Westerwald (Eichsfeld)
| Westerwald / Eichsfelder Westerwald | ||
|---|---|---|
 View from Effelder to the northwest on the Westerwald with the Glasegrund |
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| Highest peak | Amtklafter (Herrenberg) ( 504 m above sea level ) | |
| location | Eichsfeld district , Thuringia , Germany | |
| part of | Upper Eichsfeldes , Thuringian Basin (with edge plates) | |
| Classification according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany | |
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 17 ′ N , 10 ° 14 ′ E | |
| rock | Shell limestone | |
The Westerwald (also called Eichsfelder Westerwald ) is one to 504 m above sea level. NHN high, wooded ridge of the Obereichsfeld in the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia ( Germany ).
Origin of name
There are different theories for the origin of the name. The Westerwald used to be called the waxedter forest . By shortening and shifting sounds, it became the Westerwald. Another explanation is the derivation from the beech tree that occurs frequently here. Young beech trunks are also called heisters . The Heisterwald then became the Westerwald. Historically, the name for a (in the early Middle Ages much larger) forest on the western border of Thuringia is also possible (see also Westergau ).
geography
location
The Westerwald is part of the Eichsfelder Höhe and the Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal nature park, about 12 km south-southeast of Heilbad Heiligenstadt , the district town of the Eichsfeld district. It is located between Wachsedt in the northeast, Küllstedt in the east, Effelder and Großbartloff in the south, Geismar in the extreme southwest, Wilbich in the southwest, Ershausen in the west and Martinfeld in the northwest.
Natural allocation
The Westerwald, in which deciduous forest predominates, is part of the western boundary of the natural area Thuringian Basin (with edge plates) (main unit group 47/48) against the western eastern Hessian mountainous region (main unit group 35). The natural area is classified as part of the Upper Eichsfeld as follows :
- 483 Ringgau – Hainich – Obereichsfeld – Dün – Hainleite
- 483.2 Western Upper Area
- 483.20 Kalteneberer step edge area
- Westerwald
- 483.20 Kalteneberer step edge area
- 483.2 Western Upper Area
Mountains and viewpoints
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Mountains and elevations:
The mountains and elevations of the Westerwald include - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea level (NHN):
- Official fathers ( Herrenberg ; 504.0 m), southwest of waxedt
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Schimberg :
- Summit (473.4 m), northwest of Großbartloff
- Martinfelder Schimberg (470.6 m), southeast of Martinfeld
- Kuppe in Junkerholz (458.4 m), northwest of Großbartloff
- Südkuppe (457.1 m), between Ershausen and Großbartloff
- Fuchslöcherkopf (465.0 m), west of Küllstedt
- Dörnerberg (454.4 m), north-northwest of Großbartloff
- Klusberg (443.2 m), north-northeast of Großbartloff
- Großer Heuberg (429.6 m), southeast of Ershausen
- Eichberg (425.3 m), southwest of Großbartloff
Viewpoints:
- Martinfelder and Ershäuser windows on the Martinfelder Schimberg
- Blue miracle from Gleichenstein Castle; currently (2016) not open
- Bartloffer view from the southern Schimberg to the east
geology
The plateau area of the Westerwald and its upper slope areas are formed by the limestone of the Lower Muschelkalk . The lower slope areas are already occupied by the marl clays of the Upper Buntsandstein . In the transition area there is an overlaying of limestone debris due to floe slides. Fissure caves have formed where entire packages of rock have slipped or shifted against each other .
climate
The precipitation measuring point in waxedt, located at 490 m above sea level, but abandoned by the German Meteorological Service in 2006, is considered a reference station for the high elevations of the Westerwald. The annual total precipitation there between 1930 and 1960 was 781 mm, between 1969 and 2006 it was 848 mm. The 480 m high station Eigenrieden can be used for the annual mean temperatures of the high elevations of the Westerwald with 6.6 ° C. The lowest temperatures were measured at −31 ° C in the winter of 1837/38 and at −30 ° C in the winter of 1928/29. A closed snowpack was recorded on 144 days between November 25, 1969 and April 16, 1970.
Special weather events:
- Hurricane-like storms on 1st / 2nd January 1834 and between January 28 and 31, 1834: 300 fathoms of storm wood.
- A cyclone on July 19, 1966 caused 14,000 cubic meters of storm wood v. a. in the forest district waxedt
- Freezing rain from November 30th to December 2nd, 1988 produced 3,000 cubic meters of broken wood
Flowing waters
The Westerwald lies completely in the river system of the Werra tributary Frieda . To the west it is flanked by the Rosoppe , to the east the Lutter and the upper reaches of the Steingraben flow through its peripheral areas - both in a north (east) -south (west) direction. The Frieda itself flanks the outermost southern foothills in a south-east-north-west direction. Numerous smaller springs and tributaries are located in the area of the source horizon below the layer of the shell limestone:
- to Rosoppe: Klüschenborn, Eselsborn and Wagentalsquelle near Martinfeld, Gute Born near Ershausen, Wildebach near Wilbich
- zur Lutter: Wolfentalsbach, Gläsenerquelle, Klusborn, Neunbörner (all at Großbartloff).
Sintered limestone banks have formed there in places through the precipitation of lime.
Flora and fauna
The Westerwald has been part of the red deer habitat since around 1945 . The deer come from game enclosures at Rothestein Castle and on the Gobert, whose fences became porous during the war years. Originally deer from the Hamburg zoo Hagenbeck and from Hungary were settled there by Baron von Knoop . Deer and wild boar are common. On the initiative of the then chief forestry officer Friedrich Brückner from Heiligenstadt, a trial of the release of a herd of mouflon in the Westerwald was started in 1971 . In the Großbartloff forest district, a game habitat gate was created. In 1973 the first 12 animals were released into the wild, in the following years more animals were acquired from the Harz region (Revier Ballenstedt). In the meantime the population has increased to 200 to 300 animals and can be detected in six districts of the Eichsfeld.
Protected areas
Quite large areas of the forest belong to the fauna-flora-habitat area Ibenkuppe − Thomasbrücke − Ostlicher Westerwald ( CDDA no. 4727-320; 4727-320 designated; 12.03 km² in size). Its southern area - along Steingraben and Oberer Lutter - is congruent with parts of the multi-part bird sanctuary Südliches Eichsfeld (VDG No. 4727-420; 19.67 km²).
Transport links
Landesstraße 2032 runs through the Westerwald approximately in a north-south direction , which runs past the Forsthaus Westerwald over the highest point of the ridge and connects waxedt in the northeast with Großbartloff in the south. Until the 1990s, in the south between Kuellstedt or Büttstedt and Großbartloff perverted the features of the Cannon Route belonging leinefelde-treysa railway , from in this section, you still the Küllstedter tunnel (1,530 m long), the Muhlenberg I Tunnel (155 m) and the Mühlenberg II tunnel (343/345 m) testify.
Buildings and sights
On the northern edge of the Westerwald is the pilgrimage church Klüschen Hagis and a little to the west of it in the vicinity of the Westerwald is the Gleichenstein Castle . In the southern Luttertal are the Lutter, Kloster and Spitz mills. The Lutter waterfall, which is around 10 m high, is located on the eastern edge of Großbartloff near the last-mentioned water mill . On the Amtklafter, near the summit, in the forestry district of Amtklafter , is the Forsthaus Westerwald . The "Schweizer Häuschen" rest area is located in Küllstedter Grund .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Walter Prohaska: Eichsfelder Jagd und Forsten in earlier centuries. Eichsfelder Heimathefte 1988, pp. 321–232.
- ↑ Eduard Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2007, p. 229.
- ↑ August von Wersebe: Description of the district between the Elbe, Saale and Unstrut, Weser and Werra. Published by Hahn'schen Buchhandlung, Hanover 1829, pp. 40–41.
- ↑ a b Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
- ^ E. Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald. 2007, pp. 20, 21.
- ^ E. Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald. 2007, p. 24ff.
- ^ E. Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald. 2007, p. 127.
- ^ E. Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald. 2007, p. 131.
- ^ E. Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald. 2007, p. 162 following
- ↑ Ewald Heerda: Discoveries in the Eichsfeld. Interesting facts from the woods and fields . Self-published by the author, Heiligenstadt 1993, p. 83-86 .
- ↑ Forest - game - hunting. In: Thüringer Forstamt Heiligenstadt, online portal. Retrieved March 6, 2010 .
literature
- Eduard Fritze: The Eichsfelder Westerwald. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-86777-005-7 .
