T. rex

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Tyrannosaurus Rex / T. Rex
Frontman Marc Bolan (1973)
Frontman Marc Bolan (1973)
General information
origin London , England
Genre (s) Glam Rock
Psychedelic Folk
founding 1967
resolution 1977
Founding members
Marc Bolan
Steve Peregrin Took
Last occupation
Marc Bolan
† September 16, 1977
Backing vocals, keyboard
Gloria Jones
(mid 1973–1977)
Keyboard
Dino Dines
(1974 / 75–1977)
† January 28, 2004
Drums
Tony Newman (1976-1977)
guitar
Miller Anderson
(mid 1976 – mid 1977)
bass
Herbie Flowers (1977)
former members
Steve Peregrin Took
(until summer 1969)
† October 27, 1980
Congas , percussion
Mickey Finn
(October 1969 – January 1975)
† January 11, 2003
Steve Currie
(1970–1976)
† April 28, 1981
Bill Legend
(1971 – late 1973)
Jack Green
(mid 1973 – mid 1974)
Backing vocals
Sister Pat Hall
(mid 1973 – early 1974)
Drums
Davy Lutton
(late 1973–1976)

T. Rex was a popular British rock band that in 1967 under the name Tyrannosaurus Rex of Marc Bolan ( vocals , guitar ) and Steve Peregrin Took ( percussion , backing vocals ) in London was established and mainly psychedelic folk played. In 1970 the band changed its name to T. Rex and was one of the best-known representatives of glam rock in the following years .

Band history

founding

After Marc Bolan (bourgeois Mark Feld), born on September 30, 1947 in Hackney, East London, had given up his membership of the underground combo John's Children , which had only lasted a few months, in the summer of 1967, he went in search of a newspaper advertisement other musicians to start his own band. In addition to the drummer Stephen Ross Porter, a guitarist, a bassist and another musician came forward, of whom little is known today. At Bolan's request, Porter (born July 28, 1949 in Eltham, South London), based on the name of a " Hobbit " from The Lord of the Rings , adopted the stage name Steve Peregrin Took.

As a group name, Bolan also chose the name of a being that went well with his penchant for mythology : the scientific name of the largest land-dwelling predator that has ever lived on earth, according to the state of knowledge of the time .

Tyrannosaurus Rex

With this hastily put together line-up, and after only a few band rehearsals, the five musicians gave a concert in the Electric Garden (a little later renamed Middle Earth) in London on July 22, 1967, which Bolan had booked before the band was founded at best they earned boos from the audience, probably because of the hardly rehearsed and therefore poor performance of their songs. Immediately after this performance, Bolan dismissed three of his fellow musicians. Only by Took's musical contribution did he seem convinced enough to continue working with him.

The group, which had now shrunk to a duo, experienced the second setback when the record company with which John's Children was under contract claimed Bolan's electric guitar and amplifier and he had to return the instruments. In order to make ends meet and at least be able to cover the needs of daily life, Took also sold his drum set. Now equipped with an acoustic guitar and a pair of bongos , the two made their debut as a duo in Middle Earth on September 23, 1967, and from then on went largely unnoticed by small clubs. On the stage, the two musicians sat cross- legged on a carpet.

During this time the British radio DJ John Peel became aware of the two and offered them to present their music to a larger audience in his broadcasts on Radio 1 . Peel's enthusiasm for the group eventually led to several such guest performances, and the name Tyrannosaurus Rex gradually became known nationwide.

The end of 1967 they were from where Brooklyn , New York dating producer Tony Visconti discovered in the basement club UFO in London's Oxford Street, who had been commissioned as part of his work at Essex Music, a new group for the music publisher to get involved. A few days later, Regal Zonophone, an Essex Music label , signed Tyrannosaurus Rex. Tony Visconti accompanied them up to the album Zinc Alloy (1974) and was instrumental in the development of their group sound.

Soon after, the single Debora was released , which reached number 34 on the official UK charts in May 1968 . The formation's first album with the imaginative title My People Were Fair and Had Sky in Their Hair ... But Now They're Content to Wear Stars on Their Brows , which includes the last two vocal lines of the LP in the lyrics to Frowning Atahuallpa (My Inca Love) reached number 15 on the LP charts in July. The song, structured as a suite , also contains a fairy tale read by John Peel. The second single One Inch Rock came in at number 28. Three months later, the second album Prophets, Seers and Sages - The Angels of the Ages followed , which contains an alternative version of the first single including its reverse playback entitled Deboraarobed .

The individual pieces of music are often less than 2 minutes long, or just a little longer. Stylistically, there is a certain closeness to the then very popular psychedelic rock . But her music was so strange from the start that it could hardly be assigned to a specific genre. Bolan's distinctive singing style, in which he lets almost every line of text end in a vibrato , as well as the vocal improvisations of both musicians, give their performances an almost mystical character. This impression is reinforced by Bolan's, with only a few exceptions, self-composed, surrealist texts, which he reads in a difficult-to-understand accent. He sings of elves , wizards and dragons , of cars and strange orchestras, golden cats, giant sea birds and other obscure figures that may have sprung from a parallel universe to JRR Tolkien's Lord of the Rings .

Label of the album Unicorn , 1969

The third album, entitled Unicorn , which again includes a fairy tale read by John Peel, and producer Visconti accompanies the song Cat Black on a piano , was the biggest sales success for Tyrannosaurus Rex up to that point and came in at number 12 in the UK Album charts. For the production, thanks to the income from the previous releases, technically more sophisticated recording devices were available than with the previous albums. The instruments used are also more varied than before. Harmonium , mouth organ , straw violin , African speaking drums , bass guitar , piano, pixiephone, drum elements or gong are used on some songs .

Shortly afterwards, the recording sessions for a new single began. On King of the Rumbling Spiers , Bolan plays the electric guitar for the first time on a Tyrannosaurus Rex record. A number of other songs were created during the recording, but these were only released in various compilations much later.

In the late summer of 1969, the group embarked on their first US tour to make a name for themselves on the local music market. But the audience showed little interest in their music, and the tour ended up being a flop. In addition, significant differences developed between Bolan and Took, probably also about the musical future of the band and their image. While Bolan aspired to artistic fame and had believed that he would be a superstar since his youth, Took did not want to make friends with such visions. Back in England, the two musicians separated, allegedly because of Took's ongoing drug problems and because he was increasingly politically left-wing. Other sources also name Took's ambitions to include his self-written songs in the band's repertoire - which Bolan did not agree with - as a possible and decisive reason for separation.

Mickey Finn

Bolan immediately started looking for a new partner, and at the macrobiotic restaurant Seeds, a mutual friend introduced him to Mickey Finn (real name Michael Norman Finn), who was born on June 3, 1947 in Thornton Heath, Surrey, England and who is currently there was engaged in a commissioned work in the form of a psychedelic mural. He also had experience as a musician and played in a band called Hapshash and the Colored Coat Congas , among others . The two agreed to work together over a meal, and Finn became the new band member in October 1969. According to Bolan's testimony, Finn wasn't as good a percussionist as Took, nor was he particularly good at singing, but he was handsome and otherwise well suited to Bolan's vision of the group's future development.

In November, the two new partners were heard for the first time on John Peel's radio show Top Gear (on BBC Radio 1) and then went on a small tour of Great Britain. On New Year's Day 1970 they played at the Paris Theater in London, again as part of a John Peel program broadcast nationwide on the BBC .

Mickey Finn can first be heard on the fourth album A Beard of Stars , released in March 1970, as a percussionist. However, studio recordings with Steve Took already existed for some tracks, and so Bolan and Visconti had to remove his parts again. Since Bolan did most of the new recordings himself, and he also plays the bass guitar, for example, the result - apart from Tony Visconti - is almost a solo record. Which songs Mickey Finn actually took part in cannot be said with certainty.

The individual songs are essentially acoustic, but Bolan now also plays electric guitar, as on the last single - with the rocking Elemental Child even exclusively. This differs the album considerably from its predecessors and already gives an idea of ​​the musical path Bolan and his band should take. The gentle By the Light of a Magical Moon was released as a single shortly before. Commercially, A Beard of Stars was not as successful as Unicorn , and many previous fans turned away from the group at the time.

Since the hoped-for resounding success did not materialize, Bolan began to have doubts about his musical career, and he toyed with the idea of ​​concentrating more on writing poetry in the future. His wife, and for some time manager , June Child, whom he had met in 1967 at his then management company Blackhill Enterprises and married in January 1970, encouraged him time and again to keep going and to write new songs. So one night a simple, nursery rhyme- like song with a catchy melody came about that he called Ride a White Swan .

In the summer of 1970, Bolan, Finn and Visconti were working on recordings for the next album. The parts for the bass guitar and the backing vocals were done by all three this time. Visconti wrote string arrangements for some songs . While recording Seagull Woman , Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan , who had just toured Europe with the Mothers of Invention , came to visit the studio. Bolan had met the two former members of the Turtles on his first US tour, and he asked them to sing backing vocals for the song. This was the beginning of a long-term collaboration, and on future albums Volman and Kaylan, also known as Flo & Eddie , contributed the group-typical background vocals.

Tony Visconti had long got used to using the long band name on production papers for the sake of simplicity in “T. Rex ”, which previously annoyed Bolan. But he was looking for changes, which was already expressed musically on the last records through the use of the electric guitar and in simpler song texts. As Bolan himself once said, he was tired of sitting cross-legged on the stage and wanted to get rid of his image as a minstrel of the hippie culture, for which Visconti's idiosyncratic spelling seemed to be ideal. This small but significant change in September 1970 would ultimately mark the turning point in Bolan's career.

T. rex

1970–1973 - The big hits

The single Ride a White Swan , now released in October 1970 as T. Rex, was initially only rarely played by radio stations. But the record stores recorded a steadily increasing demand, and so the song, played with a distinctive guitar riff and accompanied by strings, slowly climbed into the British singles chart and finally reached its top rating at number 2 after 13 weeks in January 1971.

The group's first album, simply titled T. Rex , was released in December 1970 and peaked at number 7 on the album charts. In Germany the LP is called Ride a White Swan and, unlike in Great Britain, instead of The Time of Love Is Now it contains the current hit single, which also hit the charts in Germany.

In many respects more similar to its predecessor A Beard of Stars than future releases, stylistically speaking, the album is more like the fifth and last Tyrannosaurus Rex LP, rather than the first, supposedly T. Rex record due to the abbreviation of the name. So are z. B. Includes new recordings of One Inch Rock and the early Marc Bolan single The Wizard . In addition to the hymn The Children of Rarn from a planned concept album that was never finished, this is also clear in the lyrics to Suneye : "Tree wizard puretongue, the digger of holes, the swan king, the Elf lord, the eater of souls, Lithon the black, the rider of stars, Tyrannosaurus Rex, the eater of cars ” .

To be able to present the new songs live, bassist Steve Currie (born May 19, 1947 in Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire, England) was hired at the end of 1970. For the recordings of the next single in early 1971, Bolan completed the band to form a quartet with drummer William Fifield (born May 8, 1944 in Barking, Essex), who was at Bolan's suggestion and based on the name of his previous band Legend , henceforth called Bill Legend. Released in February 1971, Hot Love was at the top of the British singles chart for six weeks and number 3 in Germany for seven weeks.

For an appearance in Top of the Pops in March 1971, Chelita Secunda, wife of Tony Secunda (manager of the group The Move ) and short-term supervisor of T. Rex, stuck some glittering stars under Bolan's eyes. According to widespread opinion, this appearance represents the birth of Glam Rock , which dominated popular rock and pop music in Europe in the form of a youth movement as well as artistically and commercially in the years to come. Similar to “Beatlemania” in the 1960s, people in Great Britain called it “T.Rextasy” due to the huge media hype that Bolan and his band caused. From this point in time at the latest, all media attention there revolved around Bolan, while in Germany “Marc & Mickey” was reported. Bolan's image was marketed for sale in his home country comparable to the teenage stars of the time, David Cassidy and Michael Jackson .

The follow-up single Get It On reached number 1 and was renamed Bang a Gong (Get It On) a little later in the USA to avoid confusion with another song of the same name by the Chase group , becoming a top ten hit.

The first album Electric Warrior , recorded in the line-up of a classic rock band with electric guitar, bass and drums and released in September 1971, contained another top hit with (Jeepster) . In addition to Mickey Finn's conga playing, which can be heard prominently in Jeepster and Mambo Sun in particular , and Tony Visconti's string arrangements, such as B. with Cosmic Dancer , some songs were also enriched with saxophone (Rip Off) , piano (Get It On) or flugelhorn (Girl) . Howard Kaylan and Mark Volman contributed the backing vocals, as on Planet Queen or Monolith . The album is still considered the group's classic and was also their greatest commercial success.

In November 1971 Fly Records released the single Jeepster against Bolan's will . Bolan switched to British EMI , which gave him its own label “T. Rex Wax Co. ”and he also had extensive control over future publications. However, Fly secured the distribution rights of the entire previous catalog and published numerous compilations and new editions of earlier albums and singles, including the number 1 albums Bolan Boogie and the first two Tyrannosaurus Rex LPs in a double pack as well as the EP (in Germany single) Debora / One Inch Rock , which ranked 7th in the UK in April 1972.

The next two top singles Telegram Sam and Metal Guru - the latter also number 1 in Germany - are also included on the album The Slider , released in July 1972 . Although the LP contains many ballads or slow rock tracks, such as the title song or Spaceball Ricochet , the drums that have come to the fore in terms of production technology make it look harder overall than the previous album and as if from a single source. In the USA, The Slider was the group's most successful album, but the hoped-for breakthrough was not achieved by two moderately successful North American tours in 1972.

At the height of its success, when T. Rex were sometimes already regarded as the successor to the Beatles , Ringo Starr shot the film Born to Boogie about the group, which was recorded from a concert on March 18, 1972 at the Empire Pool in Wembley as well as there are some jam sessions in which Elton John played the piano in addition to Starr and T. Rex . He had previously accompanied the group on the piano in an appearance on Get It On on the Christmas program of Top of the Pops in December 1971. One song from these sessions, Children of the Revolution , was re-recorded and released as a single in September 1972. Like the next single, Solid Gold Easy Action , it reached number 2 in the British charts.

In the spring of 1973, 20th Century Boy appeared , which was used in a jeans advertisement in 1991 and made it onto the charts again in Europe. In addition, were placebo with a cover version of the song in 1998 in the film Velvet Goldmine it. Tanx , also released in March 1973, is the last album recorded with the line-up of Bolan, Finn, Currie, Legend. Once again, the group and producer Visconti created a record with the typical, compact and metallic T. Rex sound.

Waning success and a new beginning

From mid-1973 the great success gradually waned. The last top 10 single hit for T. Rex was The Groover in the summer of 1973. Bolan hired a rhythm guitarist with Jack Green for a US tour in order to be able to offer a fuller group sound and also hired two background singers, Sister Pat Hall and Gloria Jones , who first appeared on the late 1973 single Truck On (Tyke) .

After a successful tour of the Far East in late 1973, Bill Legend left the group allegedly for family reasons and was replaced by Davy Lutton. The success of the last few years turned into a tragic story of a falling rock star, interwoven with drug excess, alcohol, decadence and self-doubt. Bolan's stage behavior, which has recently been exaggerated to the point of embarrassment, by which he demoted his bandmates to background extras, increasingly led to poor reviews, and fans lost interest in the artist's music. When he pushed himself to the fore during the production of the next album and did not want to go into Tony Visconti's suggestions any longer, he finally left the team.

The LP with the sub-title A Creamed Cage in August (about "A cage with cream in August"), which was released in early 1974, was only partially produced by Visconti. Originally, Bolan wanted to release the album under the pseudonym Zinc Alloy & the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow , which is also an indication that Bolan did not want to pursue the T. Rex project any further, and instead sought a solo career. But his record company advised against it, and so the album eventually came out as Marc Bolan & T. Rex , fully entitled Zinc Alloy & the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow - A Creamed Cage in August . Whether the chosen name was an expression of jealousy for David Bowie's masterpiece Ziggy Stardust & the Spiders from Mars (1972) remains to be seen.

In December 1974, Mickey Finn was fired by Bolan for his unreliability resulting from heavy drug use. The following LP Bolan's Zip Gun (with the exception of two tracks recorded in 1974 and thus still with Finn's participation), was initially planned as Marc Bolan's solo record, but was ultimately released under the band name T. Rex. For the recordings, Bolan added keyboardist Peter "Dino" Dines to the group. Instead, he did without Jack Green and Sister Pat Hall after just one album. Gloria Jones provided the backing vocals and played the piano. The album, which was created at the so-called creative low point in Bolan's career, was literally torn apart by music critics, even more devastating than the previous album, which still contains the top 20 hit Teenage Dream . It wasn't until years later that the LP received praise from critics, even if you can clearly hear Bolan's inexperience as a producer. In the USA, the two albums Zinc Alloy and Bolan's Zip Gun were not even released. Instead, a compilation of both albums with the title Light of Love appeared on Casablanca Records, which later celebrated great success with the group Kiss . For European fans, the US release from 1974 was initially interesting because it contained pieces that were only released on Zip Gun in Europe six months later . In return, the LP flopped in England and didn't even make it into the top 50.

Bolan lived abroad for tax reasons until he returned to England in late 1975 and reformed the band. As the only former member, Steve Currie was still on board. On the LP Futuristic Dragon , released in January 1976 (number 50 in England), which had already been produced in April 1975 and was not released until January 1976 for technical reasons, there were also Davy Lutton, Dino Dines, Gloria Jones and Tyrone Scott as well as the additional drummer Paul Fenton (who today leads the tribute band "T-Rex - A Celebration of Marc and Mickey") involved. Bolan had also taken over the production here. The cover and the album title can be seen as a reminder of the Tyrannosaurus Rex era, but the group sound and the instrumentation of the individual titles are far from that. You can hear its American roots on the album, because both the majority of the recordings and the mixing were done in Hollywood. New York City , already released as a single in the summer of 1975, reached number 15 on the British charts, while the follow-up single Dreamy Lady (as "T. Rex Disco Party") landed at number 30 in England. Interestingly, in Germany the titles were swapped. Here was Do You Wanna Dance , one of the few cover versions in Bolans repertoire, as an A-side, while Dreamy Lady graced only the back. However, the single flopped in Germany.

Gloria Jones, performing with T. Rex in
Glasgow in 1976

During the recordings from May 1976 to January 1977 for the last official album Dandy in the Underworld (UK place 26), which was released in March 1977 and contains the single I Love to Boogie (Germany place 50, England place 13), the last remaining album was First member of the band, bassist Steve Currie, sacked. During Bolan's troubled period in 1975, he'd kept the band together and rehearsed. In return, Bolan agreed to help on a solo album. However, this should no longer happen. His part was taken over by Herbie Flowers , and Tony Newman (formerly of Pinkerton's Colors ) replaced drummer Davy Lutton on some songs. Flowers and Newman had previously worked as session musicians for David Bowie . On the autobiographical title track, fellow musician Steve Harley contributes the background vocals.

The end of T. Rex

Marc Bolan's memorial stone at the scene of the accident on Queen's Ride in Barnes

Marc Bolan was killed in a car accident on Queen's Ride in central London on September 16, 1977, just days before his 30th birthday. The Austin Mini driver was his girlfriend at the time, the singer Gloria Jones , who survived seriously injured.
Right from the start he was the initiator, idea generator, songwriter, singer and undisputed front man of the group. Thus, his death was synonymous with the end of the project and the T. Rex music group.

Steve "Peregrin" Took's grave, February 2014

Tyrannosaurus Rex co-founder Steve "Peregrin" Took died on October 27, 1980 at the age of 31 when he choked on a cocktail cherry .

Steve Currie was killed in a car accident in Portugal on April 28, 1981.

Mickey Finn died on January 11, 2003 at Mayday Hospital in Croydon at the age of 55 as a result of years of drug abuse.

Peter "Dino" Dines died on January 28, 2004 of a heart attack.

Discography

Studio albums

year title Top ranking, total weeks / months, awardChart placementsChart placementsTemplate: chart table / maintenance / monthly data
(Year, title, rankings, weeks / months, awards, notes)
Remarks
DE DE AT AT CH CH UK UK US US
1968 My People Were Fair and Had Skyin Their Hair but
Now They're Content to Wear Stars on Their Brows
- - - UK15 (9 weeks)
UK
-
as a Tyrannosaurus Rex
1969 Unicorn - - - UK10 (3 weeks)
UK
-
as a Tyrannosaurus Rex
1970 A Beard of Stars - - - UK21 (6 weeks)
UK
-
as a Tyrannosaurus Rex
1971 T. rex - - - UK7 (23 weeks)
UK
US188 (5 weeks)
US
Electric warrior DE14 (2 months)
DE
- - UK1
gold
gold

(45 weeks)UK
US32 (34 weeks)
US
160th place in the Rolling Stone 500
1972 The slider DE7 (9 months)
DE
- - UK4 (18 weeks)
UK
US17 (24 weeks)
US
1973 Tanx DE3 (7 months)
DE
- - UK4 (12 weeks)
UK
US102 (10 weeks)
US
1974 Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow -
A Creamed Cage in August
- - - UK12 (3 weeks)
UK
-
1976 Futuristic Dragon - - - UK50 (1 week)
UK
-
1977 Dandy in the Underworld - - - UK26 (3 weeks)
UK
-

gray hatching : no chart data available for this year

More albums

  • 1968: Prophets Seers & Sages: The Angels of the Ages (as Tyrannosaurus Rex)
  • 1974: Light of Love
  • 1975: Bolan's Zip Gun
  • 1982: Billy Super Duper (Marc Bolan & T. Rex)
  • 1989: Honey Don't (Marc Bolan & T. Rex)
  • 1991: The Sound Track of the Motion Picture Born to Boogie (Marc Bolan & T. Rex)
  • 1998: Marc - Songs from the Granada TV Series (Marc Bolan & T. Rex)
  • 2003: For the Lion and the Unicorn in the Oak Forests of Faun (as Tyrannosaurus Rex) (2 CDs, limited)

heritage

T. Rex and Marc Bolan are among the protagonists of glam rock and preparers of punk . During their commercially successful phase as “teenagers”, they were rather ridiculed, but in recent years they have also received recognition from music historians.

Marc Bolan is one of the "twenty most collected interpreters in the world" today. There are numerous T. rex fan clubs and private fan websites. At the scene of Marc Bolan's accident, there is a bust in his honor, at the feet of which there are also plaques for the other dead band members.

Mickey Finn's T-Rex

In September 1997 the tribute band T.Rextasy invited former T. Rex musicians Mickey Finn and Jack Green and studio drummer Paul Fenton to a memorial concert for Marc Bolan. Inspired by the popular success, the three decided to start a new edition of T. Rex, which was initially called "T-Rex - The Band", but was soon renamed to "Mickey Finn's T-Rex" with more audience appeal. In Bolan's homeland, however, this formation was only taken seriously to a limited extent and rarely performed there. More often they were booked on the European mainland (mostly in Germany) for oldie events.

T-Rex with Bill Legend feat. Danny McCoy

Bill Legend and Danny played some concerts with T.Rex songs together since 2010, after this was very well received by the fans, they founded T.Rex with Bill Legend feat. Danny McCoy. You tour a lot in Germany, Australia, Austria and Switzerland.

New start as T-Rex

After Mickey Finn's death in 2003, the band began touring as T-Rex. Finn's last recordings were released as the album T-Rex - A Celebration of Marc and Mickey . The band musicians included Saxon's Graham Oliver and Smokie's Alan Silson. In 2013 the band toured with the cast of Jay Spargo, Paul Fenton, Graham Oliver, Dave Major, Tony Allday and Linda Dawson.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Marmalade-Skies, Events July 1967
  2. a b Official Tony Visconti website ( Memento from July 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (see under T. Rex / A Beard of Stars )
  3. T. Rex on Allmusic (English)
  4. a b c Official Tony Visconti website ( Memento from July 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (see under T. Rex / Zinc Alloy )
  5. Chart sources: DE AT CH UK US
  6. ^ The Billboard Albums by Joel Whitburn , 6th Edition, Record Research 2006, ISBN 0-89820-166-7 .
  7. http://www.songkick.com/artists/74140-t-rex/gigography
  8. http://www.torgau.eu/1_module/v_kalender/detail.asp?v_id=2648
  9. http://www.angelair.co.uk/?tcp_product=t-rex-a-celebration-of-marc-and-mickey
  10. Archived copy ( Memento from May 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive )

Web links