had arisen from the choir of the previous church was redesigned. A pointed arched window discovered in the process from the previous building, today in the parish garden, can be dated to the 14th century. For the time being, the last renovation, in 1978, the Badische Zeitung wrote that “the trend that has been observed in recent years to renovate old church rooms in a stylish manner is continuing. The puristic phase of the years between 1965 and 1975, which with reference to <...> the liturgical reform banned many valuable altars and numerous other works of art from the churches, seems to have ended. <...> Discreet, but still reminiscent of the colorful Baroque, the church now presents itself after the color of the ceiling and the stuccoing, as well as after the renovation of the altars. “It has regained its previous harmony.

building

Bagnato modified his approximately simultaneous St. Remigius Church in Merdingen to simplify matters . As in Merdingen, a tower was to be incorporated into the portal wall. But his plan made a simple bell shape out of Merdingen's multi-curved “ Welscher hood ”; from the magnificent, idiosyncratic and innovative portal wall, a barely structured surface. The small parish in Kappel could not afford decorations, stucco work and ceiling paintings like those in Merdingen. Willam had to reduce Bagnato's plan again. The longitudinal expansion was reduced. The tower became a roof turret .

Look at the choir
View to the organ gallery

The north-south oriented hall church , landmark of the place, today baroque white, nestles above the old, walled churchyard on the flank of the Petersberg. Stone steps lead to the arched south portal with the year 1747 in the apex. Two empty figure niches open to the side, above a window with bulging walls above and below. The nave has three in the west (left) and two in the east (right), the semicircular choir has two arched windows and a blind window in the apex . There is an additional rectangular door in the west wall. The pretty eight-sided roof ridge closes with an onion hood.

Inside, the flat ceiling spans a hollow. A semicircular triumphal arch leads into the choir. Two stone pillars support the organ loft that swings forward.

Furnishing

Main altar
Tabernacle of the main altar

The ceiling paintings in the ship, the "conversion of Saul to Paul " ( Acts 9,1-7  EU ), and in the choir, the lamb , symbol of Jesus, on the apocalyptic book with the seven seals ( Rev 5,1  EU ), belong for the redesign from 1898 to 1900 and originate from Otto Endres (1876–1934) and his brother Anselm.

Altars

New altars were only procured for St. Peter and Paul a few years after they were built. Each altar both sides framed by two pillars, the extracts balance on both sides of two Putten . The two side altars are designed symmetrically.

The high altar was acquired by the Dominican monastery in Freiburg in 1754 , but has been heavily modified since then. Today's main picture between the four pillars, Peter and Paul, was created in 1874 by Dominik Weber (1819–1887). The decorative "cheeks" were attached to the columns during the restoration from 1953 to 1956. Also on the occasion of this restoration, the parish of St. Andreas in Neukirch gave the Kappeler Church an extra tabernacle by Matthias Faller , which proved to be "an ornament of the high altar in terms of its dimensions and style." Faller has carved a crucifix in front of a landscape with a church in the door . The top of the altar shows God the Father .

  • Left side altar

  • overall view

  • Sebastian

  • Crescent Madonna

  • Blasius

The left side altar, Marienaltar, was founded in 1755 by the Marienbruderschaft. In the center is the old miraculous image, a crescent moon Madonna ascribed to Hans Wydyz and carved in Freiburg in the first decade of the 16th century . According to the Berlin art historian Sibylle Groß, it has been taken at least four times and its quality is therefore difficult to assess, especially since parts like the Christ Child are modern ingredients. She became a model for other figures of Mary. "For the popularity of the Kappeler Maria, besides her admiration, the balanced composition and the restrained charm of her figure may have been decisive, which triggered admiration and made her a certain fame." On the left is St. Sebastian , on the right St. Blasius von Sebaste , the latter perhaps because of its affiliation with the monastery of St. Blasien. Like the angels who carry attributes, they come from the workshop of Johann Baptist Sellinger . The upper picture shows Saint Agatha of Catania , a palm branch and according to her legend, carrying her cut off breasts.

  • Right side altar

  • overall view

  • Joseph

  • Anna herself the third

  • Johannes Nepomuk

  • Michael

The sculptures of the youngest altar, the right side altar, Anne Altar, 1767, already belong to the elegant Rococo . In the center is a "mother Anna selbdritt" , namely Anna , the mother of Maria, Maria and the baby Jesus, probably by Franz Xaver Anton Hauser (1712–1772) or Franz Anton Xaver Hauser (1739–1819) based on a design by Johann Christian Wentzinger carved. The minor characters, St. Joseph of Nazareth with the baby Jesus, St. John Nepomuk and the associated putti, "chubby heavenly children with pointed noses and somewhat haughty dropped eyelids", carved Fidelis Sporer . The upper picture, St. Michael the Archangel , was painted by Franz Joseph Rösch (1723–1777).

Others

crucifix
Agatha

A late Gothic crucifix from the previous church hangs on the left wall of the nave. On the right side of the nave between the Anne altar and the pulpit leans the grave slab of the pastor at the time of the building, Johann Kaspar Schrenk. A half-length figure of St. Agatha is attached above, perhaps by the Freiburg sculptor Andreas Hochsing († August 15, 1736 in Horb am Neckar ). The font dates from 1840.

Organ from 1980

The first organ with eight registers and a manual was built by Xaver Bernauer (1768–1831) and his father Blasius (1740–1818) from Staufen im Breisgau in 1801 . The organ expert Bernd Sulzmann (1940–1999) saved this instrument, which is now located in the organ builder's hall of the Waldkirch Organ Foundation after a stopover in Ettenheim. It was replaced by an instrument made by August Merklin (1860–1940) in Kappel during the redesign from 1898 to 1900. In 1980, today's third organ was inaugurated by Johannes Rohlf . It has 18 stops on two manuals.

Appreciation

Brommer judges that the baroque character of the interior and its furnishings was impaired in the 19th century, but that the restorations since 1953 have largely regained it. The eye-catcher are the three altars, whose tabernacles, statues and pictures are admired testimonies of Breisgau baroque art, especially of the circle around Johann Christian Wentzinger. "The late Gothic miraculous image, the Kappel Brotherhood Madonna, fits gracefully into the overall furnishings."

literature

  • Hermann Brommer : Kappel in the valley. Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul . Schnell and Steiner publishing house, Munich and Zurich 1979.
  • Hermann Brommer: The parish church of St. Peter and Paul in Kappel in the valley. In: City of Freiburg, local administration Kappel (ed.): Kappel im Tal. Village community and district. A local history. 1993. ISBN 3-7930-0683-2 , pp. 283-316.
  • State Monuments Office Baden-Württemberg and District Office Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald: District of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. List of cultural monuments. I. The architectural and art monuments of the former Freiburg district. Freiburg im Breisgau 1974.
  • Discover Kappel in regional studies online Baden-Württemberg . Retrieved January 11, 2015
  • Christoph Schmider: The parish of St. Peter and Paul in Kappel. In: City of Freiburg, local administration Kappel (ed.): Kappel im Tal. Village community and district. A local history. 1993. ISBN 3-7930-0683-2 , pp. 255-277.
  • State archive administration Baden-Württemberg: Kappel . In: Freiburg im Breisgau, Stadtkreis and Landkreis, Official District Description Volume II, 1. Rombach-Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 1974, pp. 500–550.

Web links

Commons : Saints Peter and Paul  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Website of the pastoral care unit. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  2. ↑ a b Discover regional studies online.
  3. ^ State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg 1974.
  4. ↑ Brommer 1979, p. 3.
  5. ↑ Hans Martin Gubler: Johann Caspar Bagnato 1696–1757 and the construction of the Teutonic Order in the Alsace-Burgundy Ballei in the 18th century. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1985, ISBN 3-7995-7031-4 , p. 262.
  6. ↑ Brommer 1979, p. 4, and Schmider 1993, pp. 261 and 265
  7. ^ Fugger in the catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  8. ↑ Brommer 1979, p. 12.
  9. ↑ Brommer 1993, p. 294.
  10. ↑ Brommer 1993, pp. 305-306.
  11. ^ Badische Zeitung, September 30, 1978.
  12. ↑ Brommer 1993, pp: 306 and 316.
  13. ↑ Brommer 1993, p. 309.
  14. ^ Sibylle Groß: The late Gothic crescent moon Madonna in the parish church in Kappel in the valley. In: City of Freiburg, local administration Kappel (ed.): Kappel im Tal. Village community and district. A local history. 1993. ISBN 3-7930-0683-2 , pp. 317-320.
  15. ↑ Brommer 1993, p. 300.
  16. ^ Franz Geßler: Return after years of "exile". In: Schwarzwälder Bote from November 4, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  17. ↑ Sulzmann Archive ( online )
  18. ↑ Brommer 1993, pp. 303, 306 and 311.
  19. ↑ Brommer 1979, pp. 20-21.

Coordinates: 47 ° 57 ′ 59.1 ″  N , 7 ° 54 ′ 29 ″  E