Jungfernheide
The Jungfernheide is a former forest and heather area east of Spandau . A former manor district and, since 2001, a location in the Berlin district of Charlottenburg-Nord in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district were named after this. The Volkspark Jungfernheide (Jungfernheidepark) belongs to this location.
With the formation of the city of Greater Berlin in 1920, Charlottenburg became Berlin's seventh administrative district, along with parts of the former manor districts of Heerstraße and Jungfernheide.
Surname
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The name of this area is derived from the word Jungfer , which means the members of the Benedictine monastery in Spandau, who owned the area in the Middle Ages . The street name Nonnendamm also goes back to the Spandau sisters who had this road connection from Spandau to Berlin - Cölln paved.
history
Forest and hunting land
The forest and heathland east of Spandau was used as an electoral and royal hunting ground until around 1800 . On May 28, 1813, death sentences were carried out for the last time in Prussia by burning at the stake in Jungfernheide . In 1823 were from the forest districts of Charlottenburg and Tegel the Gutsbezirke Tegeler Forst and Jungfernheide formed.
Military use
From 1824 there were parade and shooting areas in the Jungfernheide. Among other things, the Reinickendorfer artillery firing range was opened by King Friedrich Wilhelm III in 1828 . moved here. Between 1896 and 1901 barracks (architect: Feuerstein) were built in Jungfernheide for the Berlin-Jungfernheide airship battalion .
Transport links
The Jungfernheide station was opened. 1877 In that year the western part of the Ringbahn was completed, which was built primarily for military purposes. It led about 500 meters past what was then the western outskirts of the city. The train station, from which there has been no S-Bahn since 1980 when the Sonnenallee - Jungfernheide line was closed , has developed into an important transport hub in northwest Berlin since it reopened in 1997. Here you can change between the S41 and S42 S-Bahn lines, the U7 subway line , regional trains and express buses to the nearby Tegel Airport . The airport was built in the actual Jungfernheide after the Second World War .
Water treatment
In 1896 the Jungfernheide waterworks went into operation. The drinking water from Lake Tegel was treated here. The waterworks has been shut down since 2001 with the option of resuming operations at any time.
Jungfernheidepark
This Volkspark is around 146 hectares of green space (1800 m × 800 m) that extends from the Hohenzollern Canal and Saatwinkler Damm south to Heckerdamm. The park is bordered to the west by the Jungfernheideweg and to the east by a section of the 111 federal motorway .
Emergence
In 1904, the city of Charlottenburg acquired a 200-hectare section of Jungfernheide from the Prussian state for the construction of a city park . In the same year (1904) the Gartenfeld Jungfernheide colony, the Red Cross colony, was founded on the forester's farm as one of the first workers' gardens in Berlin.
The horticultural director Erwin Barth was commissioned to draw up a plan for the gardens . However, the start of the First World War in 1914 prevented the implementation of the first drafts . After the war, Barth created revised plans, the execution of which was thwarted this time due to the budget lock due to the impending incorporation of Charlottenburg into Greater Berlin . In October 1920, as part of an emergency program to eliminate unemployment, around 100 unemployed people were hired for the preparatory work on the site. The implementation of the facilities planned by Barth, such as sports fields, outdoor swimming pool, children's playground, children's recreation and water tower, dragged on until 1927. In the period from 1923 to 1925, the Gustav-Böß-stage , named after the then mayor of Berlin, Gustav Böß , was built , an open-air theater based on the model of the ancient theater in Ephesus for 2000 visitors. The park opened on May 27, 1923 as part of the game and sport weeks in what was then the Charlottenburg district. The employees Pöthig and Richard Ermisch also participated in the implementation of the large system.
A water tower was already included in Erwin Barth's first plans. It should form an architectural landmark within the visual axis, serve as a lookout tower and house a coffee shop. The head of the building construction office , Walter Helmcke , shortened the planned tower by several meters and made it more compact, and the coffee shop was also dispensed with.
At that time, two bear sculptures made from shell limestone in Hermann Pagels' workshop were considered an attraction . They showed standing bear, played on the side children, up from brick masonry pedestals . The bears marked the southeast main entrance to the Volkspark and formed a line of sight to the water tower.
In 1925, a memorial grove for in was World War I fallen Low German built. The Low German Association of Greater Berlin commissioned Barth to do this in 1923. He designed a prayer room surrounded by hedges with a vestibule and a square with a large oak tree in the middle, as well as three steles . Due to a lack of money, the memorial could only be paid for in autumn 1933.
An enclosure for wild boar and fallow deer was opened to the public in 1931.
This green space, which can be used by everyone, was Erwin Barth's largest project.
Jungfernheide North-East project
In 1928, Barth, now in collaboration with Paul Mittelstädt , submitted plans for an extension of the Junfernheide Park to the north-east (Jungfernheide Nord-Ost project) as a green zone between the Rehberge Park and the Jungfernheide Park. This was an area north of the first opened area, which was part of the Wedding district at that time . It should be used for the recreation of citizens and for leisure and cultural activities. Among other things, a large playground, a sheep farm , a straw house and bull sculptures were planned. In 1933 the Hermann-Göring-Kaserne was built here.
Reconstruction and expansion after 1945
The park suffered numerous destruction during the Second World War . After the war, parts of the Heidepark, especially the historic main entrance, were destroyed by road improvements to the Kurt-Schumacher-Damm and the motorway . One of the two bear sculptures on Bärenplatz had disappeared.
The warrior grove of honor was also destroyed when the Tegeler Weg (today: Kurt-Schumacher-Damm) was widened. Replacement entrances were then created, such as the entrance on Heckerdamm and on the west side of the park on Jungfernheideweg.
A memorial cross at the Kurt-Schumacher-Damm entrance commemorates Ludwig von Hinckeldey , a Berlin police chief who did a great job of building up the city and was shot by Hans Wilhelm von Rochow in a duel in the Jungfernheide in 1856 .
In the former game reserve of Jungfernheide there is a fenced area of around 5500 m², which was declared a dog exercise area in the 1990s. The game reserves were relocated to the eastern parts of the park; in 2013, however, the game population was transferred to Brandenburg. In the summer of 2010, a high ropes course went into operation, the registration area of which is located near the water tower.
In April 2011, the second seven-ton bear sculpture, a copy of English shell limestone, was put up again. It was financed with EUR 52,000 from the National UNESCO World Heritage Site investment program and was recreated by the sculptor Vincenz Repnik from the Opus Monument Preservation company based on original documents. A fragment of the original figure had previously been rediscovered in a nearby daycare center . This is to get a place in the district museum Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Further renovation work with the help of the subsidies, such as the renewal of paths, the new planting of wooded areas, the installation of new benches according to the garden planner's templates (hence also called "Barth benches") or the reconstruction of a pavilion on the bank of the pond could also be carried out.
The Jungfernheidepark is not included in the list of world heritage sites, but the neighboring ring settlement on Heckerdamm , which is known as 'Siemensstadt'. The funds may also be used to beautify neighboring areas, such as the Jungfernheide park.
Park equipment
The green area has several sights and is divided into different areas, which are (as of spring 2011):
- Sports fields in the northwest
- a playground for children that was expanded as an adventure playground in 1956
- a tree nursery maintained by the district office
- a historicizing water tower
- a forest high ropes course in the southeast
- Wildlife enclosure in operation until 2013
In the middle area there is the artificially created Jungfernheideteich with a lido on its south bank. This pond receives fresh water via the Nonnengraben Canal from the Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal and releases its water to the lower Spree .
literature
- Dietmar Land, Jürgen Wenzel (ed.): Home, nature and cosmopolitan city. Life and work of the garden architect Erwin Barth . Verlag Koehler & Amelang , Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-7338-0338-8 , 480 pp.
- Jens U. Schmidt: Water towers in Berlin. Capital of the water towers. Regia-Verlag, Cottbus 2010, ISBN 978-3-86929-032-4 .
- Clemens Alexander Wimmer: Parks and Gardens in Berlin and Potsdam. Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, Section III - Garden Monument Preservation; 3. Edition. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-87584-267-7 , pp. 24-26.
Web links
- Today's Jungfernheidepark at the Senate Department for Urban Development
- History of the Jungfernheide park at the district office of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
- 159 original sheets by Erwin Barth, Felix Buch and other planners from the years 1920–1927 on VP Jungfernheide in the architecture museum of the TU Berlin
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
Individual evidence
- ↑ Brigitte Beier: The Chronicle of the Germans. Gütersloh and Munich 2007, p. 198.
- ↑ Calendar sheet May 28 in: Nordbayerischer Kurier , May 28, 2019, p. 2.
- ↑ Detailed plan drawings for the airship battalion in the archive of the Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin
- ↑ Dietmar Land, Jürgen Wenzel (ed.): Home, nature and cosmopolitan city. Life and work of the garden architect Erwin Barth. Koehler & Amelang, ISBN 3-7338-0338-8 , p. 293 f.
- ↑ a b c Birgitt Eltzel: The second bear is back. The Jungfernheide Park is being restored in accordance with the requirements of listed buildings with UNESCO funds / costs: 2.2 million euros. In: Berliner Zeitung , 7./8. May 2011, p. 27
- ^ Sheets of the war memorial in the VP Jungfernheide in the archive of the Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin
- ↑ Dietmar Land, Jürgen Wenzel (ed.): Home, nature and cosmopolitan city. Life and work of the garden architect Erwin Barth. Verlag Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-7338-0338-8 , pp. 287-291
- ^ All 72 original plans for the Jungfernheide Volkspark by Erwin Barth in the archive of the Architecture Museum of the TU Berlin
- ↑ 17 sheets for the extension of the Jungfernheidepark in the archive of the Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin
- ↑ Dietmar Land, Jürgen Wenzel (ed.): Home, nature and cosmopolitan city. Life and work of the garden architect Erwin Barth. Verlag Koehler & Amelang, ISBN 3-7338-0338-8 , pp. 295, 384-386.
- ↑ Get your stick! In: Berliner Zeitung , November 4, 2005
Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ′ 38 ″ N , 13 ° 17 ′ 27 ″ E