Breve (sign)
|
◌
˘
|
|
|---|---|
| Diacritical marks | |
| designation | character |
| Acute, simple | ◌́ |
| Acute, double | ◌̋ |
| Breve, about it | ◌̆ |
| Breve, including | ◌̮ |
| Cedilla, including | ◌̧ |
| Cedilla, about it | ◌̒ |
| Gravis, simple | ◌̀ |
| Gravis, double | ◌̏ |
| hook | ◌̉ |
| Hatschek | ◌̌ |
| horn | ◌̛ |
| Comma below | ◌̦ |
| Coronis | ◌̓ |
| Kroužek, about it | ◌̊ |
| Kroužek, including | ◌̥ |
| Macron, about it | ◌̄ |
| Macron, underneath | ◌̱ |
| Ogonek | ◌̨ |
| Period about that | ◌̇ |
| Point below | ◌̣ |
| Dash | ◌̶ |
|
diacritical slash |
◌̷ |
| Alcohol asper | ◌̔ |
| Spiritus lenis | ◌̕ |
| Tilde, about it | ◌̃ |
| Tilde, underneath | ◌̰ |
| Trema, about it | ◌̈ |
| Trema, including | ◌̤ |
| circumflex | ◌̂ |
Ĭĭ Ŏŏ Ŭŭ
The breve ( lat. Brevis (-e) "short"), also called brevis or abbreviation , is a diacritical mark to identify a particular pronunciation or stress of a letter. There is an upwardly open arc (a wide u) above the letter. In contrast to the similar looking Hatschek , it is round, not pointed.
application
In Latin script it is u. a. used to spell Turkish , Romanian , Vietnamese and Esperanto , also e.g. B. in the Latin spelling of Belarusian ( Łacinka ), as well as in a Romanization system for Korean .
It is also found in various Cyrillic alphabets .
International Phonetic Alphabet
The abbreviation of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) indicates that the sound represented must be pronounced particularly briefly .
Its IPA number is 505, the Unicode Standard Number ( UCS ) is U + 0306.
Examples of the use of the abbreviation symbol (IPA) is the word:
engl. police [ pə̆ˈliˑs ]
Romanian
In Romanian it occurs above the a and denotes the pronunciation there as the middle central vowel [ə].
Turkish
In Turkish it occurs only above the G and marks the so-called soft G , which is almost not spoken between vowels (half-paced sound) and at the end of the word stretches the vowel in front of it.
Esperanto
In Esperanto it is only used above the U (Ŭ, ŭ) and indicates that this U does not form a syllable of its own , but should be pronounced as a half-vowel (like W in English water ; only sporadically, e.g. in Ŭato = Vato " [James] Watt ”) or belongs to a diphthong (aŭ, eŭ) (cf. emphasis on the U: A u ster ↔ Elite u ni).
Łacinka
In the Łacinka it is only found above the U (Ŭ, ŭ) and corresponds to the ў of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet. It is pronounced like the w in English. wood , or like the Polish ł.
Vietnamese
In Vietnamese, the A with breve (Ă, ă) is used as a different vowel from A and is spoken for short / a / . Since all vowels of this language can also be provided with one of the five tone symbols, there are also the symbols Ằằ, Ắắ, Ẳẳ, Ẵẵ and Ặặ.
Korean
In Korean words romanized according to McCune-Reischauer , ŭ stands for the written Hangeul vowel, regardless of its actual pronunciation. The letter ŏ stands for the sound value of the Hangeul vowel ㅓ. In contrast to ŭ, ŏ is only written if this pronunciation is actually available, i.e. when romanizing ㅓ (= ŏ) and ㅕ (= yŏ), but not when using the digraphs ㅔ (= e) and ㅖ (= ye). See also: McCune-Reischauer special characters .
German
On maps the part of the name -burg is sometimes used -b̆g. (with a breve placed in the middle over b and g ) to distinguish it from -berg (-bg.) .
In broken cursive scripts ( Kurrent , Sütterlin etc.) the u was provided with a breve, as the middle structure of u and n looked the same.
Cyrillic alphabet
In the Cyrillic alphabet of Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and other languages, the i with breve (Й, й) is used for the semi-vowel j, mostly in diphthongs (ай, ой etc.), rarely in other positions (Russian йога "Joga") .
It is also used in the Belarusian alphabet for the letters Ў, ў and in the Cyrillic Uzbek script (corresponds to the O 'o' used in the Uzbek language ).
Presentation on the computer
Character sets
The breve does not appear in the ASCII character set . In the character sets of the ISO 8859 family, selected characters appear with a breve, ISO 8859-2 contains Ăă.
Unicode contains further pre-composed characters with a breve and can represent any characters with a breve by adding a combined breve (U + 0306).
| character | Surname | Alt code | Unicode | Character number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ˘ | Breve | Alt + 0728 | 02D8 | & # 728; |
| ◌̆ | Combining Breve | Alt + 0774 | 0306 | & # 774; |
| Ă | Capital A with breve | Alt + 0258 | 0102 | & # 258; |
| ă | Small a with breve | Alt + 0259 | 0103 | & # 259; |
| Ắ | Capital A with breve and acute | Alt + 7854 | 1EAE | & # 7854; |
| ắ | Small a with breve and acute | Alt + 7855 | 1EAF | & # 7855; |
| Ằ | Capital A with breve and grave accent | Alt + 7856 | 1EB0 | & # 7856; |
| ằ | Small a with breve and grave accent | Alt + 7857 | 1EB1 | & # 7857; |
| Ẳ | Capital A with breve and hook above | Alt + 7858 | 1EB2 | & # 7858; |
| ẳ | Small a with breve and hook above | Alt + 7859 | 1EB3 | & # 7859; |
| Ẵ | Capital A with breve and tilde | Alt + 7860 | 1EB4 | & # 7860; |
| ẵ | Small a with breve and tilde | Alt + 7861 | 1EB5 | & # 7861; |
| Ặ | Capital A with breve and period below | Alt + 7862 | 1EB6 | & # 7862; |
| ặ | Small a with breve and full stop below | Alt + 7863 | 1EB7 | & # 7863; |
| Ĕ | Capital E with breve | Alt + 0276 | 0114 | & # 276; |
| ĕ | Small e with breve | Alt + 0277 | 0115 | & # 277; |
| G | Capital G with breve | Alt + 0286 | 011E | & # 286; |
| G | Small g with breve | Alt + 0287 | 011F | & # 287; |
| Ĭ | Big I with Breve | Alt + 0300 | 012C | & # 300; |
| ĭ | Small i with breve | Alt + 0301 | 012D | & # 301; |
| O | Capital O with breve | Alt + 0334 | 014E | & # 334; |
| O | Small o with breve | Alt + 0335 | 014F | & # 335; |
| Ŭ | Capital U with breve | Alt + 0364 | 016C | & # 364; |
| ŭ | Small u with breve | Alt + 0365 | 016D | & # 365; |
TeX and LaTeX
TeX and LaTeX can represent any characters with a breve. There are two different commands for this
- in text mode for typesetting creates
\u aa ă - in math mode for the formula set generates
\breve athe formula - for the letter ĭ one uses an i without an i-point, which is
\igenerated by. So\u{\i}in text mode writes , in math mode\breve {\i}.
input
With the German standard keyboard layout T2 , the character is entered as Alt Gr+ u. This combination acts as a dead key , i.e. H. must be entered before the basic letter.
With the help of the Compose key , a certificate can be obtained, for example under Linux , by combining a B with the desired letter. For example, compose + ( shift b) + results in aă.