Vila Velebita (ship, 1908)
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The Vila Velebita was a 1908-built sail training ship , which as a brigantine rigged was. Under Austro-Hungarian and Yugoslav flag then it took the Nautical School of Bakar for cadet training and oceanographic expeditions. After the surrender of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the Regia Marina continued to use it as a sailing training ship under the name Palinuro . When trying to reach a port controlled by the Allies in September 1943 , it had to dock in Ortona and was blown up there in December 1943 by the Wehrmacht .
The name Vila Velebita was derived from a Croatian folk song of the same name from the second half of the 19th century, which was inspired by the Velebit mountain range .
Construction and technical data
The ship was ordered by the Croatian royal government within Austria-Hungary from Howaldtswerke in Kiel on March 31, 1908. The new ship was intended to replace the Maritime School's first training ship, the Margita , as it had become too small for the increasing number of cadets. In Kiel, the new ship was laid down under construction number 497 and was launched on July 25, 1908 .
The Vila Velebita was rigged as a brigantine with a sail area of 650 to 700 m² and displaced 370 tons . She measured 263.64 GRT or 78.75 NRT and was 35.05 m long, 7.7 m wide and had a 2.74 m draft . A 3-cylinder triple expansion machine supported the sailor. It made 300 hp and acted on a screw . Under sail, the ship could reach speeds of up to 13 knots and under steam up to 7 knots. The regular crew consisted of 20 men, plus up to 40 students.
The ship was one of the first ships to have electrical lighting and state-of-the-art navigation equipment. It was ready for delivery on September 4, 1908. With the white hull, the Vila Velebita was already considered a particularly beautifully successful construction. As a nickname, she was soon referred to as the “fairy godmother” - after the fairy who is said to have lived at the top of the Velebit mountain and was considered a symbol of Croatian unity and freedom in Croatia. On board the ship, the students were able to deepen the knowledge they had acquired in the nautical school and apply them in a practical way.
history
Vila Velebita of the Bakar Nautical School
On October 8, 1908, the Vila Velebita reached its new home port of Bakar under the flag of Austria-Hungary. The first training trip was scheduled for the following spring. The first trips were made on the weekends in the surrounding area, and there were also longer trips - in 1912 to Trieste , Venice and Ravenna . In the last two years before the First World War, the ship was also used for hydrographic surveys by the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences. The last voyage in 1914 was canceled prematurely due to the danger of war and the ship returned to Bakar on the day Austria declared war on Serbia (July 28). There remained Vila Velebita to 1915 launched , then to 1918 in Novigrad north of Zadar.
After the First World War, the ship remained at the Bakar Seafaring School, but the school had to share the Vila Velebita with the Seafaring Schools in Dubrovnik and Kotor (in present-day Montenegro ). It initially carried the flag of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia). The ship's first long voyage was from Bakar to Messina , Naples , Genoa , Marseille , Barcelona , Algiers and Malta in 1922 . Other destinations in the years to come were Venice, the eastern Mediterranean including Corfu , Piraeus and Istanbul (1923), Barcelona (1929) and Marseille (1932). The last trip before the Second World War was again in Istanbul in 1939. At the time of Yugoslavia's surrender in April 1941, the Vila Velebita was in Crikvenica , about 37 kilometers from Rijeka . There she was confiscated by the Italians who occupied the Dalmatian coast , like many Yugoslav ships.
Palinuro of the Marina Regia
On April 15th, the Regia Marina put the ship into service as a sailing training ship under the name Palinuro . The name comes from Roman mythology: Palinuro was the helmsman of Aeneas on his wandering from destroyed Troy to Italy . The Italian Navy had already named several ships after him: from 1843 to 1863 a wheeled corvette bore this name and from 1886 to 1920 a schooner. The Regia Marina had the ship rebuilt slightly and put a hut on the bridge.
Like the two large sailing training ships of the Navy, the Amerigo Vespucci and Cristoforo Colombo , the Palinuro was assigned to the training division. The training area was the Adriatic , in which the sailing school ships carried out their training trips. Individual trips led to the Ionian Sea .
At the time of the Italian surrender on September 9, 1943, the Palinuro was in Trieste with the other two sailing training ships. There they received the order to drive to southern Italy in the area controlled by the Allies. The Palinuro ran out of coal and boiler water on the way, and she was released for post-bunkering in Ortona , which she reached on the evening of September 10th. The city was already occupied by the Wehrmacht. The crew managed to escape to Brindisi in a fishing boat , but the ship remained in Ortona. During the Battle of Ortona from December 20 to 28, 1943, German units blew up the ship on their retreat.
See also
The training ship of the nautical school, which was put into service in 1973, is called Vila Velebita II and was built in Zadar in 1956 .
The sailing training ship Palinuro of the Italian Navy was built in 1934 as French commander Louis Richard and commissioned in Italy in 1955.
literature
- Zvonimir Freivogel: Dobra wróżka znad adriatyckiego wybrzeża 'Vila Velebita' [The fairy godmother from the Adriatic coast 'Vila Velebita'] , in: Okrety Wojenne No. 91 (5/2008), pp. 17-26, as PDF at: http : //www.okretywojenne.pl/ow/download/index.php? did = 95 .
- Lelio del Re: Ortona 8 September 1943, in: Marinai d'Italia, approx. 1993, pp. 58–59, as PDF at: http://www.marinaiditalia.com/public/uploads/2012_11_58.pdf .
Web links
- Lloyd's Register, Sailing Vessels. 1931: http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30a0194.pdf , accessed October 20, 2017
- http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/naviglio_ausiliario/palinuro_scuola%20.aspx , accessed on October 20, 2017
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/morton1905/8428025544/ , accessed October 20, 2017
- http://www.shipsnostalgia.com/gallery/showphoto.php/photo/545273/title/vila-velebita/cat/524 (photo of Vila Velebita ), accessed on October 20, 2017
- http://www.paluba.info/smf/index.php?topic=6916.0 (photo of the Vila Velebita ), accessed on October 20, 2017
- http://server1.fisica.unige.it/~ilgioco/semep/english1/croazia.htm , accessed on October 20, 2017
Footnotes
- ↑ Freivogel, pp. 20–22, Lloyd's Register: http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30a0194.pdf , http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/ Pagine / naviglio_ausiliario / palinuro_scuola% 20.aspx
- ↑ http://server1.fisica.unige.it/~ilgioco/semep/english1/croazia.htm , Freivogel, p. 21.
- ↑ Freivogel, p. 24.
- ↑ Freivogel, p. 20.
- ↑ Freivogel, p. 23f.
- ↑ ibid., P. 24f.
- ↑ http://www.marina.difesa.it/uominimezzi/navi/Pagine/Palinuro.asp
- ↑ http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/LetteraP.aspx
- ↑ Freivogel, p. 25.
- ↑ Freivogel, p. 25, http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/naviglio_ausiliario/palinuro_scuola%20.aspx , http://www.marina.difesa.it/uominimezzi/navi /Pagine/Palinuro.aspx
- ↑ del Re, p. 58f., Freivogel, p. 25f., Http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/naviglio_ausiliario/palinuro_scuola%20.aspx ,
- ↑ Freivogel, p. 26, http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=1744949