Lutter (Frieda)

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Lutter
Stone bridge and Lutter weir above Großbartloff

Stone bridge and Lutter weir above Großbartloff

Data
Water code DE : 41782
location Eichsfeld district , Thuringia , Germany
River system Weser
Drain over Frieda  → Werra  → Weser  → North Sea
source Site of the Luttermühle homestead
in the municipality of Effelder
51 ° 15 ′ 16 ″  N , 10 ° 14 ′ 22 ″  E
Source height 309.7  m above sea level NN 
muzzle In the municipality of Geismar
in the Frieda coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 24 ″  N , 10 ° 11 ′ 4 ″  E 51 ° 13 ′ 24 ″  N , 10 ° 11 ′ 4 ″  E
Mouth height approx.  220  m above sea level NN 
Height difference approx. 89.7 m

Catchment area 36.5 km²
Left tributaries Rottenbach
Right tributaries Steingraben, Kellerborn, Neunbörner, Wolfentalsbach
Communities Effelder , Großbartloff (flowed through), Geismar

The Lutter is a right-hand or northern tributary of the Frieda in the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia ( Germany ).

course

The Lutter runs exclusively in the Obereichsfeld and in the Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal Nature Park . It rises on the southern edge of the Westerwald around 2 km east-northeast of Großbartloff . Its source is on the grounds of the Luttermühle farmstead , which belongs to Effelder to the south and is located in the Luttertal, named after the source of the brook and lined with deciduous forest.

The Lutter flows through the area of ​​the Luttermühle to the north, only to bend towards the west-south-west after barely 100 m. At this bend, the Lutter absorbs the water from two streams that joined shortly before: on the one hand the stone trench several kilometers long , which flows from the north of waxedt through a narrow valley along the eastern edge of the Westerwald, and on the other hand the much shorter Kellerborn , the from the south - fed by a nameless brook from the southeast - comes from the direction of Effelder.

Below the Luttermühle , the Lutter flows to the Neunbörner stream, which comes from the Westerwald from the north and runs along the Landesstrasse  2032, which connects waxedt and Großbartloff . From then on, the Lutter flows along this road, on which it passes the Klostermühle , which is also part of Effelder, a little later .

Then the Lutter enters the municipality of Großbartloff. At Spitzmühle there, the brook falls over the approximately 10 m high cliff of the Lutter waterfall into a small, ravine-like valley leg. Beyond the waterfall , the small Rottenbach flows in from the south . In the village, the Lutter bends south in the confluence area of ​​the Wolfentalsbach flowing from the north . Below Großbartloff she passes the Herode settlement belonging to the village .

The Lutter then enters the municipality of Geismar - still flowing along the L 2032 . About a kilometer in the stream below the duck mill there , it flows between the villages of Geismar in the north-west and Lengenfeld unterm Stein in the south-east, between the villages of Geismar in the north-west and Lengenfeld unterm Stein in the south-east, into the Frieda tributary of the Werra , which flows from the east .

geology

The narrow erosion valley of the Lutter is bounded by limestone and marlstone slopes of the Lower Muschelkalk . In the area of ​​Spitzmühle and the Lutter waterfall there are solid, banky but also porous travertines - some with fossil inclusions - and loose limestone sands. These rocks are around 5,000 to 10,000 years old. Below Großbartloff, the Bachtal is quite wide, the flanks of which are made up of clayey, marly layers of Röt , which are covered in sections by flowing earth , limestone rubble and loess . The valley floor consists of Holocene freshwater limestone and Auelehmen . Lime sands are transported by the carbonate and sulfate rich Lutterwasser, so that freshwater limes are deposited.

fauna

The whirling up of the water at the Lutter waterfall contributes to the self-cleaning of the Lutter through oxygen enrichment . The wagtail , dipper and wren , for example , live in this narrow, forest-lined valley area directly below the falls .

Protected areas

The area along the Steingraben and that in the Luttertal from the Lutter spring to below the Klostermühle is part of the multi-part bird sanctuary “Südliches Eichsfeld” (area number 4727-420), which is congruent with the southern part of the fauna-flora-habitat area “Ibenkuppe − Thomasbrücke − Östlicher Westerwald ”(No. 4727-320). In addition, the eastern valley slopes in the lower reaches of the Lutter, which in turn are part of the above-mentioned bird sanctuary, correspond to the northern part of the FFH area “Muschelkalkhangs von Großbartloff to Faulungen” (No. 4727–301).

Flood

In the Luttertal there are always severe floods , the worst of the 20th century was probably that of 1956. But this was exceeded by far on the afternoon of July 23, 2004. On this Friday the southern part of the Obereichsfeld was hit by a short but very violent thunderstorm rain or a waterspout . The Luttertal was particularly affected. Within a short time, large amounts of rain fell , which caused the Lutter and its tributaries to swell very strongly. Through the village of Großbartloff, huge amounts of water “enriched” rolled through the carried debris and trees , which caused considerable damage to property and buildings - according to official estimates worth around 500,000 euros. The Großbartloff volunteer fire brigade and fire brigades from neighboring communities had to use heavy equipment to pump empty the basement, remove torn trees and remove numerous damage. Many roads were then repaired. The storm almost led to another catastrophe , because heavy rain threatened to overflow two liquid manure basins full to the brim in Effelder , which would have contaminated the Luttertal. But parts of the slurry were quickly applied thinly to agricultural areas outside of the drinking water protection area there, so that the level of both basins could be lowered.

Watermills

A number of water mills were built in the Luttertal, for example as grinding , sawing , spinning and fulling mills .

  • Luttermühle :
    The "Luttermühle" belonging to Effelder, which is located at the Lutter spring, has been mentioned since 1810, when it was owned by a miller in Oberthür . The original grinding mill was technically changed by new owners around 1900 and could thus be operated as a fulling, saw and spinning mill as required. In the outbuildings, cigars were made, textiles were woven and furniture was also produced. In 1965 the idyllically situated property was purchased as a holiday property from a Dingelstadt company and given a campsite. The forest inn “Zur Luttermühle” owes its existence to this new use of the mill.
  • Klostermühle :
    The "Klostermühle", which also belongs to Effelder, is located down the stream around 400 m southwest of the Luttermühle. It initially belonged to the nearby Zella monastery as a grinding mill. With the Napoleonic occupation of the Eichsfeld (beginning of the 19th century, with the dissolution of the monastery administration) the monastery was secularized . The mill was sold in 1811. In the middle of the 19th century, the technical conversion into a spinning mill took place, this had three water wheels as a drive and also had a fulling mill. Milling was also still possible. In 1926 a major fire led to the complete destruction of the mill. A guesthouse was built on the site of the fire, the forerunner of today's forest hotel "Klostermühle".
  • Spitzmühle :
    The first mill on the Lutter belonging to Großbartloff is the “Spitzmühle”, which initially consisted of the “Obere Spitzmühle” grinding mill and the “Lower Spitzmühle” fulling mill. This mill was later converted into a pumping station for the water supply to the villages of Struth (now Rodeberg ) and Effelder. The Obere Spitzmühle was demolished after it was closed.
  • Fischmühle :
    In the middle of Großbartloff is the «Fischmühle». This mill was provided with a still recognizable year in the framework in 1630. It was operated as a fulling mill, grinding mill and oil mill. The miller was probably also in possession of the fishing rights in a section of the Lutter. Milling was stopped in 1929 and crushed until 1950 . Then a bakery was built in the mill building.
  • Fiegemühle , Frommsche Mühle and Hahnemühle :
    The "Fiegemühle", the "Frommsche Mühle" and the "Hahnemühle", each named after their owners, were still located in Großbartloff. These mills have now also been demolished or converted for residential purposes.
  • Entenmühle :
    Geismar's last mill on the Lutter is the “duck mill” near the mouth. The mill property forms a four-sided courtyard . It is already mentioned in 1545, at the time owned by a Lengenfeld citizen. The mill was still functional as a grinding mill until 1950 and was used for personal use.

Transport links

Along the major part of the course Lutter leading national road  2032 by the northeast located Wachstedt over the highest part of the Westerwalds leads, and then through Großbartloff leads almost to the mouth of the stream.

Until the 1990s, the trains of the Leinefelde – Treysa railway ran on the southern and further downstream eastern slopes of the valley along the Lutter between Küllstedt and Büttstedt, past Großbartloff and further towards their estuary . The Küllstedter tunnel (1,530 m long), the Mühlenberg I tunnel (155 m), the Mühlenberg II tunnel (343/345 m) and the Heiligenberg tunnel testify to the route belonging to the Kanonenbahn (198 m) and the Entenberg Tunnel (288 m). The Lengenfeld Viaduct stands on the former route in the Lengenfeld under the Stein, which is close to the mouth .

literature

  • Reinhard Krause: The Lutter waterfall near Großbartloff. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte, Ed. Pädagogisches Kreiskabinett Worbis, Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt 1981, pages 213-216

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Topographic map 4727, 1: 25,000
  2. ↑ a b map services ( memento of the original from December 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the BfN @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfn.de
  3. ^ Thuringian State Institute for the Environment (ed.): Area and waterway key figures (directory and map). Jena 1998. 26 pp.
  4. ↑ a b Information on waterfall height and geology from naturpark-ehw.de ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / naturpark-ehw.de
  5. ↑ a b Information on fauna, geology and Lutter waterfall from grossbartloff.de
  6. ↑ Information on the 2004 flood on grossbartloff.de
  7. ↑ "Wasserhose discharged over Effelder" - report from Thuringian regional newspaper from July 25, 2004 on wetterzentrale.de
  8. ↑ Volker Große, Klaus Herzberg: Luttermühle Effelder . In: Maik Pinkert (Ed.): Mühlen im Obereichsfeld. A compendium . Eichsfeld-Verlag, Heiligenstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-935782-13-5 , p. 88-89 .
  9. ↑ Große, Herzberg: Klostermühle Effelder . ibid, 2008, p. 86-87 .
  10. ↑ Große, Herzberg: Spitzmühle Großbartloff . ibid, 2008, p. 138-139 .
  11. ↑ Große, Herzberg: Fischmühle Großbartloff . ibid, 2008, p. 134 .
  12. ↑ Große, Herzberg: Großbartloffer mills . ibid, 2008, p. 133, 135-137 .
  13. ↑ Große, Herzberg: Entenmühle Geismar . ibid, 2008, p. 111-112 .

Web links

Commons : Lutter  - collection of images, videos and audio files