MÁVAG type 70

MÁVAG type 70 MÁV series XXIc / 490 ku k. Army Railway IVa CFR / CFF 764.4 ČSD series U 45.0 / U 46.9 JDŽ 81 DR 99 831/99 2563 StLB No. 40
Number:	MÁVAG: 152 Reșița: 120 Reghin: 12
Manufacturer:	MÁVAG , Budapest Reșița Reghin steelworks
Year of construction (s):	1906-1988
Axis formula :	Dn2t
Gauge :	760 mm ( Bosnian gauge )
Length over buffers:	7,465 mm
Height:	3,508 mm
Total wheelbase:	3,350 mm
Smallest bef. Radius:	35 m (* 30 m)
Empty mass:	(* 20.5 t)
Service mass:	22 t (* 24.8 t)
Friction mass:	22 t (* 24.8 t)
Wheel set mass :	5.5 t (* 6.2 t)
Top speed:	30 km / h
Indexed performance :	290 hp
Driving wheel diameter:	750 mm
Control type :	Stephenson Heusinger (from year of construction 1941)
Number of cylinders:	2
Cylinder diameter:	325 mm (* 320 mm)
Piston stroke:	350 mm (* 360 mm)
Boiler overpressure:	14 bar
Number of heating pipes:	76
Grate area:	1.04 m² (* 1.18 m²)
Radiant heating surface:	4.70 m² (* 5.13 m²)
Tubular heating surface:	43.45 m² (* 36.57 m²)
Evaporation heating surface:	48.15 m² (* 41.70 m²)
Water supply:	2 m³
Fuel supply:	1 t (* 1.3 t) coal
* Replica Resita 1951/1958; Reghin 1984/1988

As type 70 , the designated Budapest Maschinenfabrik MÁVAG a series of narrow tank locomotive for Bosnian track (760 mm). Vehicles of this type were widespread throughout Southeastern Europe on field and forest railways, but also on public transport routes. With a total of 284 examples, the Type 70 is one of the most built narrow-gauge locomotives in Europe.

history

MÁVAG vehicles

The type 70 was part of a series of quadruple-coupled narrow-gauge locomotives that MÁVAG designed especially for field and forest railways . A special feature of the steam locomotives were the Klien-Lindner hollow axles used , which enabled good cornering. Largely identical locomotives were, in particular, the smaller type 85 for an axle load of 4.4 t and the larger type 51 with an axle load of 6.5 t.

The first locomotives of the new type 70 were bought by Görgenyivölgyi erdei vasut (GEV) in Transylvania in 1905 . When the powerful locomotives proved their worth there, the Hungarian State Railways (MÁV) also acquired such locomotives for their narrow-gauge railways. Between 1906 and 1914 a total of 31 locomotives came to the MÁV, which were classified there as 490.001 to 490.031.

After the fall of the Habsburg Monarchy as a result of the First World War, most of the locomotives in the series remained in the successor states of Romania , Czechoslovakia , Poland , Italy and Yugoslavia .

When in 1938 and 1940 part of the area returned to Hungary as a result of the Vienna arbitration awards , there was renewed demand for these powerful locomotives. MÁVAG revised the design and produced another 52 locomotives from 1942. The MÁV initially acquired 20 locomotives, which were intended in particular for use on the narrow-gauge network of Marosvásárhely (Târgu Mureș) in Transylvania. A large part of these locomotives remained with the Romanian State Railways (CFR) from 1944 after this traffic area fell back to Romania during the Second World War .

MÁVAG produced the last series of Type 70 locomotives in 1950. Eight of these locomotives came again to MÁV, ten of which were acquired by the Romanian state forest railway administration Căile Ferate Forestiere (CFF).

A total of 152 locomotives were built at MÁVAG, which were spread over a total of 21 production series.

Romanian replica series

Even after production of the Type 70 at MÁVAG was discontinued, the Romanian forest railways still had an enormous need for new locomotives. The Reșița steelworks therefore began producing a replica series in 1951. It differed from the MÁVAG vehicles in particular in that it had a higher service weight and a slightly higher performance. By 1958, a total of 120 locomotives had left the factory in Reșița and were used on almost all Romanian forest railways.

In the 1970s, Romania was finally one of the last countries in Europe in which forest railways were still operated on a significant scale. There was only a few changes in timber transport to trucks in Romania. Ultimately, even the project to replace the steam locomotives with more modern diesel locomotives failed. The reason for this was in particular the quota for diesel fuel, which had to be obtained mainly from the Soviet Union. The fuel for the old steam locomotives, on the other hand, was generated free of charge in the sawmills in the form of waste wood. In 1984 the Reghin tractor factory began building new steam locomotives based on the original plans from Reșița. By 1988 another twelve locomotives were built for the Romanian forest railways.

technical features

Dimensional sketch of the type 70.1 from the year of construction 1905

MÁVAG 70.21 built in 1950

Replica Reșița built in 1954

The locomotives have a long boiler consisting of two sections with initially one, from the 15th series with two steam domes . The sandpit is located on the second boiler section (from the 15th construction series between the domes). All wood-fired locomotives were equipped with a Kobel chimney .

A two-cylinder engine with simple steam expansion and Stephenson control serves as the steam engine . The third coupling axle is driven. From the 15th series the steam engine had a Heusinger control.

The driving axles are rigidly mounted in an outer frame. For better cornering, the first and fourth coupling axles are designed as Klien-Lindner hollow axles . The hollow axles are guided in steering racks that are connected to one another via a lever mechanism.

The locomotives had a counter-pressure brake according to le Chatelier for use on steeply sloping routes . From the 15th series onwards, the machines were fitted with air brakes .

The water supply of 2 m³ was in two lateral water boxes. The fuel supply was behind the driver's cab . Depending on the area of ​​use, 850 kg of wood or 1 ton of coal could be bunkered.

With an output of 290 hp, they transported 210 t at 25 km / h on a flat stretch and 85 t at 12 km / h on an incline of 25 per thousand.

commitment

The type 70 at the k. u k. Army Railway

With the beginning of the First World War, the k. u k. Heeresbahn had a great need for locomotives for military purposes. The ku k. Heeresbahn received a total of eight locomotives from MÁVAG in 1916, which were classified there as class IVa. In addition, there were three vehicles delivered by the Grantaler Bahn in 1912 , which were confiscated.

The locomotives were used on almost all narrow-gauge railways near the front with Bosnian gauge. In particular, it has been used on the Prislopbahn in the Carpathian Mountains, the Steinbeisbahn in Bosnia-Herzegovina and on the Gardena Railway in South Tyrol . After the First World War none came back to Hungary. Six machines remained in Yugoslavia, two in Italy, two in Czechoslovakia and one in Poland.

The Type 70 in the successor states of the Danube Monarchy

Romania

Vișeu de Sus forest railway (Wassertalbahn)

The type 70 was most widespread on Romania's narrow-gauge railways. Both the Romanian State Railways (CFR) and the Romanian state forest railway company Căile Ferate Forestiere (CFF) use a large number of locomotives. The regular use of the vehicles on the Romanian forest railways in the Carpathian Mountains ended until 2001 when the routes were closed. The only remaining route since then has been the Wassertalbahn near Vișeu de Sus . There, some of the trains will continue to be driven by steam locomotives for tourist reasons. Use on forest railways:

• Vișeu de Sus forest railway (Wassertalbahn)
• Câmpu Cetății forest railway
• Berzasca Forest Railway
• Moldovița forest railway
• Forest railway Tismana
• Orăştie Forest Railway
• Covasna forest railway

Czechoslovakia

In Czechoslovakia only two locomotives had remained after the First World War, the advance of k for inventory. u k. Heeresbahn had heard. The Czechoslovak State Railways classified the vehicles as U 45.001 and U 45.002 in their inventory. They were used on the Borzsa Valley Railway in Carpathian Ukraine . When the traffic area fell back to Hungary in 1938 and to the Soviet Union in 1944, they stayed there.

Two other locomotives of this type were to be found on the forest railways in Slovakia. They were delivered by MÁVAG to Čiernohronská lesná železnica (ČHLD) and Považská lesná železnica (PLŽ) in 1942, where they were designated as U 46.901 and U 46.902 according to the ČSD numbering scheme for private railway locomotives.

Yugoslavia

After the First World War, a total of eleven locomotives built between 1912 and 1916 remained in what was later to become Yugoslavia . u k. Heeresbahn as well as from the Hungarian State Railways came from. Eight locomotives came to the Yugoslav State Railways (JDŽ) as 81-001 to 81-008 , four remained with the private Steinbeisbahn in Prijedor .

The Type 70 on the Deutsche Reichsbahn

The Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) only got a few locomotives as a result of the Second World War. Two of the machines came from the Yugoslav State Railways (JDŽ), where they had the numbers 81-001 and 81-004. One of the locomotives ran as No. 40 on the Styrian Gaueisenbahnen , while the other was used by DR itself as 99 831 on the Neuhaus – Neubistritz narrow-gauge railway (Jindřichův Hradec – Nová Bystřice) in the Sudetenland . Both locomotives returned to the JDŽ in June 1947.

A third locomotive was confiscated in Poland in 1943 . It remained at the Mügeln (b Oschatz) train station in Saxony, where it was restored to working condition as 99 2563 after the end of the war. In 1955 it was retired and scrapped there.

Locomotives preserved in a museum

MÁVAG locomotives

Due to the high number of units built, a number of original type 70 locomotives are still preserved today. The oldest surviving locomotive was delivered in 1910 by MÁVAG with the serial number 2619. She ran until 1992 on the forest railway Berzasca and is now in the field and industrial railway museum in Lower Austria's field .

MÁVAG locomotives preserved in a museum
Factory no.	Construction year	Construction series	origin	Today's location	comment	photo
2619	1910	-	CFF 764-222	Field and Industrial Railway Museum Freiland	-
2832	1911	-	?	Kulturpflegeverein Steinberg, loan to Romania, used there again as 764-243, including on sections of the Covasna forest railway	operational
5260	1942	70.15	MÁV 490.039	Budapest Children's Railway	operational
5262	1942	70.15	MÁV 490.041	Szombathely	monument	-
5276	1942	70.15	No. 5 IMRE	Gánt Mining Museum	monument
5277	1942	70.15	ČHLD U 46.901	Schwarzgranbahn , Čierny Balog / Slovakia	operational
5278	1942	70.15	PLŽ U 46.902	District Museum Pribylina / Slovakia	shut down, restart planned	-
5599	1947		Banovići coal railway 55-99	Banovići Coal Railway	operational
5848	1950	70.21	MÁV 490.056	Budapest Children's Railway	operational
5849	1950	70.21	MÁV 490.057	Nagycenk Museum	monument
5850	1950	70.21	MÁV 490.058	Ópusztaszer	monument

Locomotives of the Romanian replica series

In view of the sometimes young age, most of the locomotives still in existence today come from the Romanian replica series from Reșița and Reghin. Several locomotives came to railway museums and museum railways all over Europe, where quite a few are kept in working order.

Since around 2000, there have been transfer effects in the opposite direction. Some locomotives were bought back to Romania and some of them have been refurbished to be operational again.

Preserved locomotives of the Romanian replica series
Manufacturer	Factory no.	Boiler number	Construction year	origin	Today's location	comment	photo
Reșița	1407		1953	CFI 764-007	from May 2018 Stainzerbahn , before that Steyrtalbahn , Austria	switched off
Reșița	3052	1455	1958	CFF 764-490	Narrow-gauge railway Třemešná ve Slezsku – Osoblaha Czech Republic	operational as U 46.002
Reșița	3055	1458	1958	ACC Criscior No. 8	JHMD , Jindřichův Hradec / Czech Republic	operational as U 46.001
Reșița	953		1951	CFF 764,375 from Orăştie	Királyrét narrow-gauge railway	operational as 490.2004
Reșița	1194	954	1951	CFF 764-376	Nuremberg, Feldbahnmuseum 500	monument
Reșița	1676		1954	CFF 764,424 from Borsec	Forest Railway Gemenc	490,2003 "REZÉT" inoperable
Reșița	1683	1132	1954	CFF 764-427	Monument Mokra Gora ( Sarganska Osmica Museum Railway , Serbia)
Reșița	1681	1130	1954	CFF 764-425	Tankodrom, Milovice (Czech Republic)	operational
Reșița	1679	1128	1954	CFF 764-423	Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
Reșița	1677	1126	1954	CFF 764-421	Wassertalbahn , Vișeu de Sus / Romania	operational as "ELVETIA"
Reșița	1691	1140	1954	CFF 764-435	Wassertalbahn , Vișeu de Sus / Romania	operational
Reșița	1692	1141	1955	CFF 764-436	Wassertalbahn , Vișeu de Sus / Romania	switched off
Reșița	2205	1188	1955	CFF 764-449	temporarily in the Bahnpark Augsburg , today again on the Wassertalbahn in Romania as "IOANA"	Loan from RG Holz, Viseu de Sus	-
Reșița	B 393		1955	CFF 764-469	Wassertalbahn , Vișeu de Sus / Romania	in work-up
Reșița	1199		1956	CFF 764,460 to Fenes	Csömödér forest railway	operational as 490.2002 "ÁBEL"
Reșița	2611		1957	Criscior No. 5	until 2004 on the Steyrtalbahn in Austria, again in Romania, owned by CFI Brad	operational
Reșița	603		1984	CFF 764,406R from Borsec	Kaszó forest railway	490.2001 "KARÁCSONY", not operational
Reghin	601		1984	CFF 764-404R	temporarily on the Stainzerbahn in Austria, today again in Romania, Waldbahn Moldovița	operational
Reghin	-		1984	CFF 764-408R	Wassertalbahn , Vișeu de Sus / Romania	operational as "COZIA-1"
Reghin	606		1985	CFF 764-409R from Tismana	Oldtimer Museum Rügen	-
Reghin	619		1986	CFF 764-411R	Stainzerbahn , Stainz / Austria	operational
Reșița				CFF 764,468 from Comăneşti	Gyöngyös forest railway	operational as 490.2005 "GYÖNGYI"

The Wassertalbahn website also states: Retired, but still available are 764.452, 764. 457 and 764 484 (all Reșița), which were used as spare parts donors.

See also

• List of locomotive and multiple unit series of the MÁV
• List of locomotive and multiple unit series of the ČSD

literature

• Mihály Kubinszky (ed.): Hungarian locomotives and railcars , Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1975, ISBN 963-05-0125-2
• Karel Just: Parní Lokomotivy na úzkorozchodných dratích ČSD . Vydavatelství dopravní literatury Ing. Luděk Čada, Litoměřice, 2001 ISBN 80-902706-5-4

Web links

Commons : MÁVAG 70  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Presentation of the 490 series with mention of the 492 that has been preserved. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013 ; accessed on January 30, 2019 . 
• Description of type 70
• Description of Romanian narrow-gauge locomotives

Individual evidence

1. ↑ List of the locomotives in the MÁV inventory on www.pospichal.net
2. ↑ List of the locomotives of the Reghin tractor works at www.pospichal.at
3. ↑ List of the locomotives of the k. u k. Army Railway
4. ↑ Jindřich Bek, Zdeněk Bek: Encyklopedie železnice - Parní lokomotivy [3] . Nakladatelství corona, Praha, 2000 ISBN 80-86116-20-4 ; P. 201f
5. ^ Josef Motyčka: Encyklopedie železnice - Parní lokomotivy [5] . Nakladatelství corona, Praha, 2001 ISBN 80-86116-23-9 ; P. 76
6. ↑ List of the locomotives in the JDŽ portfolio on www.pospichal.net
7. ↑ Description of the U 46.901 ( Memento from May 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (Slovak)
8. ↑ Austria's Reșița steam locomotives run in Stainz. In: Weststeirische Rundschau. No. 19, year 2018 (May 11, 2018), p. 1. (stated as year of construction 1958).
9. ^ Homepage of the Museum Bahnpark Augsburg ( Memento from August 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive )