St. Marien (Gransee)

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St. Marien Church Gransee, view from the northeast

St. Marien is the Protestant town church in Gransee and was a Jakobikirche before it was renamed . The hall church , built of brick from the third quarter of the 14th century, including parts of a previous building erected in the 13th century, dominates the silhouette of the city with its two unequal spiers.

history

The first church in Gransee, which was built in the 13th century and was granted city rights in 1262, was a field stone basilica , the ground plan of which was excavated in 1961.

Using parts of the previous church, the construction of a Gothic hall church began in the 14th century , which was completed around 1450 with the four western bays of the nave. Around 1510 to 1520 the two-storey extension was built on the south side as a portal vestibule with a gallery above.

In 1709 the north tower was completed with a slate roof as a counterpart to the brick pyramid helmet of the south tower from the early 15th century. The narrow space separating the two towers was built over.

In the 1860s the tower hall received its neo-Gothic vaults. Restorations took place in the 1960s and 1990s.

Theodor Fontane received this church extensively in his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg .

architecture

Exterior construction

The substructure of the west tower, made of stone blocks , dates back to the 13th century and contains a pointed arched, three-tiered portal. Above it rise an unadorned brick floor with pointed arched openings and an upper floor with gothic panels, which anticipates the two-tower structure of the upper end. The two free floors of the west towers from the 15th century, which are square in plan, have ogival sound openings over a surrounding lattice frieze made of shaped bricks, which are flanked by two-part ogive arches. The south tower ends with a massive octagonal pyramid point set back over an octagonal substructure, while the north tower only received its multi-tiered wooden tower spire , which is covered with slate, at the beginning of the 18th century . On the north side, the upper floors of the tower are accessed by a polygonal stair tower protruding from the center of the wall , which was built in the course of the addition of the stone tower in the 14th century.

  • View from the west

  • Stair tower on the north side

  • South extension from the east

  • East gable

The seven-bay nave adjoining the west towers has sloping buttresses at the corners and three apsidal ends in the east . The central nave ends in a polygon made up of three sides of an octagon, while the side aisles protrude triangularly from the east wall. Above the apses rises the monumental gable that closes off the high, beaver - tails gable roof of the church.

The side walls of the nave are provided with simple buttresses and have simply profiled pointed arch windows, which are divided into three lanes by bars . The outer walls, erected over a field stone base with a molded stone profile above, are unadorned except for a tracery frieze made of molded stones below the eaves. The frieze is more elaborate on the three eastern bays that were built first than on the western part of the nave. The buttresses at the corners of the nave and the outer walls of the north facade in the western nave have similar shaped stone decorations.

Western north portal ("bridal door")

The nave is accessed via two portals on the north and south sides. The north-facing portals are more richly designed than their counterparts in the south, of which the east is covered by the extension built at the beginning of the 16th century. The north portal in the east has a stepped garment with set columns, while the western portal leading into the second nave yoke, the so-called bridal door, is decorated with a decorative field of four-pass tracery behind the closing Wimperg .

The east gable is structured by pointed arches and pillars decorated with molded stone tracery. The sloping buttresses end here with pyramid-shaped pinnacles . Above the front sides of the aisles, three rising panels are arranged following the roof slopes, the two longer ones of which have a two-lane structure with a concluding round panel. In the axis of the nave piers, square pillars with crab-studded pinnacles rise, in between a row of four two-lane panels, terminating with four-pass tracery, appear above the main apse. In the upper level there is a panel flanked by two pillars with four-pass tracery on the ridge of the gable. The east gable of the Marienkirche is seen as a reduction form of the much more richly formed decorative gable of the Prenzlauer Marienkirche .

The southern extension is accessed on the south side through a gable portal flanked by simple pointed arches. A polygonal stair tower in the western corner of the nave provides access to the upper floor. In addition, the west wall on the ground floor is opened by a two-part pointed arch window with shaped stone framing, while on the east side a simple pointed arch panel frames an arched opening behind it. The south extension opens up on the upper floor with three two- or three-lane pointed arch windows. The gable field is decorated with four pointed arches with crosses composed of dew-shaped shaped stone rods.

inner space

The tower hall behind the west portal is a high room with steep proportions, the ceiling of which is formed by a ribbed vault built in from 1862 to 1864 in gothic forms. The nave appears as a broadly proportioned hall space seven bays in length with ribbed vaults that rest on octagonal pillars. These are adorned by high plinths and a capital zone adorned with masks and foliage made of terracotta . The edges are accentuated with round bars. The transverse rectangular central nave yokes slightly correspond to the longitudinally rectangular yokes in the side aisles. The medieval coloring of the architectural elements was restored and completed during a restoration from 1961 to 1965.

  • Vault in the tower hall

  • View from the west portal to the east

  • Vault of the central nave

  • View through the central nave to the west

  • “Nuns choir” of the beguines , accessible from the outside

  • Eastern choir closure

  • Chancel with splendid carpet

The eastern yoke of the south aisle has a room sunk below the floor level, originally only accessible from the choir , which was laid out as a sacristy or reliquary room and is provided with a ribbed vault.

The south extension contains a rib-vaulted portal vestibule on the inside and a star-vaulted room called the nuns choir on the upper floor , which is open to the south aisle.

The originally three-sided gallery built into the west yoke of the central nave was built in the second half of the 19th century in neo-Gothic form and was later reduced to today's size.

Furnishing

Stained glass

The glass paintings in the main choir and the southern side choir were created in 1911. From Charles de Bouché pictures are of the Mount of Olives and the Crucifixion , while the design for the presentation of "Christ as Childfriend" on Ernst Christian Pfannschmidt back.

Altars

The church now has two medieval altars . The carved altar from around 1520 in the main apse shows a crucifixion relief in the center shrine and two carved figures on the inside of the wings in two fields placed one above the other. In the right wing the Saints Catherine and Elisabeth are depicted above and the Visitation below. Figures of Saints George and Michael appear above in the left wing , below the two Johannes. The predella is decorated with a depiction of the entombment . The damaged paintings on the outside of the wings show the third of Anna on the left and two saints on the right. During a restoration carried out in 1964, a new frame was produced for the late Gothic figures, which replaced their attachment to a baroque altar structure.

The so-called Anne Altar in the north apse was probably created around 1520/1530 in southern Germany and was formerly in the Franciscan Church in Gransee. The late Gothic paintings show the Christ child, flanked by Anna and Maria , with a scepter and orb, flanked by Anna and Maria . Joachim and Joseph are shown in the background . On the side panels the saints Margaret and Apollonia are depicted on the left and Barbara and Dorothea on the right. The wings show Bonaventure between Maria Magdalena and Sebastian on the left and Bernardine of Siena between Erasmus and Martin on the right . The high-quality representations are framed with tendrils and plants in renaissance forms .

Further equipment

View of the organ gallery

The larger-than-life triumphal cross group located on a beam on the fifth pair of pillars of the nave dates from around 1500. Two small carved angel figures were created at the beginning of the 15th century. Four figures of saints carved in relief, originally part of a carved altar, were brought together in a new shrine.

The organ is a work by Joachim Wagner from 1744 and has a late baroque front . The interior was renewed in 1968 by Alexander Schuke , who included 363 organ pipes from Wagner in the new building. The instrument has 28 registers , which are divided into two manuals and pedal . In 2012 a restoration took place under the supervision of Klaus Eichhorn by the Mecklenburg Orgelbau company .

A gravestone with a relief depicting the deceased in armor was created for Hermann Bellin († 1582). Another gravestone with a relief figure was created for a Hermann Bellin († 1579) who died as a child. An inscription tombstone commemorates the mayor Ernst Germershausen, who died in 1668.

A chamber separated from the tower hall in the north in 1963 contains a carved figure of Saint Wolfgang from around 1470 , a brass baptismal bowl dated 1638 , a chasuble cross with relief embroidery and two chasubles from the second quarter of the 15th century and from around 1500 .

literature

Web links

Commons : St. Marien (Gransee)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information about the organ on orgbase.nl. Retrieved January 22, 2020 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 0 ′ 26.6 "  N , 13 ° 9 ′ 30.3"  E