Türje
| Türje | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Western Transdanubia | ||||
| County : | Zala | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Zalaszentgrót | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 59 ' N , 17 ° 6' E | ||||
| Area : | 38.23 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 1,622 (2014) | ||||
| Population density : | 42 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 83 | ||||
| Postal code : | 8796 | ||||
| Structure and administration (status: 2014) | |||||
| Community type : | local community | ||||
| Mayor : | Ferenc László Nagy (since 2011) (independent) | ||||
| Postal address : | Szabadság tér 9. 8796 Türje |
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| Website : | |||||
Türje is a Hungarian municipality in the former small area of Zalaszentgrót in Zala County . The German name is Foerla , Latinized Iurla ; The Hungarian word Türje means Lehmann (in the sense of Lehnsmann) in German.
geography
location
The municipality of Türje is located in the northeastern part of Zala County (Zala megye), east of the bend of the Zala River (German: Salla ), in a plain not far from the Keszthely Mountains (highest point: 444 m). Türje is famous for its abbey, an abandoned Premonstratensian monastery.
The municipality of Türje is on the railway line from Boba via Zalaegerszeg to Őrihodos (today Hodoš , Slovenia); regional trains to Zalaegerszeg and Celldömölk stop here , as well as some express trains to Budapest . There is no long-distance road through the village, but Türje can be easily reached from all directions via secondary roads. Türje is connected with the next larger neighboring municipality Zalaszentgrót by numerous bus connections. There are also regular bus connections with Sümeg and Zalaegerszeg. Budapest, Győr and Veszprém can also be reached with direct long-distance bus lines.
The distances from Türje (Zalabér-Batyk) are 25 km to Zalaegerszeg, 102 km to Veszprém, 115 km to Győr, 214 km to Budapest, 204 km to Vienna and 202 km to Graz .
Weather
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Monthly averages for Türje
Source: [1]
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The following average values have been determined over the past thirty years: The average temperature is 10.3 degrees Celsius. The annual average rainfall is 628 mm. The driest month is February with an average of 30 mm of precipitation, the wettest month is June with an average of 77 mm of precipitation.
Residents
Development of the population:
| date | Residents (main residences) |
|---|---|
| January 1980 | 2,087 |
| January 1990 | 1,951 |
| January 2001 | 1,844 |
| January 2011 | 1,637 |
| January 2014 (estimate) | 1,622 |
Monastery complex
Church of the Annunciation and Premonstratensian Monastery
history
From the foundation to the Middle Ages
Türje was first mentioned in a document in 1234 because of the construction of a monastery, in the visit book of the provost (Hungarian vizitációs jegyzőkönyvből ), who inspected the building work. Other sources assume it was founded in 1184 and report that the village was founded by Count Lambert Türje. The noble landlords of Türje are still mentioned again around 1220. When the Premonstratensian monastery was founded there, Türje was probably already an important town, because this order only founded its monasteries in important places. At that time the place and all the villages in the area were owned by the noble lords of Türje, from this family the place got its name. The most important representative of the Lords of Türje was Dénes von Türje. He served from 1220 to 1230 under King Andrew II and under his successor, King Bela IV. Because of his loyalty and merits in the battles with the Mongols, he was appointed Palatine (Hungarian nádor ), the highest dignitary in the kingdom in 1245 and a little later to the Ban of Slavonia.
His nephew Fülöp (German: Philipp) Szentgróti, who later became Archbishop of Gran , obtained from Pope Alexander IV in 1260 . Privileges for the monastery such as the notarial right and self-administration and thus contributed significantly to the upswing of the place and the monastery. The provost's office existed in Türje between 1268 and 1566. The 14th century Türje consisted of three districts: Klein-Türje, Groß-Türje and Sankt-Thomas-Türje (Hungarian: Kistürjé , Nagytürjé and Szenttamástürjé ). There were also churches in the latter two districts. In the 15th century, the wealthy nobility got involved in several disputes. In the course of this fighting, the serfs there were attacked and robbed several times. At that time, Türje was an important settlement on the trade route between Buda and Venice .
Modern times
The first Turkish invasion occurred in 1532 . As part of the advance of Sultan Suleyman I towards Austria, the Turks attacked Türje for the first time and devastated it. In order to keep the financial damage from these Turkish attacks to a minimum, the municipality of Türje received market rights from 1535 (= the right to hold a market day several times a year).
The Türje family died out around 1547 and the area fell to the Hagymásy family, who originally came from Kisbecskerek (German: Klein-Betschkerek ) in the Banat. Around 1550 the Reformation arrived and the monks were driven out. Monastery life no longer existed for the next few years.
Fighting between the Protestant troops of Kristóf Szentgróti Hagymásy and the Catholics led to severe devastation in the provost house, with damage of over 400 gold forints.
In 1566 Christian mercenaries from Sümeg Castle attacked the monastery and parish church of Türje and partially burned it down. Only the towers remained intact. The last provost, Benedek (German: Benedikt) Kövesy, fled to Veszprém with his brothers . From this point on there was no more provost office in Türje; the office remained, but the office and the title of provost were now transferred to the bishop of Veszprém, András Köves, who had Türje expanded into a border castle against the Turkish attacks. A number of these border castles can be found on a straight line from Lake Balaton to Miskolc (from southwest to northeast Hungary). Although the Turks did not frequently besieged the Türje Castle (for example in 1537 and 1664), the population had to pay the Turks a “Turkish tax” (protection money) in order not to be besieged any further.
As part of the Counter Reformation, the place was further depopulated because the Protestant residents had to leave the area.
In 1663 the Hagymásy family died out and the Batthyány family acquired the place and the lands around Türje, they remained owners until they were expropriated by the communist government in 1948.
In the course of the last Turkish attack on Vienna in 1683, Türje was almost completely depopulated by the acts of war.
From 1690 the place was quickly rebuilt and repopulated. In 1703 the district of Klein-Türje was given back market rights. During the Rákóczi -Freiheitskrieges was 1703 Türje a center of Kuruc used and was of them as an important supply base. The Austrians did not succeed in retaking until 1707, when Field Marshal Amadeus de Bussy-Rabutin captured Türje and burned it down.
From the year 1720 the Premonstratensian Order returned and settled in Türje again. From 1724 the new monastery was built under Adalbert Pintár, which was completed in 1779. In 1761, the painter and fresco artist Stephan Dorfmeister was commissioned to paint the interior of the monastery church. Most of his frescoes were unfortunately destroyed in a church fire in 1790. The monuments in the village - the Marian column, the Saint Anthony sculpture and the Saint Florian sculpture (the oldest; erected under Adalbert Pintár in 1725) - also date from this era.
The provost's office was under the Premonstratensian monastery in Pernegg until 1738 . Then Abbot von Pernegg sold the Türje Monastery to the Hradisch Monastery in Moravia (now the Czech Republic). The village of Türje grew continuously until 1850. The landowners of Türje were either the Propstei or the Batthyány family. The Hungarian and German residents of Türje lived next to agriculture mainly from viticulture.
In the second half of the 19th century, the development of the place slowed; he always remained an agricultural village. In 1876 the place lost its market rights.
With the opening of the railway line from Ukk to Čakovec (Csáktornya, today in Croatia) in 1890, there was a slight industrialization of the place. In Batyk, a railway line to Balatonszentgyörgy (today the municipality of Kéthely and Keszthely , German: Kestell ) branched off earlier , but was discontinued in 1970 after the construction of a new station in Batyk.
In 1948 the monastery school was nationalized by the communist government and the Batthyány family expropriated. In 1950 the monastery was closed.
In the 1960s, a bit of industry settled in the village: a state agricultural production cooperative, a sewing shop and a transport company. Therefore there was only a small amount of emigration (rural exodus) to Türje.
With the opening of the railway line from Ukk to Čakovec ( Hungarian Csáktornya ) in Croatia in 1890, there was a slight industrialization of the place. In Batyk, a railway line to Balatonszentgyörgy and Keszthely previously branched off , but this was discontinued in 1970 after the construction of a new station in Batyk.
Attractions
- Monastery church from the 13th century
- Monastery complex from the 17th century
- Saint Anne's Chapel from the 17th century
- Marian column, Florian column, Saint Anthony monument, all 17th century
Sons and daughters of the church
- Dénes von Türje (? To 1254) Palatine of Hungary, Ban of Slavonia
- Fülöp (Philipp) Szentgróti (around 1218 to 1272), 1248 to 1262 Bishop of Zagreb, from 1272 Archbishop of Gran and Hungarian Chancellor
- Árvay Gregory (1790 to 1872) Premonstratensian priest, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Attila Vértes (1934 to 2011) chemist and researcher, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Partner communities
Türje has the following partner communities
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Romania : Joseni, Hungarian: Gyergyóalfalu, German: Untersdorf -
Hungary : Hegyhátsál (Vas county)
literature
- Norbert Backmund: Praemonstratense: Id est Historia Circariarum atque Canoniarum candidi et canonici Ordinis Praemonstratensis. Vol I / Pars prima et secunda (History of the Premonstratensian Order and the Premonstratensian Canons, Volumes 1 and 2); De Gruyter Verlag, 1982.
- Ferenczi Győző: Türjei történelmi vázlat (2002) (historical sketches of Türje and the church), valamint a templomról 2001-ben megjelent kiadvány. Zalaegerszeg, 1991.
- Laszlo Nagy: Türje Almanac c. Publication (2003)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://exonyme.bplaced.net/Board/Thread-Deutsche-Ortsnamen-in-Ungarn?page=3 ( Memento from June 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://en.climate-data.org/location/280968/
- ↑ https://www.ksh.hu/?lang=en
- ↑ http://www.kislexikon.hu/turjei_prepostsag.html#ixzz3Re0vOifl
- ↑ http://zalatermalvolgye.hu/node/99
- ↑ http://premontre.info/subpages/loci/monasticon/circariae/1hun.htm#T%DCRJE
- ↑ http://www.kislexikon.hu/turjei_prepostsag.html#ixzz3Re0vOifl
- ↑ http://premontre.info/subpages/loci/monasticon/circariae/1hun.htm#T%DCRJE
- ↑ http://korok.webnode.hu/products/szerzetesek-es-szerzetesrendek-magyarorszagon-2-resz/