Wolfsschlucht (Märkische Schweiz)

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The Wolfsschlucht in Barnimhang

The Wolfsschlucht is a vistula glacial around 250 meters long notch valley in the Märkische Schweiz nature park on the boundary of the village of Pritzhagen , a district of the municipality of Oberbarnim in the Brandenburg district of Märkisch-Oderland .

The gorge - one of the “throats” of Märkische Schweiz - lies between the 106 meter high Dachsberg and the 37 meter high Kleiner Tornowsee . The difference in altitude is 40 meters. In the Middle Ages , an alluvial fan was deposited at the end of the gorge towards the lake , on which hops were grown. The eponymous wolf disappeared in the region in the 1830s. The predator , which is strictly protected in Germany , was spotted again for the first time in 1991 near Bollersdorf to the west .

Geomorphology - throats in the Barnimhang

The Wolfsschlucht is one of the notches in the southeastern Barnimhang , which - similar to the periglacial rumblings in Hohen Fläming - are known as throats in Märkische Schweiz. The Barnimhang slopes down to the Stobbertal , part of the Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz -Stobber-Rinne ). The glacial melt gutter has in the last two phases of the Weichselian glacial between that of dead ice -filled or break and the Berliner Urstromtal (today Spreetal) emerged, and separates the disc from the Barnim Lebuser plate . The roughly 30-kilometer-long and two to six-kilometer-wide channel drains from the Rotes Luch moorland and headwaters via Stobberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree and across the Stobber to the northeast to the Oder .

In the area of ​​the Buckower Kessel of this channel, the southeastern Barnimhang is formed as a compression moraine , which during the Saale-age ice advances due to a sometimes strong compression (disruption) of the older sediments in the Barnim underground between the Freienwalder Heights (also known as Wriezener ), which are still particularly high today Height) and the Buckower boiler. Deep gorges cut into the slopes, which are comparatively high-relief for Brandenburg standards , which have become larger due to erosion in the gradually warmer climate and are now dry. These include the Schwarze Kehle, the Grenzkehle or the Schwarze Grund, which run towards the Schermützelsee in the area of ​​the central basin . On the eastern edge of the basin, these are in particular the Wolfsschlucht and the neighboring Silberkehle to the east over the Großer Tornowsee . In addition to older ice age deposits, large areas of material from the Tertiary were pressed into the compression moraines. The Kleine Tornowsee is located on such a tertiary floe below the Wolfsschlucht.

The Wolfsschlucht

Overview

The Wolfsschlucht in April 2011

The starting point of the Wolfsschlucht is below the Dachsberg (106 m above sea  level ), which is followed to the northwest by the Krugberg , at 129 meters the highest point in Märkische Schweiz. The throat is 250 meters long and has a height difference of 40 meters. The depth is an average of twelve meters. According to the nature park administration, around 10,000 years ago at the end of the Glacial Vistula it was shaped like a flat dent.

“In the late Middle Ages and in the 18th century, the area around the Wolfsschlucht was used intensively for agriculture. As a result, the arable land above the Wolf Gorge was exposed to rainwater unprotected during heavy rainfall and was washed down the slope. Especially in the area of ​​today's gorge, the rainwater collected and drained quickly. This caused the Wolfsschlucht to enlarge enormously. The soil material removed in the process accumulated below the Wolfsschlucht in the form of an alluvial fan [...]. In the 18th century, hops were grown in what is now the wooded wetland of the Kleiner Tornowsee. By building a system of ditches on the alluvial fan, the farmers tried to keep the rainwater and the bottom sediments transported from the Wolfsschlucht away from their hop fields [...]. This created a step between the Wolfsschlucht and the Kleiner Tornowsee, which can still be seen today. However, the ditch system lost its function in heavy rain at the end of the 18th century. Today it is covered with about half a meter more soil deposits from the Wolfsschlucht. The area has been forested again since around 1800, and only little soil is removed along hiking trails. "

- Nature park administration Märkische Schweiz. The Wolfsschlucht.

Pottery digging and hop growing

The trumpet-shaped alluvial fan at the exit of the dry valley covers around 6,500 m² and breaks off towards the lake with a step around two meters high. Agriculture in the area of ​​the gorge had to be given up as early as 1342 when 3,900 m² of the throat eroded. Up to one meter thick brown and parabrown soils developed beneath the expanding forest by the end of the 17th century . In 1670, the then owner Gideon von Reutzen had the pottery ditch built from the swamps on the south bank of the Kleiner Tornowsee, which drained to the Stobber and is probably identical to the ditch that still exists today. With this measure, the lake should be deepened and leveled in order to gain cultivation areas. The hops between the canyon and the lake began in 1691, the area around the gorge was cleared again and used for farming. Von Reutzen leased the hop fields to citizens of Buckow , who mostly lived on the Töpfergasse that gave the ditch its name and paid two talers and three groschen of hop lease to von Reutzen annually. After the decline in hop growing and because of the difficulties in keeping the area free from overburden, the decision was made at the end of the 18th century to finally abandon arable farming in this area. The Pritzhagen landlady Helene Charlotte von Friedland , who became known as the "Frau von Friedland", gave the order to reforest the area around the Wolfsschlucht .

Conservation of nature, flora and fauna

→ see main section on nature conservation, flora and fauna in Kleiner Tornowsee

The Wolfsschlucht is part of the coherent European ecological network of special protection areas Natura 2000 . Among the ten FFH areas of the Märkische Schweiz nature park for the preservation of natural habitats and wild animals and plants, it is assigned to the FFH area "Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge". The profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) contains the following description for the 682 hectare area under number 3450-306:

"Richly structured compression terminal moraine complex with pronounced notch valleys formed in historical forest clearing periods , the dystrophic Small and the eutrophic Great Tornowsee, natural deciduous mixed forests and the natural Sophienfließ ."

- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Profile FFH area Tornowseen-Pritzhagener Berge.

The eponymous wolf

The strictly protected wolf

The wolf was native to the region until the beginning of the 19th century. The last free-living wolf on the Oberbarnim was shot during a driven hunt on January 23, 1823 in the Blumenthalwald, one of the largest closed forests in East Brandenburg, east of the Gamengrund between Prötzel and Tiefensee . A wolf stone with a bronze plaque on a boulder commemorates this day. However, in the years that followed, individual animals were observed again and again, which very likely came from Poland to Märkische Schweiz on old hiking trails. Wolf sightings have been increasing since the 1990s. On May 17, 1991, a wolf near Grunow was shot by a hunter despite its protection status. West of the gorge near Bollersdorf , two adult wolves and later an animal with young (pups) were also seen several times in the woods far away from the settlements in 1991. However, there seem to have been no new sightings since then.

literature

  • Dierk Heerwagen: Out and about in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park. The most beautiful hiking and cycling tours. Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-930388-21-9 .
  • Topographic leisure map 1: 25,000 Märkische Schweiz. Ed .: Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg, Potsdam edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-7490-4070-4 .

Web links

Commons : Wolfsschlucht  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe region - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river regions (PDF; 2.9 MB). In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN  0947-1995 .
  2. ↑ Werner Stackebrandt, Volker Manhenke (Ed.): Atlas for the geology of Brandenburg . State Office for Geosciences and Raw Materials Brandenburg (today: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, LBGR), 2nd edition, 142 pages, 43 maps, Kleinmachnow 2002, ISBN 3-9808157-0-6 .
  3. ↑ a b LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Natural area Märkische Schweiz.
  4. ↑ Nature Park Administration Märkische Schweiz: Origin of the landscape .
  5. ↑ a b Bodenwelten: The Wolfsschlucht near Pritzhagen . ( Memento from January 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Nature Park Administration Märkische Schweiz: The Wolfsschlucht .
  7. ^ Max Krügel: Buckow as a media city. A contribution to the 700th anniversary in 1953. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History (PDF; 11.5 MB) . Published on behalf of the Landesgeschichtliche Vereinigung für die Mark Brandenburg e. V. by Martin Henning and Heinz Gebhardt. Volume 3, Berlin 1952, p. 48.
  8. ↑ 3450-306 Tornowseen - Pritzhagener Berge.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  9. ↑ Circle of Friends of Wild Wolves e. V .: Wolfsstein in the Blumenthalwald near Prötzel (Brandenburg) .
  10. ↑ Local Action Group Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Wolfsschlucht .

Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ′ 58.2 "  N , 14 ° 5 ′ 21.3"  E