Bog clover

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Bog clover
Trifolium Spadiceum.JPG

Bog clover ( Trifolium spadiceum )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Clover ( trifolium )
Section : Chronosemium
Type : Bog clover
Scientific name
Trifolium spadiceum
L.

The Moor Clover ( Trifolium spadiceum ), also Brauner Klee or Brown Moor Clover called, is a flowering plant in the family of the Pea family (Faboideae). It thrives in moors and other humid locations mainly in the mountains from Europe to Western Siberia .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The bog clover is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 40 centimeters. The stems are stiffly upright and only branched at the base. The upper stem areas are hairy close to the body.

The top leaves are almost opposite and the others are arranged alternately. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is relatively long. The light green leaf blade is three-fingered. The leaflets are sessile. In the lower leaves, the leaflets are small, broadly ovate to inverted heart-shaped, in the upper leaves they are up to 25 millimeters long and 10 millimeters wide, of an elongated-lanceolate shape, rounded or truncated. The leaflets have 15 to 25 pairs of conspicuously parallel lateral nerves. The blade is bare and finely serrated in the upper area. The stipules are herbaceous, elongated-lanceolate, pointed and more than half of them fused with the petiole.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to August. The inflorescence stem is relatively long and rigidly upright. The dense head-shaped inflorescences contain 20 to 50 flowers. The flower heads are initially egg-shaped, then later cylindrical with a length of up to 20 millimeters and a width of 9 to 12 millimeters. The upper flower heads are apparently terminal, often approached in pairs. The flower stalks are much shorter than the calyx tube.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is five-nerved, the five calyx teeth are narrow triangular. The three lower calyx teeth are around three times as long as the upper ones, and two to three times as long as the calyx tube. The lower calyx teeth are ciliate up to 1 millimeter long, the upper ones are bald. The crown is 4 to 6 millimeters long and has the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The dry-skinned petals are bright yellow in color, soon turning maroon, then almost black. The flag is furrowed, arched from the base and two to three times as long as the boat. The wings are extended to spreading. The only carpel is stalked.

The legume is about four times as long as the stylus and contains a seed .

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The bog clover is a hemicryptophyte or therophyte .

From an ecological point of view, these are butterfly flowers with a folding mechanism. The pollination is effected by bees; Self-pollination does occur.

The dry crown remains on the fruit and serves as a flying device (balloon flyer, anemochory ); there is spread of wind or Velcro.

Occurrence and endangerment

The bog clover is a flora element of the Central and Southern European mountains and of Northern Europe . Its area extends from the Pyrenees in the west over the southern French mountains, Jura , southern Alps , eastern Alps , Serbia , Bulgaria to the Caucasus in the east; northwards to the Hessian mountains and occasionally to the Elbe , Sweden , Finland , the Baltic states , to the Urals and western Siberia .

The bog clover is almost completely absent in the Central European lowlands and in the lower mountain ranges; in the Alps , in the foothills of the Alps and in the low mountain ranges with calcareous rock it is absent in larger areas; in Thuringia and in the Bavarian Forest it occurs scattered; otherwise it is rare in Central Europe . In Germany, the bog clover occurs mainly in the low mountain ranges , the Alps and in the Alpine foothills, in the north German lowlands it is very rare or absent, in Schleswig-Holstein it is extinct or lost. In many German federal states it is endangered or threatened with extinction. In Austria it occurs scattered in the Bohemian Massif, otherwise rarely. It can be found in Lower and Upper Austria , Styria , Carinthia , Salzburg and North Tyrol and is endangered nationwide. In Switzerland he is nationwide as vulnerable (endangered).

In Central Europe it inhabits moorland meadows, swelling places in mountain meadows as well as in spring bogs and on roadsides, it also goes to the edges of ditches and in the siltation zone of mountain lakes. The bog clover thrives best on moderately nutrient-poor , but not particularly nitrogen-rich , moist to wet, lime-poor , humus, loamy or clay soils. It occurs in cooler locations. He climbs up to the subalpine altitudinal zone , barely above altitudes of 1400 meters. The bog clover has disappeared in many places in Central Europe in recent decades due to the "improvement" of pastures and meadows as well as afforestation . It is a pioneer plant on wet sand and open ground.

The bog clover is a typical representative of the associations Calthion and Molinion caeruleae as well as the Caricetum fuscae.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Trifolium spadiceum was in 1755 by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet spadiceum means "brown like a date".

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 . (Characteristics, flower ecology)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Trifolium spadiceum L., Moor-Klee. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
  3. ↑ a b data sheet at InfoFlora, the national data and information center on Swiss flora .
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  592-593 .
  5. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  6. ↑ Area map from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants , 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 .
  7. ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  8. ↑ Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Plant world of Germany : data sheet.
  9. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

Web links

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