Election to the United States House of Representatives in 1894

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Distribution of seats
254
1
93
9
254 1 93 9 
A total of 357 seats

The elections for the United States House of Representatives in 1894 took place on November 6th and resulted in a political realignment, namely a clear victory for the Republicans, which was decisive for the elections in 1896 . Elections were held in three states between June and September 1894.

Elections to the House of Representatives in 1894 took place in the middle of the second term of President of Grover Cleveland . The nation has always been in its deepest economic depression followed by the panic of 1893 . Thus economic questions were in the foreground. In the spring, the great coal strike damaged the economies of the Midwest and the Central Atlantic states . It was accompanied by violence. The miners lost the strike and many were drawn to the populist party . Immediately after the coal strike ended, Eugene V. Debs led a nationwide railroad strike called the Pullman Strike . This paralyzed the national transport system west of Detroit for weeks until President Cleveland, deployed federal troops, ended the strike.

The fragmented and disoriented Democratic Party has been minimized everywhere except in the south of the country. It lost more than half of its seats to the Republican Party . In the south, too, the Democrats lost seats to the Republican-Populist election merger in Alabama , Texas , Tennessee and North Carolina .

The Democrats eventually lost 127 seats in the election while the Republicans gained 130 seats (after the resolution of several controversial elections). This marks the greatest turning point in the history of the House of Representatives and makes it the greatest mid-term election victory in all of United States' history . No political party had to record three-digit seat losses again until 1932 .

The main questions were about the severe economic depression for which the Republicans blamed the conservative Bourbon Democrats, with Cleveland at their head. Cleveland supporters lost their influence over the party and in 1896 opened up the possibility of its takeover by the party's silverist wing. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground outside of Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. The Democrats had campaigned to meddle a religious issue by claiming that the Republicans were allied with the anti-Catholic American Protective Association . The allegations appear to be invalid as Catholics moved towards the Republican Party.

Election summary

A seat was added for Utah .

↓
254 93 9 1
republican Democrats P S.
State Type
Total seats		 republican Democrats Populists Silver
Seats modification Seats modification Seats modification Seats modification
Alabama District 9 2   2 5   4 2   2 0  
Arkansas District 6th 0   6th   0   0  
California District 7th 6th   3 1   2 0   1 0  
Colorado District 2 1   1 0   1   1 0  
Connecticut District 4th 4th   3 0   3 0   0  
Delaware At-large 1 1   1 0   1 0   0  
Florida District 2 0   2   0   0  
Georgia District 11 0   11   0   0  
Idaho At-large 1 1   0   0   0  
Illinois District 22nd 22nd   11 0   11 0   0  
Indiana District 13 13   11 0   11 0   0  
Iowa District 11 11   1 0   1 0   0  
Kansas District
+ at-large 		8th 7th   4 0   1   4 0  
Kentucky District 11 6th   5 5   5 0   0  
Louisiana District 6th 0   6th   0   0  
Maine District 4th 4th   0   0   0  
Maryland District 6th 3   3 3   3 0   0  
Massachusetts District 13 12   3 1   3 0   0  
Michigan District 12 12   5 0   5 0   0  
Minnesota District 7th 7th   3 0   2 0   1 0  
Mississippi District 7th 0   7th   0   0  
Missouri District 15th 11   9 4th   9 0   0  
Montana At-large 1 1   0   0   0  
Nebraska District 6th 5   2 0   1 1   1 0  
Nevada At-large 1 0   0   1 0   1  
New Hampshire District 2 2   0   0   0  
New Jersey District 8th 8th   6 0   6 0   0  
new York District 34 30th   16 4th   16 0   0  
North Carolina District 9 3   2 2   6 4th   4 0  
North Dakota At-large 1 1   0   0   0  
Ohio District 21st 19th   9 2   9 0   0  
Oregon District 2 2   0   0   0  
Pennsylvania District
+2 at-large 		30th 28   8 2   8 0   0  
Rhode Island District 2 2   2 0   2 0   0  
South carolina District 7th 1   6th   0   0  
South Dakota At-large 2 2   0   0   0  
Tennessee District 10 4th   2 6th   2 0   0  
Texas District 13 1   1 12   1 0   0  
Vermont District 2 2   0   0   0  
Virginia District 10 2   2 8th   2 0   0  
Washington At-large 2 2   0   0   0  
West Virginia District 4th 4th   4 0   4 0   0  
Wisconsin District 10 10   6 0   6 0   0  
Wyoming At-large 1 1   1 0   1 0   0  
1895 election
Utah At-large 1 1   1 0   0   0  
total 357 254
71.1% 		  111 93
26.1% 		  107 9
2.5% 		  4 1
0.3% 		  1
Seats of the most popular party per state
  • 80.1-100% Democrats
    		•   
  • 80.1-100% Republican
    		•
  • 60.1-80% Democrats
    		•   
  • 60.1-80% Republicans
    		•
  • Up to 60% Democrats
    		•
  • Up to 60% populists
    		•
  • Up to 60% Republicans
    		•
    Net change of seat of the party representation
  • 6+ Democrats
    		•   
  • 6+ Republicans
    		•
  • 3 to 5 Democrats
    		•   
  • 3 to 5 republicans
    		•
  • 1 to 2 Democrats
    		•
  • 1 to 2 populists
    		•
  • 1 to 2 republicans
    		•
  • no change
    		•

    Early election dates

    In 1894, three states - with 8 seats among them - held elections:

    Remarks

    1. ↑ Dubin (p. 312) counts 244 Republicans, 105 Democrats, 7 populists and 1 Silver supporter at the opening of the 54th US Congress before the results of some controversial elections were overturned in favor of the Republican (and some populist) candidates. Dubin counts 253 Republicans, 93 Democrats, 9 populists and 1 Silver supporter at the beginning of the second session of the 54th Congress, which comes close to Martis' (pp. 148-49).
    2. ↑ "At-large" seats have been factored out.
    3. ↑ a b c Elections took place beforehand.
    4. ^ Newly incorporated state
    5. ↑ Including later elections.

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c d e Martis, pp. 148–149.
    2. ↑ The New York Times Times Machine: SENATE AND HOUSE SECURED; REPUBLICAN CONTROL IN THE NEXT CONGRESS ASSURED.
    3. ^ African-Americans and Populism ( Memento from June 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
    4. ↑ Jensen (1971), Chap. 9.

    literature

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