Trzemeszno Lubuskie
| Trzemeszno Lubuskie | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Sulęciński | ||
| Gmina : | Sulęcin | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 27 ' N , 15 ° 15' E | ||
| Height : | 141 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 672 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 69-200 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 95 | ||
| License plate : | FSU | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Sulęcin - Międzyrzecz | ||
| Rail route : | Wierzbno – Rzepin | ||
Trzemeszno Lubuskie [ tʂɛˈmɛʂnɔ luˈbuskʲɛ ] (until 1816 Czarnomyśl , from 1945 to 1960 Trzemeszno ; German from 1816 to 1945 Schermeisel ) is a former town and today a place and school administration ( Sołectwo ) of the urban and rural community Sulęński (Zielenzig) in the powiat Sulęński (Zielenziger Kreis) in the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship . From 1816 to 1945 the place belonged to the Prussian province of Brandenburg .
Geographical location
The village is located in the Neumark , in the eastern part of Lebus , about 32 kilometers south of Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg an der Warthe ) and 50 kilometers east-northeast of Frankfurt (Oder) . Surrounding villages are Pamiątkowice in the north, Grochowo in the east, Wielowieś ( Langenpfuhl ) in the southeast, Wędrzyn ( hiking ) in the west and Glisno ( Gleißen ) in the northwest. South of the location is the łagów landscape park ( Lagow ).
history
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The place was first mentioned in a document in 1293. In 1370 part of the village was owned by the Seydlitz family . From the 15th century onwards, the estate was divided among different families; in addition to the Seydlitz, these were the Wolkow, Logau and Grochow families .
Schermeisel had belonged to a half-enclave in that part of the district separated from the Kingdom of Poland in 1793 , which Prussia got back after the Vienna Congress negotiations and, together with a part of the network district, which was also got back, used to form the province of Posen in 1816 ; the definition of the border against Poland was established in the State Treaty of November 11, 1817. By a boundary straightening of 1816, the semi-enclave changed with shear Meisel of Posen to province Brandenburg and came there to the county Sternberg in the administrative district of Frankfurt .
In the 19th century, the Seydlitz family gave up their lordship over the place. After that, the village was initially owned by the Kalckreuth family . Schermeisel had been an agricultural community until the beginning of the 19th century and only received city rights under Prussian rule in 1804 .
In 1823 a synagogue was built in Schermeisel . The town had a strong Jewish community, which in 1852 had grown to 167 members.
In 1828 a Major von Seydlitz and in 1836 a Herr Schindler are named as landowners. According to the Topografisch statistical overview of the district of Frankfurt adO from 1840, the city had shear Meisel at this time a total of 770 inhabitants, these distributed to shear Meisel with 52 residential buildings and 496 residents and outworks Brückenhof (as sheep used) with two houses and nine Inhabitants and Niederhof with 19 houses and 265 inhabitants. Furthermore, a windmill belonged to the city. In 1855, of the 847 inhabitants in Schermeisel, 657 were Protestants, thirteen Catholics and 177 Jews.
In 1864, Brückenhof and Niederhof are no longer listed individually in the topographical overview. At that time, the city of Schermeisel had 82 residential buildings with 868 inhabitants, a windmill, a brick factory , four expanded farmsteads and three farms. Lignite was mined near the city. Three years later Schermeisel was stripped of its town charter. On March 29, 1873, the Sternberg district was dissolved and divided into the Oststernberg and Weststernberg districts, with Schermeisel coming to the Oststernberg district. In 1874 Schermeisel became the seat of the administrative district of the same name , to which, in addition to Schermeisel, the rural community of Grochow also belonged. In 1885 an alum factory was listed as an outpost of the manor for the community of Schermeisel , where 34 people lived. In 1892 Schermeisel was connected to the then released section Zielenzig – Meseritz of today's railway line Wierzbno – Rzepin. Lignite mining must have been stopped before 1895, since at that time there was no longer any open-pit mining.
Between 1895 and 1905, most of Schermeisel's preliminary works were given up. At the census of December 1, 1910, the rural community Schermeisel had 485 inhabitants and the manor district Schermeisel 378 inhabitants. Around this time the place came into the possession of Alfred Berliner, who set up a forester's house and a forest workers' farm. By 1925 the population of Schermeisel rose again to 972. With the dissolution of the Prussian manor districts on September 30, 1928, the rural community Schermeisel was combined with the manor district of the same name, to which the settlements Kleinvorwerk and Siebenruthen belonged, and the Forsthaus Schermeisel settlement from the manor district Oberförsterei Lagow. In 1933 the rural community had 1045 inhabitants, the last census in the German Reich in 1939 determined that Schermeisel had 1170 inhabitants.
After the end of the Second World War , Schermeisel was placed under Polish administration on August 2, 1945 . Polish migrants settled here, some of them from areas east of the Curzon Line , which Poland had conquered after the First World War . The administrative district of Schermeisel was dissolved, the German town was renamed Trzemeszno and the local Polish administrative authority expelled the local population .
On June 28, 1946 Trzemeszno was incorporated into Wielowieś. In 1953, the rural community Wielowieś was dissolved and its villages incorporated into Łagów . In October 1954, a municipal reform was carried out in Poland, in which the rural communities were abolished and replaced by smaller gromadas . Trzemeszno became an independent Gromada, to which the places Grochów, Lipa, Malutków, Trześniówek, Wędrzyn, Wielowieś and Żarzyn belonged. In 1960 the place was renamed Trzemeszno Lubuskie. On January 1, 1973, the Gromada Trzemeszno Lubuskie was dissolved in a further territorial reform and incorporated into the rural community of Sulęcin. This was united in 1990/1991 with the town of Sulęcin to form the town-and-country municipality of the same name . Trzemeszno Lubuskie has been part of the Lubusz Voivodeship since 1999 .
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 800 | |
| 1816 | 648 | including 422 Protestants, seven Catholics, 219 Jews |
| 1819 | 642 | |
| 1821 | 718 | in 65 private houses |
| 1831 | 795 | |
| 1837 | 764 | |
| 1840 | 770 | 496 of these in 52 residential buildings in the city, nine in two residential buildings in the Brückenhof farm, and 265 in 19 residential buildings in the Niederhof farm |
| 1850 | 770 | including three Catholics and 149 Jews |
| 1864 | 868 | in 82 residential buildings |
| 1867 | 813 | on December 3, of which 586 in the stain and 227 in the manor district |
| 1871 | 797 | on December 1st, of which 591 in the Flecken (503 Evangelicals, seven Catholics, 81 Jews) and 206 in the manor district (199 Evangelicals, seven Catholics) |
| 1910 | 863 | on December 1st, 485 of them in the village, 378 in the manor district |
| 1933 | 1045 | |
| 1939 | 1170 |
Attractions
- The church of Schermeisel was built in 1886 as a brick building in the neo-Gothic style. The altar of the church dates from 1950, the original furnishings are now in the Märkisches Museum in Berlin. The church is a listed building. There are two previous buildings. The first church was built in the 13th century when the village was founded. The first two churches were wooden buildings, the latter was demolished in 1854 because of dilapidation.
- The Jewish cemetery of Trzemeszno Lubuskie was laid out in the 18th century, the oldest preserved grave dates from 1786. There are around 20 graves in total.
traffic
The main road from the city of Poznan via Międzyrzecz ( Meseritz ) and Sulęcin ( Zielenzig ) to Berlin and the railway line Wierzbno – Rzepin ( Wierzebaum - Reppen ) run through the village .
Personalities
- Otto Schmidt-Hannover (1888–1971), Prussian officer, politician (DNVP) and publisher
literature
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, 1st edition, Brandenburg 1856, p. 261 ( online ).
- Eduard Ludwig Wedekind : Sternbergische Kreis-Chronik , Zielenzig 1855, pp. 214-217 ( online ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on May 22, 2020.
- ^ Trzemeszno Lubuskie / Schermeisel. In: zamkilubuskie.pl, accessed on May 22, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg und des Markgrafthums Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 1, Brandenburg 1854, p. 44 ( online ).
- ^ A b Johann Gottfried Hoffmann : The population of the Prussian state according to the results of the news officially recorded at the end of 1837 , Berlin 1839, p. 2 ( online ).
- ^ A b c d e f g Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, 1st edition, Brandenburg 1856, p. 261 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844, p. 214, no. 6 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Sołectwo Trzemeszno Lubuskie. Gmina Sulęcin, accessed on May 22, 2020.
- ↑ a b Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, p. 254, No. 6 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Märkische country seats of the Berlin bourgeoisie - the manor Schermeisel. In: maerkische-landsitze.de , accessed on May 22, 2020.
- ↑ Municipality directory of the Oststernberg district 1900. In: gemeindeververzeichnis.de , accessed on May 22, 2020.
- ^ Trzemeszno Lubuskie / Schermeisel. Historical index, accessed on May 22, 2020.
- ↑ a b Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 368-375, item 625 .
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 162-163, No. 71 ( online ), and pp. 164-165, No. 114 ( online ).
- ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de .
- ↑ a b M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ Kościół w Trzemesznie Lubuskim. Gmina Sulęcin, accessed May 22, 2020 (Polish).