Sukjong (Goryeo)

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Sukjong
15th King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 숙종
Hanja 肅宗
Revised Romanization Sukjong
McCune-Reischauer Sukchong
Reign
Reign of 1095
Reign until 1105
predecessor King Heonjong
successor King Yejong
Life dates
Born on the September 2, 1054
place of birth Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕옹
Hanja 王 顒
Revised Romanization Wang Ong
McCune-Reischauer Wang Ong
father King Munjong ( 문종 )
mother Queen Inye of the Incheon Lee Clan ( 인예 )
Death dates
Died on November 10, 1105
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Myeongui of the Jeongju Yu Clan ( 명의 )
Sons King Yejong ( 예종 )
and six other sons who were made princes
Daughters four daughters who were made princesses

King Sukjong ( Korean 숙종 ) (born September 2, 1054 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † November 10, 1105 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 15th King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1095 to 1105 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Sukjong was the third born son of King Munjong ( 문종 ) and his wife Queen Inye ( 인예 ), who came from the Incheon Lee clan. At his birth, Sukjong was given the name Wang Ong ( 왕옹 ). King Sukjong was married to Queen Myeongui ( 명의 ), who came from the Jeongju Yu clan. The marriage resulted in seven sons and four daughters. The firstborn son Wang U ( 왕우 ) succeeded him as King Yejong ( 예종 ) after Sukjong's death . All other children did not get beyond the status of princes and princesses.

King Sukjong was particularly interested in the literature of his empire. In 1101, for example, he inspected the royal archive and gave the collection of works a special seal. Works were also kept in Buddhist monasteries. The first works of the Buddhist canon were kept in 44 different monasteries in the country.

After King Seongjong had coins minted as a means of payment in 996, King Sukjong made sure in 1102 that the means of payment consisted of copper money and was known under the name Haedong Ttongbo ( 해동 통보 ) and referred to as a "circulating treasure" . But the means of payment did not catch on. Instead, silver was used for payments and often as a bribe.

In 1104, King Sukjong had a royal palace built in Namgyong, the southern capital of the Goryeo Empire, today's Seoul . The Blue House , which serves as the official residence of the President of South Korea, now stands where the buildings used to be.

In terms of foreign policy, King Sukjong had to defend himself against the increased attacks by the Jurchen from the north. After a few losses, he formed a new special military unit, called Byeolmuban ( 별무반 ), which, however, was only successfully used against the Jurchen in 1107, two years after King Sukjong's death. The new unit consisted of a cavalry called Singigun ( 신기 군 / 神 騎軍 ) formed by the aristocrats, an infantry called Sinbogun ( 신보 군 ) made up of farmers and a group of organized Buddhist monks , whose group called themselves Hangmagun ( 항마군 ).

King Sukjong died on November 10, 1105. His tomb is not known.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
  • Hiyoul Kim : Korean History . Asgard, St. Augustin 2004, ISBN 3-537-82040-2 .
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  369 .
  2. ↑ 숙종 [ 肅宗 , 1054 ~ 1105]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 6, 2019 (Korean).
  3. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Libraries . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  831 .
  4. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  122 .
  5. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Ch'ong Wa Dae (Ch'ongwadae) . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  142 .
  6. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  127 f .
  7. ↑ Kim : Korean History . 2004, p.  73 .
personal data
SURNAME Sukjong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang Ong
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 15. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH September 2, 1054
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaesŏng , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH November 10, 1105
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo