53 stations of the Tōkaidō
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| 53 stations of the Tōkaidō |
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| Utagawa Hiroshige , around 1835 |
The 53 stations of Tōkaidō ( Japanese 東海 道 五十 三次 , Tōkaidō gojūsan tsugi ) is the title of many series of Japanese woodblock prints . The content of the series had the 53 rest stops on the highway from Edo (now Tokyo ) to Kyoto . Including the starting point Nihonbashi and the end point Sanjō Ōhashi, they mostly comprised 55 prints.
Overview
The first depictions of individual stations of the Tōkaidō can be found on scroll paintings from the 16th century. The first woodcut illustrations can be found in a travel guide from the middle of the 17th century. A complete sequence of images of the stations appeared for the first time in 1797 in a six-volume work Tōkaidō meisho zue ( 東海 道 名 所 図 絵 , dt. "Images of sights of the Tōkaidō"). More than 25 artists were involved in this work, it was printed in Kamigata ( Osaka ) and showed the stations in the order from Kyoto to Edo.
In 1798, Chōki created Gojūsan-Tsugi prints, which were used as game boards for the Sugoroku game. Shortly thereafter, Toyohiro published a series called Tōkaidō meisho , in which genre scenes dominate the representation of the stations for the first time. In 1801 Hokusai published the first of his various Tōkaidō series. In 1804 Kitagawa Utamaro used the "53 stations" as cartouche pictures in a series with depictions of beautiful women ( bijinga ). Katsushika Hokusai created seven smaller series on the subject between 1804 and 1825. All series put life and goings on at the individual stations in the foreground. Even before Hiroshige, the two Hokusai students designed the Hokuju and Hokkei Tōkaidō series.
Around 1832 Hiroshige began publishing his first Tōkaidō series, " The 53 Stations of Tōkaidō," known as Hoeidō Tōkaidō . Most of the prints in the series are inspired by illustrations of well-known travel guides such as the above-mentioned "Tōkaidō meisho zue" compiled by Akisato Ritō in 1797 and repeatedly reissued in the following years. The liveliness and authenticity of the depicted scenes made the series a mega hit by today's standards (up to 20,000 impressions were made for each station).
Even before Hiroshige had completely finished his series, Utagawa Kunisada designed a series in chuban format, which depicted beautiful women in the foreground and where he designed the background for four fifths of the prints according to the designs of his friend Hiroshige. Hiroshige created another 25 Tōkaidō series in his life, Kunisada also just under 20. One of these series was designed by both of them together and in another series, Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1798–1861) was the third artist to contribute designs. Kuniyoshi's first own Tōkaidō series was created in 1835 and he also designed other series in the following years. Series with Tōkaidō motifs are also known from Keisai Eisen , Yoshiharu and Yoshiiku .
In 1863, Tōkaidō meisho no uchi appeared, one of the most extensive series ever published in Japan during the Edo period . On a total of 162 sheets, designed by 16 artists and published by 24 publishers, it describes the first and only trip that a shogun has ever undertaken to the imperial palace in Kyoto and which also symbolizes the end of the Edo period .
1964 Appeared in book form under the title Tokaidō Munakata Hanga by Shikō Munakata, probably one of the last woodcut series on this subject.
The 53 stations
Start: Nihombashi (日本 橋) → Tokyo
- Station: Shinagawa ( 品 川 ) → Tokyo
- Station: Kawasaki ( 川 崎 )
- Station: Kanagawa ( 神奈川 ) → Yokohama
- Station: Hodogaya ( 程 ヶ 谷, 保 土 ヶ 谷 ) → Yokohama
- Station: Totsuka ( 戸 塚 ) → Yokohama
- Station: Fujisawa ( 藤 沢 )
- Station: Hiratsuka ( 平 塚 )
- Station: Ōiso ( 大 磯 )
- Station: Odawara ( 小田原 )
- Station: Hakone ( 箱根 )
- Station: Mishima ( 三島 )
- Station: Numazu ( 沼 津 )
- Station: Hara ( 原 ) → Numazu
- Station: Yoshiwara ( 吉 原 ) → Fuji (Shizuoka)
- Station: Kambara ( 蒲 原 ) → Shizuoka
- Station: Yui ( 由 井, 由 比 ) → Shizuoka
- Station: Okitsu ( 興 津 ) → Shizuoka
- Station: Ejiri ( 江 尻 → Shizuoka )
- Station: Fuchū ( 府中, 駿 府 ) → Shizuoka
- Station: Mariko ( 鞠 子, 丸子 ) → Shizuoka
- Station: Okabe ( 岡 部 ) → Fujieda
- Station: Fujieda ( 藤枝 )
- Station: Shimada ( 島 田 )
- Station: Kanaya ( 金屋, 金谷 ) → Shimada
- Station: Nissaka ( 日 坂 ) → Kakegawa
- Station: Kakegawa ( 掛 川 )
- Station: Fukuroi ( 袋 井 )
- Station: Mitsuke ( 見附 ) → Iwata
- Station: Hamamatsu ( 浜 松 )
- Station: Maisaka ( 舞 阪 ) → Hamamatsu
- Station: Arai ( 荒 井, 新居 ) → Kosai
- Station: Shirasuka ( 白 須 賀 ) → Kosai
- Station: Futagawa ( 二 川 ) → Toyohashi
- Station: Yoshida ( 吉田 ) → Toyohashi
- Station: Goyu ( 御 油 ) → Toyokawa
- Station: Akasaka ( 赤 坂 ) → Toyokawa
- Station: Fujikawa ( 藤 川 ) → Okazaki
- Station: Okazaki ( 岡 崎 )
- Station: Chiryū ( 地 鯉 鮒, 知 立 )
- Station: Narumi ( 鳴 海 ) → Nagoya
- Station: Miya ( 宮 ) → Nagoya
- Station: Kuwana ( 桑 名 )
- Station: Yokkaichi ( 四日 市 )
- Station: Ishiyakushi ( 石 薬 師 ) → Suzuka
- Station: Shōno ( 庄 野 ) → Suzuka
- Station: Kameyama ( 亀 山 )
- Seki station ( 関 ) → Kameyama
- Station: Sakanoshita ( 坂 ノ 下 ) → Kameyama
- Station: Tsuchiyama ( 土 山 ) → Kōka
- Station: Minakuchi ( 水口 ) → Kōka
- Station: Ishibe ( 石 部 ) → Konan
- Station: Kusatsu ( 草津 )
- Station: Ōtsu ( 大 津 )
Destination: Sanjō Ōhashi ( 三条 大橋 ) → Kyōshi ( 京 市 )
Remarks
- ↑ Hanga in Munakata style 板 画 = “board pressure” written.
literature
- Friedrich B. Schwan: Handbook of Japanese woodcut. Munich, 2003, ISBN 3-89129-749-1
- Richard Lane: Hokusai. Life and work. Dutton-Verlag 1989, ISBN 0-525-24455-7
