Talinum

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Talinum
Talinum tenuissimum

Talinum tenuissimum

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Talinaceae
Genre : Talinum
Scientific name
Talinum
Adans.

Talinum is a genus of plants in the Talinaceae familywithin the order of the carnation-like (Caryophyllales). Since 2001 only about 15 species have belonged to this genus.

description

Illustration from The botanist's repository, for new, and rare plants - containing colored figures of such plants, as have not hitherto appeared in any similar publication, with all their essential characters , 1797 by Talinum paniculatum

Vegetative characteristics

Talinum species are perennial herbaceous plants or rarely subshrubs . A bulbous "root stock" ( caudex ) is formed, which can be fleshy to woody. They upright shoot axes are simple or branched. Some plant species lose their aboveground plant parts during dormancy.

The alternate or almost opposite arranged and often irregularly spaced leaves are short stalked or almost sessile. The simple, entire leaf blades are very variable in shape, 1 to 7 centimeters wide and more or less succulent . True stipules are missing, but there are inconspicuous and small scales that fall off early.

Generative characteristics

The flowers stand individually in the leaf axils or are grouped in several in terminal paniculate inflorescences .

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry with a diameter of 0.3 to 1.5 cm . The flowers usually only open once for a short time or are cleistogamous . There are two sepals , which soon fall off or are rarely durable. The usually five, rarely up to seven petals are only fused or free at their base. The flower contains 10 to 30 stamens . Three fruit leaves are a top permanent, single-chamber ovary grown. The stylus is up to 3 mm long or absent.

The spherical to elongated fruits contain many black, spherical seeds .

Invasive Plants

The two species Talinum triangulare and Talinum paniculatum are considered invasive plants almost worldwide .

Systematics and distribution

Talinum caffrum
Talinum fruticosum
Fruits of Talinum paniculatum
Talinum portulacifolium

The genus Talinum was 1763 Michel Adanson in Familles des Plantes , 2, page 245, and 609 installed . Talinum Juss is a homonym . nom. illegal. ( Genera Plantarum , 1789, 312). Synonyms for Talinum Adans. nom. cons. are: Helianthemoides medic. , Phemeranthus Raf. , Eutmon Raf. , Chromanthus Phil. , Litanum Nieuwland and Ketumbulia Ehrenberg .

The origin of the name of the genus is unclear, it was probably named after the common name of a species in Senegal or after the Latin word telinum , which stands for a valuable ointment made from fenugreek .

Botanical history

Often quoted when it comes to the genus Talinum is JN Rose, PC Standley: The genus Talinum in Mexico. in Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Smithsonian Institution. , Volume 13, 1911, pp. 281-288. The genus Talinum was divided according to Roger Charles Carolin (* 1929) into two sections Talinum and Phemeranthus (Raf.) DC. VK Von Poellnitz published the monograph on the genus Talinum Adans in 1934 . in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt for the collection and publication of single diagnoses of new plants. , Volume 35, pp. 1-34. Until Kiger 2001 were in the genus Talinum s. l. contain up to 50 species.

The species of the Phemeranthus section have been in an independent genus Phemeranthus Raf since Kiger 2001 . and placed this in the family of the Montiaceae .

Species and their distribution

The Talinum species s.str are widespread either in the New World or in Africa .

  • In the genus Talinum s. st. include about 15 species (selection):
    • Talinum arnotii Hook. f.
    • Talinum caffrum (Thunb.) Ecklon & Zeyer
    • Talinum crispatulum Dinter : It was first described from South West Africa.
    • Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss. (Syn .: Portulaca fruticosa L. , Portulaca paniculata L. , Portulaca racemosa L. , Portulaca triangularis Jacq. , Talinum paniculatum Moench non (Jacq.) Gaertn. , Talinum racemosum (L.) Rohrb. , Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. , Talinum fruticosum Macfad. , Talinum fruticosum Willd. ): It iswidespreadfrom Florida and Mexico through Central America and the Caribbean Islands to South America. It also occurs in Africa.
    • Talinum nocturnum Bacigalupo : It was first described from Paraguay.
    • Talinum oblongifolium Peter : It was first described from Tanzania.
    • Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Syn .: Claytonia paniculata (Jacq.) Kuntze , Claytonia patens (L.) Kuntze , Claytonia reflexa (Cav.) Kuntze , Claytonia sarmentosa C.A.Mey. , Portulaca paniculata Jacq. , Portulaca patens Jacq. , Portulaca reflexa (Cav.) Haw. , Talinum chrysanthum Rose & Standl. , Talinum dichotomum Ruiz & Pav. , Talinum fruticosum Macfad. , Talinum moritziana Kl. Ex Rohrb. , Talinum paniculatum var. Sarmentosum (Engelm.) Poelln. , Talinum patens (L.) Willd. , Talinum purpureum hort. Ex A. Gray , Talinum reflexum Cav. , Talinum roseum Kl. Ex Rohrb. , Talinum sarmentosum Engelm. , Talinum spathulatum Engelm. Ex A. Gray ): It is from the southern United States via Mexico, Central America and Caribbean islands widespread to South America.
    • Talinum polygaloides Gillies ex Arnott
    • Talinum porphyreum M. Mend. & JRIWood : It was first described in 2013 from Bolivia.
    • Talinum portulacifolium (Forsskal) Ascherson : It comes from Socotra , in Oman , Yemen , in Saudi Arabia , Western Sahara , Eritrea , Somalia , Kenya , Rwanda , Tanzania , Burundi , in the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Togo , Angola , Mozambique , Zambia , Botswana and Zimbabwe .
    • Talinum tenuissimum Dinter

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literature

  • Urs Eggli: Talinum . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon . tape 2 dicotyledons (dicotyledons). Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3915-4 , p. 455 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Robert W. Kiger: Talinum. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Talinum at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ a b Talinum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  4. ^ Karl von Poellnitz: Monograph of the genus Talinum Adans . In: Fedde's repertory . tape 35 , no. 1-7 , 1934, pp. 1–34 , doi : 10.1002 / fedr.19340350102 .
  5. ^ A b c d Taina M. Price, DJ Ferguson: A new combination in Phemeranthus (Montiaceae) and notes on the circumscription of Phemeranthus and Talinum (Talinaceae) from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. In: Novon , Volume 22, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 67-69. doi : 10.3417 / 2011012 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Phemeranthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  7. ↑ a b Talinum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
  8. ↑ a b c d Talinum at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  9. ↑ a b Talinum at Tropicos.org. In: Paraguay Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. ^ Talinum at Tropicos.org. In: Panama Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  11. ↑ Talinum in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.2. Retrieved on 2017-09-22.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Robert W. Kiger: Phemeranthus Rafinesque. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 .
  13. ^ Robert W. Kiger: New combinations in Phemeranthus Rafinesque (Portulacaceae). In: Novon , Volume 11, Issue 3, 2001, pp. 319-321. doi : 10.2307 / 3393037 JSTOR 3393037
  14. ↑ Calandrinia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 22, 2017.

further reading

  • J. Moises Mendoza F., John RI Wood: Taxonomic revision of Talinum (Talinaceae) in Bolivia with a note on the occurrence of Phemeranthus (Montiaceae). In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 68, 2, 2013, pp. 233-247.

Web links

Commons : Talinum  - collection of images, videos and audio files