Tōhō
Tōhō KK
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legal form | Kabushiki-gaisha |
ISIN | JP3598600009 |
Seat | Chiyoda , Tokyo Prefecture , Japan |
management | Yoshishige Shimatani (President) |
Website | www.toho.co.jp |
Tōhō KK ( Japanese 東宝 株式会社 , Tōhō Kabushiki kaisha ) is a Japanese film and theater production company and film rental company . The company, headquartered in Chiyoda, is a core company of the Hankyū Hanshin Tōhō Group .
In the West it is best known for its kaijū (monster films like Godzilla ) and for anime productions (for example by Studio Ghibli ). It played an important role in the film world by collaborating with famous directors such as Akira Kurosawa , Ozu Yasujirō , Mizoguchi Kenji , Masaki Kobayashi and Mikio Naruse .
history
Tōhō was founded in 1932 as Tōkyō Takarazuka Gekijō KK ( 東京 宝 塚 劇場 株式会社 ) by Kobayashi Ichizō , director of the private railway company Hankyū Dentetsu , which ran several theaters in and around Tokyo (such as the Imperial Garden Theater in Tokyo ). With almost 10 percent, Hankyu Real Estate KK is still the largest shareholder in Toho today.
With "Otome-gokoro - Sannin-shimai" (Three Sisters with Maiden Hearts), Tōhō's first film was released in 1935 and laid the foundation for Japan's most successful film production.
After the Second World War , the company built its own animation studio in Sōshigaya at the end of 1945, in which animators from closed studios gathered and new ones were trained. The studio was supposed to produce its own films as well as provide effects and captions for Tōhō's real films. The workforce quickly grew to several hundred, but they could hardly be employed meaningfully, so that the company was not profitable. In addition, there were labor disputes with the unions newly admitted under the American occupation. In April 1948, the majority of the employees were dismissed, which escalated into a brief occupation of the studio building. In the end, only a significantly reduced studio with 60 employees remained under Shimomura Kenji as the Educational Film Unit, which produced teaching and propaganda films and, above all, background work for real films. In 1952 it was finally dissolved completely. After that, Tōhō was only involved in the distribution of animated films, never again in the actual production.
Tōhō achieved fame mainly through his monster films, such as Godzilla , which appeared for the first time in 1954.
Objective
Tōhō's primary objective is to keep the production and distribution of films for cinemas and television with 55 percent of the profit. In addition, Tōhō Home Entertainment sells video and computer games and is active in several film-related industries. In addition to its primary objective, the company operates several cinemas and theaters and is increasingly investing in real estate, which makes up 32 percent of the profit share (as of 2007). In addition, Tōhō owns several shops, sports facilities, restaurants and market shares in the Japanese television station TBS .
Filmography (selection)
- 1935: Otome-gokoro - Sannin-shimai ( 乙 女 ご こ ろ 三人 姉妹 ; Three Sisters with Maiden Hearts)
- 1940: Byakuran no Uta ( 白蘭 の 歌 )
- 1941: Horse
- 1942: The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malay (Hawai-Marai Okikaisen)
- 1943: Judo Saga - The Legend of the Great Judo (Sugata Sanshiro)
- 1946: No regrets for my youth (Waga seishun ni kuinashi; わ が 青春 に 悔 な し )
- 1947: Snow Trail (Ginrei no Hate; 銀 嶺 の 果 て )
- 1952: life! (Ikiru; 生 き る! )
- 1953: Farewell, Rabaul (Saraba Rabauru; さ ら ば ラ バ ウ ル )
- 1954: The Seven Samurai (Shichinin no Samurai; 七 人 の 侍 )
- 1954: Taiheiyo no Washi ( 太平洋 の 鷲 )
- 1954: Godzilla (Gojira; ゴ ジ ラ )
- 1954: Tomei Ningen
- 1955: Godzilla Returns (Gojira no Gyakushu; ゴ ジ ラ の 逆襲 )
- 1955: Half Human - The Story of the Abominable Snowman (Jujin Yukiotoko; 獣 人 雪 男 )
- 1955: Kuroobi Sangokushi
- 1956: Onibi (German: the will- o'-the-wisp ; 鬼火 )
- 1956: The flying monsters of Osaka (Sora no Daikaijū Radon; 空 の 大 怪 獣 ラ ド ン )
- 1957: The Last Pursuit (Saigo no Dasso; j 最後 の 脱 走 )
- 1957: Space Beasts (Chikyu Boeigun)
- 1958: The horror creeps through Tokyo (Bijo to Ekitainingen)
- 1958: The Hidden Fortress (Kakushi Toride no San Akunin; 隠 し 砦 の 三 悪 人 )
- 1958: Varan - The monster from prehistoric times (Daikaijū Baran; 大 怪 獣 バ ラ ン )
- 1959: The Three Treasures (Nihon Tanjo; 日本 誕生 )
- 1959: The Big Boss (Angokukai no Kaoyaku)
- 1959: War in space (Uchu Daisenso; 宇宙 大 戦 争 )
- 1960: Man Against Man
- 1960: Osakajo Monogatari ( 大阪 城 物語 )
- 1960: Human Vapor (Gasu Ningen Daiichigo)
- 1961: Yojimbo - The Bodyguard ( 用心 棒 )
- 1961: Mothra threatens the world (Mosura; モ ス ラ )
- 1961: Death rays from space (Sekai Daisenso; 世界 大 戦 争 )
- 1962: Sanjuro (Tsubaki Sanjūrō; 椿 三十 郎 )
- 1962: UFOs destroy the earth (Yosei Gorasu)
- 1962: The Return of King Kong (Kingukongu tai Gojira; キ ン グ ・ コ ン グ 対 ゴ ジ ラ )
- 1962: Chushingura
- 1963: Matango
- 1963: Between Heaven and Hell (Tengoku to Jigoku; 天国 と 地獄 )
- 1963: The Lion of the Yellow Sea (Daitozoku)
- 1963: U 2000 - Diving of horror (Kaitei Gunkan; 海底 軍艦 )
- 1964: Godzilla and the primeval caterpillars (Mosura tai Gojira; モ ス ラ 対 ゴ ジ ラ )
- 1964: X 3000 - Fantome versus gangsters (Uchu Daikaiju Dogora; 宇宙 大 怪 獣 ド ゴ ラ )
- 1964: San Daikaijū: Chikyū Saidai no Kessen ( 三大 怪 獣 ・ 地球 最大 の 決 戦 , English Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster )
- 1965: Frankenstein - The horror with the monkey face (Furankenshutain tai Chitei Kaiju; フ ラ ン ケ ン シ ュ タ イ ン 対 地 底 怪 獣 )
- 1965: Orders from the Dark (Kaiju Daisenso; 怪 獣 大 戦 争 )
- 1966: Kiganjo no Boken
- 1966: Frankenstein - duel of the giants (Furankenshutain no Kaiju Sanda tai Gaira; フ ラ ン ケ ン シ ュ タ イ ン の 怪 獣 サ ン ダ 対 ガ イ ラ )
- 1966: Frankenstein and the monsters from the sea (Gojira, Ebira, Mosura Nankai no Daiketto; ゴ ジ ラ ・ エ ビ ラ ・ モ ス ラ 南海 の 大 決 闘 )
- 1967: King Kong - Frankenstein's son (Kingukongu no Gyakushu; キ ン グ ・ コ ン グ の 逆襲 )
- 1967: Frankenstein's monsters chase Godzilla's son (Kaijuto no Kessen Gojira no Musuko; 怪 獣 島 の 決 戦 ゴ ジ ラ の 息 子 )
- 1968: Frankenstein and the monsters from space (Kaiju Soshingeki)
- 1969: U 4000 - Panic under the ocean (Ido Zero Daisakusen)
- 1969: Port Arthur (Nihonkai Daikaisen; 日本海大海 戦 )
- 1970: monsters of horror attack (Kessen! Nankai no Daikaiju; 決 戦! 南海 の 大 怪 獣 )
- 1971: Frankenstein's fight against the devil monsters (Gojira tai Hedora; ゴ ジ ラ 対 ヘ ド ラ )
- 1972: Frankenstein's Hellbrood (Chikyu Kogeki Meirei Gojira tai Gaigan; 地球 攻 撃 命令 ゴ ジ ラ 対 ガ イ ガ ン )
- 1972: Okami - The Sword of Vengeance (Kozure Okami: Ko o Kashi Udekashi Tsukamatsuru)
- 1973: King Kong - Demons from Space (Gojira tai Megaro; ゴ ジ ラ 対 メ ガ ロ )
- 1973: The fall of Japan (Nihon Chinbotsu; 日本 沈没 )
- 1974: King Kong against Godzilla (Gojira tai Mekagojira; ゴ ジ ラ 対 メ カ ゴ ジ ラ )
- 1974: world catastrophe in 1999? - The prophecies of Nostradamus (Nosutoradamusu no Daiyogen; ノ ス ト ラ ダ ム ス の 大用 言 )
- 1974: Brothel No. 8 (Sandakan Hachiban Shokan Bokyo)
- 1974: Espy (Esupai; エ ス パ イ )
- 1975: The Devil's Brood, Konga, Godzilla, King Kong (Mekagojira no Gyakushu; メ カ ゴ ジ ラ の 逆襲 )
- 1975: Journey to Hell into the Unknown (Tokyowan Enjo)
- 1977: House (Hausu; ハ ウ ス )
- 1977: The Great War of the Planets (Wakusei Daisenso)
- 1978: Lady Ogin (Ogin sama; オ ギ ン 様 )
- 1979: GI Samurai (Sengoku Jietai): sales only
- 1980: Kagemusha - The Warrior's Shadow ( 影武者 )
- 1980: The Hell of Tokyo (Jishin Retto)
- 1980: Virus (Fukkatsu no Hi): distribution only
- 1983: Operation Jupiter (Sayonara Jupiter)
- 1984: Urusei Yatsura 2: Beautiful Dreamer ( う る 星 や つ ら 2 ビ ュ ー テ ィ フ ル ド リ ー マ ー ) (sales only)
- 1984: The Return of Godzilla (Gojira; ゴ ジ ラ )
- 1985: Ran ( 乱 )
- 1987: Tokyo Blackout (Shuto Shoshitsu; 首都 消失 )
- 1988: My neighbor Totoro ( と な り の ト ト ロ Tonari no Totoro ): only sales
- 1989: Gunhed
- 1989: Godzilla vs. Biollante
- 1990: Akira Kurosawa's dreams (Yume; 夢 ): sales only
- 1991: Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah
- 1991: Urusei Yatsura: Itsudatte My Darling (distribution only)
- 1992: Godzilla vs. Mothra
- 1993: Godzilla vs. Mecha Godzilla
- 1994: Godzilla vs. Space Godzilla
- 1995: Gamera - Guardian of the Universe: distribution only
- 1995: Godzilla vs. Destoroyah
- 1996: Gamera 2 - Advent of Legion: sales only
- 1996: Mothra - The Seal of Elias
- 1997: Princess Mononoke : sales only
- 1997: Mothra 2 - The Sunken Kingdom
- 1998: Spriggan
- 1998: Ringu: only sales ( リ ン グ )
- 1998: Spiral (lawn): sales only
- 1998: Godzilla: sales only (Japan)
- 1998: Mothra 3 - King Ghidorah returns
- 1999: Ringu 2: sales only
- 1999: Gamera 3 - Revenge of Iris: sales only
- 1999: Godzilla 2000: Millennium
- 2000: Ringu 0: sales only
- 2000: Pyrokinesis (Crossfire)
- 2000: Juvenile
- 2000: Godzilla vs. Megaguirus
- 2001: Metropolis (Anime)
- 2001: Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi; 千と千尋の神隠し ): only sales
- 2001: Pokemon 4ever: sales only
- 2002: InuYasha - The Castle Beyond the Looking Glass (distribution only)
- 2001: Godzilla, Mothra & King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack
- 2002: Dark Water (Honoguraimizu no Sokokara): distribution only
- 2002: Returner - fight for the future
- 2002: Godzilla against MechaGodzilla
- 2003: Dragonhead
- 2003: Godzilla: Tokyo SOS
- 2004: Appleseed
- 2004: Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence ( イ ノ セ ン ス )
- 2004: Godzilla: Final Wars
- 2005: Lorelei: The Witch of the Pacific Ocean
- 2006: Sinking of Japan (Nihon Chinbotsu; 日本 沈没 )
- 2007: Unfair: The Movie
- 2016: Shin Godzilla
- 2017: Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters
- 2018: Godzilla: A City on the Brink of Battle
- 2018: Godzilla: The Planet Eater
literature
- Stuart Galbraith IV: The Toho Studios Story: A History and Complete Filmography . Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2008, ISBN 978-0810860049 .
Web links
- Official website
- Toho in the Internet Movie Database (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Tōhō: Company Overview , accessed September 19, 2019
- ↑ Jonathan Clements : Anime - A History . Palgrave Macmillan 2013. pp. 74-81. ISBN 978-1-84457-390-5 .