Jugoslovenske Železnice

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Železnice Kraljevine SHS
Железнице Краљевине СХС (1918-1929)
Jugoslovenske državne Železnice
Југословенске Државне Железнице (1929-1954)
Yugoslav Railways
Југословенске Железнице (since 1954)

logo
legal form State railway
founding 1918
resolution 2004
Reason for dissolution The remaining company was renamed Železnice Srbije
Seat Belgrade
Branch Transport / logistics

The Yugoslav Railways ( Serbian - Cyrillic Југословенске Железнице , Acronym JŽ-ЈЖ ; Bosnian / Croatian željeznice Jugoslavenske ; Macedonian Југословенски железници / Jugoslovenski železnici; Slovenian železnice Jugoslovanske ; German  " Yugoslav Railways " ) was from 1918 to 1991, the State Railways of Yugoslavia . You were one of the founding members of the International Union of Railways UIC and had the UIC code 72.

history

Železnice Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (SHS)

Predecessor railways of the SHS

After the First World War , the newly founded state, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SHS state) took over the railway from the Danube Monarchy and the Serbian State Railways , from which the first Yugoslav railway company, Železnice Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (railways of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). They had a route network of 8200 km in length, of which 2180 km were narrow gauge . The administration was divided into four operational directorates based in Belgrade , Subotica , Zagreb and Sarajevo . There were also a number of private railways, such as the Slavonska Podravska Željeznica (Slavonian Drautalbahn) or the ŠIPAD .

Jugoslovenske Državne Železnice (JDŽ)

The battles of the Second World War led to severe destruction of the rail network. Attack by Yugoslav partisans in 1941 on the Donji Vakuf – Jajce section .
Youth brigade building the Šamac – Sarajevo railway line
Diesel multiple unit JDŽ 488 (JŽ 801) painted red

In the course of state unification by King Alexander I in 1929, the SHS state was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the SHS were referred to as Jugoslovenske Državne Železnice (JDŽ, Yugoslav State Railways). While many of the regulations of the previous railways remained in force at the SHS, previous practices and regulations were standardized from 1929 onwards. Because the division of the rolling stock of the Austro-Hungarian railways was controversial, the division of the vehicle fleet could not be completed until 1933, with which the JDŽ were able to officially introduce their new numbering scheme.

During the Second World War , from April 6, 1941, the country was fragmented by the invasion of German, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops. Quasi-independent satellite states were formed such as Croatia , to which Bosnia and Herzegovina was also incorporated, and Serbia . The same thing happened to the railways , which were divided among the Axis Powers and the Collaborating States. Until February 28, 1942, the JDŽ locomotive park in Rome was divided between the DRB , MÁV , BDŽ , FS and the newly founded Hrvatske državne željeznice (HDŽ, Croatian State Railways) and the SDŽ .

The Second World War hit Yugoslavia hard. 50% of all railway lines were destroyed or badly damaged, the locomotives and the rolling stock were also badly affected. As soon as an area was liberated from the occupiers, reconstruction began. Many locomotives were returned, exchanged or taken over as reparations by the former Axis powers . The transfer of the eastern areas of Trieste to Yugoslavia added over 100 kilometers of 3000 volt direct current lines to the JDŽ railway network. The five-year plan of 1947 envisaged the construction of 1,600 kilometers of new railways, many of which were built by youth brigades due to lack of financial means .

Jugoslovenske Železnice (JŽ)

Electrical operation of the Sarajevo – Ploče line opened in 1969 in Ploče
Special letter for the inauguration of the Belgrade – Bar Railway in 1976

In the early 1950s, the centrally run JDŽ was one of the last Yugoslav institutions that had not been reformed in accordance with the guidelines of workers' self-government. A reform led to the decentralization of the railway administration, which from 1953 was called Jugoslovenske Železnice (JŽ, Yugoslavian Railways). The Zajednica Jugoslovenskih Železnica (ZJŽ, Community of Yugoslav Railways) consisted of the Directorate General, based in Belgrade, the sleeping and dining cars company KSR, the Zavod za projektovanje (ZJŽ, project office, today CIP) and five railway transport company Železničko Transportno Preduzece (ZTP) in Belgrade (with management in Titograd ), Zagreb , Sarajevo , Skopje and Ljubljana . As a United Transport Company (ZŽTP), Ljubljana itself was divided into three autonomous companies called ŽTP in Maribor , Ljubljana and Postojna . In the course of the 1960s, the number of ŽTPs changed and the individual ŽTPs were given ever greater independence, so that they de facto acted as independent railway companies and some of them ordered their own locomotives. The role of the JŽ was essentially limited to preparing the timetables , setting the transport tariffs and representing the country's railways abroad.

Under the socialist government , considerable building projects were carried out with foreign financial aid. The inconsistent rail network was brought to a European level and the transit problems that had plagued Yugoslavia in the prewar period were resolved to some extent. The west-east corridor was modernized, the connections to the Adriatic were expanded or rebuilt and the main network was electrified or switched to diesel operation. In 1969 the electrification of the main line Zagreb – Belgrade with 25 kV 50 Hz was completed. In advance there were differences of opinion between the ŽTP Belgrade and Zagreb as to whether locomotives should be procured from Alsthom or Asea . By 1975, 2,647 kilometers or 26.3% of the route network had been electrified.

The transport of people and goods increased rapidly until 1965, but after that there was a greater decline due to road competition in the transport of people. In 1975 115,000 employees transported 129 million people and 78 million tons of goods, the transport performance amounted to 12.2 billion pkm and 21.6 billion tkm . At the end of the 1980s, modern rolling stock made higher speeds possible. The Belgrade – Budapest – Vienna express trains reached the national border at Subotica, 150 kilometers away, in less than two hours .

Disintegration and successors

In the Bosnian war zerschossener multiple unit JŽ series 411
On May 1, 1999, the Lim Bridge on the Belgrade-Bar Railway was destroyed by NATO

When the entire state fell apart as a whole from 1991 onwards, the railway company began to split up. During the Croatian War , numerous railway lines were damaged and made unusable. The Sava Corridor , which serves as the main route , was interrupted at several points between Zagreb and Belgrade, which resulted in a large-scale relocation of European transit traffic and the cessation of the Orient Express . With the end of the fighting, the Sava Corridor was reopened on December 1, 1997 after a long break. As part of Operation Allied Force bombed in 1999, aircraft of the NATO railway lines and bridges in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , which led to the complete cessation of rail transport.

Successor lines of JŽ

With the collapse of the Yugoslav state, the independent countries founded their own state railways. The remainder of the JŽ that remained with Serbia was renamed Železnice Srbije (ŽS, Serbian Railways) in 2004 .

Country or entity Railway company Abbr. founding
Slovenia Slovenske železnice SŽ 1991
Croatia Hrvatske željeznice HŽ 1990
North Macedonia Makedonski železnici MŽ 1991
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bosnia and Herzegovina Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine ŽFBH 2001
Republika Srpska , Bosnia and Herzegovina Željeznice Republike Srpske ŽRS 1992
Serbia Železnice Srbije ŽS 2004
Montenegro Željeznica Crne Gore ŽCG 2006
Kosovo Hekurudhat e Kosovës / Kosovske Železnice HK / KŽ 1999

Route network

Yugoslavia's railway network in 1941

The Yugoslav standard gauge network originally arose from parts of three different networks, the Austro-Hungarian , the Ottoman in Macedonia (since 1873) and the Serbian , the first line of which Belgrade - Niš was not opened until 1884. In addition, the Danube Monarchy built mostly narrow-gauge railroads in its remote border region of Bosnia (see the history of the railways in Bosnia and Herzegovina ). This resulted in very different orientations of the individual parts of the country and a lack of connections between some regions. These difficulties could not be completely resolved by the end of the Jugoslovenske Železnice, despite some line construction.

After 1918 the following railway networks came to the Yugoslav railways:

Railway company Length approx. predominant gauge
kk Austrian State Railways (kkStB) 360 km Standard gauge 1435 mm
kkpriv. Southern Railway Company (SB) 525 km
Austrian local railways 350 km
Hungarian State Railways (MÁV) 1240 km
Hungarian local railways 2310 km
Serbian State Railways (SDŽ) 1550 km
Bosnian-Herzegovinian Railways (BHLB) 1165 km Bosnian track 760 mm
German-Bulgarian Army Field Railway in Macedonia 425 km Narrow gauge 600 mm
Total 7925 km
Lutovo slope bridge of the Belgrade-Bar Railway
Rail bus on the Drežanka Bridge between Sarajevo and Ploče

The most important rail connection was the west-east corridor from Villach via Ljubljana-Zagreb-Belgrade , Niš and Skopje to Greece with a branch to Bulgaria in Niš. At the end of 1975 the route network was 10 068 kilometers. Important new building projects of the JDŽ and JŽ were:

Vehicle fleet

JŽ trolley based on the ZIS-110 passenger car

Steam locomotives

Standard gauge locomotives

Express locomotives BR 01 to BR 15

  • BR 01 : four-cylinder superheated steam locomotives with a 1'C1 'axle arrangement from Schwartzkopff, Berlin
  • BR 02: Express locomotives with a 2'C wheel arrangement, corresponded to the SB 109 series of the Austrian Southern Railway. After the First World War, 13 of them came to the JDŽ as series 02.
  • BR 03: Express locomotives with a 2'C wheel arrangement, corresponded to the MÁV series 327 of the Hungarian State Railways. After the First World War, 32 of them came to the JDŽ as series 03.
  • BR 05 : Express locomotives with a 2'C1 'axle arrangement built by Berliner Maschinenbau-Actien-Gesellschaft formerly L. Schwartzkopff , a total of 40 were built from 1930. Many parts were identical to the 06 and 30 series.
  • BR 06 : Borsig built passenger locomotives with a 1'D1 'wheel arrangement, a total of 30 units were built from 1930. Many parts were identical to series 05 and 30.
  • BR 10: Tender locomotives with a 2'D wheel arrangement
  • BR 11: 2'Dh2 tender machines that corresponded to the Hungarian series 424

  • JŽ four-cylinder steam locomotive with a tender BR 01 in Zagreb

  • JŽ four-cylinder steam locomotive with a tender BR 01 in Zagreb

  • JŽ four-cylinder steam locomotive with a tender BR 01 in Zagreb

  • BR 01 and BR 03 locomotives in front of a passenger train in Zagreb

  • Express locomotive BR 03-001 in Zagreb

  • BR 06 locomotive in Zidani Most

  • Class 10-003 2'D locomotive with a tender in Zagreb

  • Class 11-049 2'D tender locomotive in front of a passenger train in Zagreb

Freight locomotives class 20 to class 49

  • BR 20 : 1'Ch2 machines with towed tenders and replicas of the kuk HB 860
  • BR 22 : 1'C1 'Tender machines with 3-axle tender
  • BR 25 : Locomotives with a 1'Dh wheel arrangement with a 3-axle tender. In Italy such locomotives were used as the FS 728 series.
  • BR 29 : Heavy freight locomotives with a 1'E wheel arrangement with a 3-axle tender
  • BR 30 : Borsig built freight locomotives with a 1'E wheel arrangement. A total of 40 units were built from 1930. Many parts were identical to series 05 and 06.
  • BR 31: In Hungary developed C'Cn4v Malletlokomotivreihe, there as MÁV VIm out
  • BR 32: In the 1960s, discarded mallets could still be seen, such as the 1C'C mallet BR 32-015
  • BR 33: The former German war locomotives of the DR series 52 were run as BR 33 on the JŽ.
  • BR 35: Tender locomotives with the wheel arrangement E. They largely corresponded to the Prussian G 10

  • 1'C1 'locomotive with a tender class 22 of the JŽ in Zagreb

  • 1'D locomotive with a tender class 25 of the JŽ in Zagreb

  • Retired 1'E freight locomotive class 29-007 with tender 29-006

  • Decommissioned C'C wet steam Mallet locomotive of JŽ 31, no. Not recognizable

  • Decommissioned 1C'C superheated steam Mallet locomotive JŽ 32-015

  • Former war locomotive JŽ 33-146

  • Freight locomotive JŽ 35-038 with tender 28-133

Tank locomotives for freight and local trains class 50 to class 59

Tank locomotive BR 53-023 of the JŽ
  • BR 53 : tank locomotive with wheel arrangement 1'D1 '

Shunting locomotives BR 60 to BR 69

  • BR 61: Shunting locomotive with the wheel arrangement C
  • BR 62 : Shunting locomotive with the wheel arrangement C

  • Shunting locomotive BR 61-028 in Zagreb

  • BR 62 shunting locomotive in Zagreb

Narrow gauge locomotives

BR 70 to BR 98 for 760 mm gauge

Locomotives that were less than 25 years old in 1933 and that had more than 5 examples:

  • BR 73 : Superheated steam locomotives with a 1'C1 'wheel arrangement with two-axle tender
  • BR 82 : four-coupled industrial locomotive
  • BR 83 : Tender locomotive with D1 'wheel arrangement in one version each for wet steam and hot steam
  • BR 85 : Further development of the 83 series
  • BR 90 : various Mallet and Meyer locomotives
  • BR 97 : Support tender locomotives with three coupling axles for adhesion and gear drive

  • Narrow gauge locomotive 73-008 in Prijedor

  • JDŽ 82-007 in the Railway Museum Požega, Serbia

  • JŽ 83-180, today as a museum locomotive on the Feistritztalbahn

  • JDŽ 85-045 as a memorial in Užice, Serbia

  • Cogwheel locomotive JŽ 97-028 in the Ljubljana Railway Museum

BR 99.2 to BR 99.4 for gauge 600 mm

The number behind the point indicates the number of coupling axles.

BR 170 to BR 198 for 760 mm gauge

Locomotives that were more than 25 years old in 1933 or that had fewer than 5 examples:

  • BR 173: Two-axle tank locomotive, used as double locomotives
  • BR 176: two-axle tank locomotive, used as double locomotives
  • BR 178 : compound locomotive with a 1'B1 'wheel arrangement with Klose steering axles and a tender
  • BR 183 : originally from Austria tank locomotive with the wheel arrangement C1 '
  • BR 185 : Support-tender compound locomotive with three coupled axles and 6.5 t axle load
  • BR 186 : Support tender compound locomotive with three coupled axles and an axle load of 8 t
  • BR 189 : Support tender locomotives with three coupled axles and Klose steering mechanism
  • BR 191 : Support tank locomotive with five coupled axles and Klose steering mechanism
  • JDŽ 1932 to 1937 : Tender locomotives with six coupled axles and no series designation
  • BR 195 : Support tender locomotives with three coupling axles for adhesion and gear drive
  • BR 196 : Mallet locomotive for adhesion and gear drive

See also: section Locomotives in the article Bosnian-Herzegovinian State Railways

Electric traction vehicles

Locomotives for 3 kV direct current

Class 310 - 312 multiple units and trains

Locomotives with four drive axles BR 341 - 342

model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type
341-0 1954 Bo'Bo ' Alstom similar to TCDD 4001-03
342-0 1968 ASGEN / OMFP

Locomotives with six drive axles BR 361 - 363

Class 362 electric locomotive
BR 361 direct current locomotive
  • BR 362: 6-axle articulated locomotive of Italian design ( Ansaldo , identical to the E.646 of the Ferrovie dello Stato ). In the mid-1960s it ran international trains on the lines that were already electrified
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer
361-0 1931-1932 Bo'BoBo ' various
361-1 1931-1932 various
361-2 1932 Saronno
362-0 1960-1967 Bo´Bo´Bo´ Ansaldo / OMFP
362-1 1968 ASGEN / OMFP
363-0 1975-1977 C'C ' Alstom

Locomotives for 25 kV alternating current

Class 411-412 powered rail car

Class 412 AC powered railcar

Locomotives with four drive axles BR 441 - 442

AC locomotive BR 441
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer
441-0 1967-1969 Bo'Bo ' SGP / TU
441-0 1970 Rade Končar
441-3 1967-1969 SGP / TU
441-3 1970 Rade Končar
441-4 1967-1969 SGP / TU
441-5 1967-1968
442-0 1984-1989 Rade Končar

Locomotives with six drive axles BR 461

model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer
461-5 1973 Co'Co ' Craiova / ASEA

Compilation of the electric locomotives

Diesel traction vehicles

Traction vehicles with electric power transmission

Class 610 - 611 multiple units and trains

  • BR 610: Five-part multiple unit from 1972 by the French manufacturer Brissonneau et Lotz for long-distance traffic
  • BR 611: aluminum railcar for long-distance traffic, in operation from 1965 to 1974

Locomotives with four drive axles BR 641 - 645

Class 645 locomotive
BR 641 in service with the Serbian Railways (ŽS)
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type
641-0 1960 Bo'Bo ' MÁVAG DVM2-6
641-0 1961 DVM2-8
641-1 1971 DVM2-57
641-2 1970 DVM2-56
641-2 1970 DVM2-59
642-0 1961-63 Đuro Đaković DEL 825
642-1 1964 DEL 825G
642-3 1968 DEL 825B
643-0 1967 Brissonneau et Lotz
643-1 Đuro Đaković
644-0 1973-74 (A1A) ´ (A1A) ´ Macosa G22U
645-0 1981 Đuro Đaković

Locomotives with six drive axles BR 661 - 666

Diesel locomotive BR 661 of American origin
BR 662 of the JŽ (D 66)
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type
661-0 1970 Co'Co ' GM (EMD) G16
661-1 1961-63
661-2 1964
661-3 1967 MLW
662-0 1965-69 Đuro Đaković DEL1650CC
663-0 1972 EMD
664-0 1973 GM ĐĐ G26
665-0 1972 MLW MX 626
666-0 1978 EMD

Locomotives with hydraulic power transmission

Class 711 - 713 and MOT 410 multiple units and trains

Salon motor car MOT 410 for President Josip Broz Tito together with two saloon cars
Class 713 multiple unit in 1957
  • BR 711: Two-part multiple unit from 1970, derived from the German class 624
  • BR 712: two-part multiple unit from Đuro Đaković
  • BR 713 : two-part multiple unit BR 713, previously ALn 772 of the Italian State Railways (FS)
  • BR MOT 410 : Exclusively furnished saloon railcar from Wegmann

Locomotives with two drive axles BR 721

model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer comment
721-0 B. JŽ numbering scheme for works locomotive

Locomotives with three drive axles BR 731 - 734

Class 732 diesel locomotive
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type
731-0 1958-1961 C. Jenbach ĐĐ DH400 C42
731-1 1963-1965 ĐĐ DHL400 CS
732-0 1964 Jenbach ĐĐ DH600 C48
732-1 1969 ĐĐ DHL600 C44
733-0 1968 DHL600 CP
734-0 1958-1961 MIN DHL400 C42

Locomotives with four drive axles BR 740 - 742

Diesel locomotive class 740 for the narrow-gauge railways operated with 760 mm gauge
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type
740-0 1968 B´B´ ĐĐ DHL600 BB
740-1 1970 DHL600 BBGP
741-0 1966 MIN DHL1500
742-0 1971 DHL1650

Locomotives with six drive axles BR 761

The locomotives of the BR 761-0 were used a long time before the government special train Plavi voz of the President Josip Broz Tito.
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type
761-0 1957 C´C´ KM DML180 N26

Motor vehicles with mechanical power transmission

Narrow-gauge railcars

Two-part multiple unit JŽ 802 in Čapljina
Narrow gauge multiple unit JŽ 801 in Sarajevo
model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type Gauge
801 1938-39 B'B '+ 2'2' + B'B ' Quite , Sl. Bread Quite VI JaR170 / 240 760 mm
802-0 1963-69 2'B '+ B'2' ĐĐ Fiat 221.H.0710
802-5 1963-69

Locomotives with two drive axles BR 821

model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type Gauge
821-0 1965 B. ĐĐ DML180 N26 1435 mm

Locomotives with three drive axles BR 830

model series Construction year Wheel alignment Manufacturer Type Gauge
830-0 1964 C. ĐĐ DML120 U / C 600 mm

literature

  • CJ Halliwell: The Locomotives of Jugoslavia, Frank Stenvalls Förlag, Malmö 1973, ISBN 91-7266-012-0
  • Allessandro Albé: American Diesel Locomotives in Europe, Pospischil Verlag, Vienna 1998

Web links

Commons : Jugoslovenske Železnice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The railways of the SH.-S. Kingdom. In: Die Lokomotive , issue No. 11 November 1921, p. 170 , accessed on 1 November 2016 .
  2. ↑ Werner Schiendl , Franz Gemeinböck: The railways in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1918 - 2016. Edition Bahn im Film, Vienna 2017, ISBN 978-3-9503096-7-6 , p. 125
  3. ↑ Werner Schiendl, Franz Gemeinböck, p. 195
  4. ↑ Werner Schiendl, Franz Gemeinböck, p. 217
  5. ↑ Werner Schiendl, Franz Gemeinböck, p. 243
  6. ^ Elmar Oberegger: Yugoslavian Railways , Sattledt, 2007
  7. ^ Electrification . On Railfaneurope.net, accessed on May 1, 2018 (English)
  8. ↑ Wound carriage. In: Der Spiegel . No. 13, 1966
  9. ↑ a b c Lexicon of the Railway . 5th edition. Transpress VEB Verlag, Berlin 1978, p. 306 (keyword Community of Yugoslav Railways JŽ)
  10. ↑ Gerhard Burbah: Brzi promašaji Serbia. In Vreme 585 of March 28, 2002 (Serbian)
  11. ^ Roland Baier: Yugoslav Railways Split By War ( Memento from July 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: Todays railways, 1998 (English)
  12. ^ Reimar Holzinger: The Locomotives in Jugoslavia Vol. 1. Frank Stenvalls, Malmö 1973, p. 18
  13. ↑ a b Frank Válóczy Electric Trainsets 300V DC. In: Railways of the former Yugoslavia (English)
  14. ^ CJ Halliwell: The Locomotives of Jugoslavia. Vol. 1, 1973, pp. 161-162.
  15. ↑ 611/616 aluminum diesel-electric unit. In: www.railfaneurope.net (English / Croatian)
  16. ^ CJ Halliwell: The Locomotives of Jugoslavia. Vol. 1, 1973, pp. 168-170.
  17. ^ Alessandro Albé: American diesel locomotives in Europe. In: Bahn im Bild. No. 115, 1998, pp. 11-15.