Adolphe Jung

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bookplate Adolphe Jungs, by Henri Bacher

Adolphe Michel Jung (born December 17, 1902 in Schiltigheim , † July 1, 1992 in Strasbourg ) was a French physician , surgeon and university professor .

Life

education and profession

Adolphe Jung grew up as the son of an Alsatian department store owner in Schiltigheim. In 1918 he obtained the German Abitur in Strasbourg , and a few months later the French university entrance qualification . He then studied medicine at the Universities of Strasbourg and Paris between 1921 and 1927 . He was a student and one of the closest collaborators of René Leriches , who was chief of clinical surgery at the University of Strasbourg between 1924 and 1932 and between 1934 and 1940 . Jung received his doctorate from Leriche in 1928. Before the Second World War , Jung received a scholarship from the Caisse Nationale des Sciences , which allowed him to do research in the USA for a longer period of time. He worked here under the surgeon Evarts Ambrose Graham (1883–1957) at Washington University in St. Louis , Missouri , Alfred Washington Adson (1887–1951) at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester , Minnesota and Charles Harisson Frazier (1870–1936) at the University of Pennsylvania , also under Michael Ellis De Bakey (1906-2006), with whom he became a close friend, at the Charity Hospital in New Orleans , Louisiana . After his return in 1939, a few days before the outbreak of World War II, he was appointed associate professor at the University of Strasbourg.

Occupation and German compulsory obligation

Jung experienced the western campaign as a medical officer in the French army . He received the Croix de Guerre for his work in French hospitals . After the Armistice of Compiègne in 1940, Jung worked as a doctor and university lecturer in the Strasbourg university clinic. He viewed the annexation of Alsace on August 16, 1940 with concern, did not want to be integrated into the German Reich University in Strasbourg, which was established on November 23, and refused to respond to the occupiers' demands to confess to Germanism and to join the NSDAP , Obey. He resigned from all offices at the university. Jung was viewed by the Nazis as an ethnic German . As he was considered rebellious and because the German Reich needed doctors and surgeons to replace the doctors who had been sent to the front, Jung received an emergency service on March 6, 1942 by order of the police . He was initially employed as a country doctor in the Swabian town of Pfullendorf , later in the municipal hospital in Überlingen on Lake Constance . His wife and two sons were held hostage in Alsace to break Jung's resistance. After he had described his predicament to the chief surgeon of surgery at the Charité Ferdinand Sauerbruch and asked him to help, he brought him to Berlin in October 1942 as his private assistant. He was employed as a senior physician who mainly treated Sauerbruch's private patients.

Fritz Kolbe , an employee of the Foreign Office and friend (and later husband) of Sauerbruch's secretary Maria Fritsch , contacted him probably at the end of 1942 . Kolbe, who wanted to test Jung whether he was ready to offer resistance, informed Jung that Otto Abetz , the German ambassador in occupied France , had the immediate arrest of Pierre-Marie Gerlier , Archbishop of Lyon , Primate of France and Cardinal, plans. Although he was suspicious, Jung informed his brother Robert in Strasbourg as well as French authorities. As a result, Jung and Kolbe set up a spy machine at the Charité. They collected, arranged and copied secret imperial things that Kolbe stole from the Foreign Ministry and then smuggled into Switzerland via courier to the later CIA founder Allen Welsh Dulles . For his part, Jung also used joint business trips with Sauerbruch to deliver stolen documents to the French Resistance .

Jung kept a secret diary that was discovered by the family in 2000, eight years after his death. His daughter-in-law Marie-Christine Jung transcribed it and named it Un Chirurgien dans La Tourmente (A surgeon in the storm). Above all, Jung described his boss Ferdinand Sauerbruch meticulously here. He characterized him as a man who thought patriotically and nationally, but was anti-Nazi and detested anti- Semitism . In Sauerbruch's private villa, where Jung was a frequent guest, he got to know opponents of the regime. Jung also testified that, despite the constant risk of being discovered, Sauerbruch treated Jews in his clinic until 1945, hid them and at least in one case helped them to escape from the Gestapo .

Further career

After the fall of Berlin, Jung returned to Strasbourg and was able to work again as a professor at the University of Strasbourg. In 1947 Jung gave many lectures in the United States, including in Washington, DC , Los Angeles , San Francisco and Cleveland . From 1954 to 1957 he worked as director of the surgical university clinic at the Saarland University in Homburg and as the last French prorector. In 1958 he succeeded Edmond Allenbach, who left in 1954, as director of the Hôpital Stéphanie in Strasbourg. He held the chair in surgical pathology . When he took office, the Hôpital Stéphanie became part of the Center hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Strasbourg . He held the office for 16 years, until 1974. From 1969 he founded and directed the Surgical Pathology Laboratory at the University of Strasbourg. He published a large number of national and international articles, including on sympathetic systems surgery and on the pathology of the vertebral artery , and developed a surgical procedure that was named after him: A. Jung's uncusectomy .

Jung was awarded the Order of Merit of the French Legion of Honor and the Ordre des Palmes académiques , one of the highest honors for merits in the French education system.

diary

His diary entries from his Berlin years have been evaluated for several years with the help of his son Frank Jung and his wife Marie-Christine Jung. Significant parts of it were published in 2019 by the historian Christian Hardinghaus , who was entrusted with the diary by Jung's son, in his biography Ferdinand Sauerbruch and the Charité . Lucas Delattre and the screenwriters Sabine Thor-Wiedemann and Dorothee Schön from the Charité television series , in the second season of which Jung plays a prominent role , also received an insight into it .

literature

  • Louis F. Hollender, Emmanuelle During-Hollender: Notes on the history of surgery in Strasbourg (part 3): The Strasbourg surgery from 1919 to 1939, in: Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 2001, 126 (9), pp. 735-741
  • Lucas Delattre: A Spy in the Heart of the Third Reich, 2007 (German: Fritz Kolbe - The most important spy of the Second World War, 2004)
  • Wolfgang Müller: Le Professeur Adolphe Michel Jung (1902–1992): la vie mouvementée d'un chirurgien strasbourgeois, in: Annuaire de la Société des Amis du Vieux Strasbourg 35 (2010), pp. 137–147
  • Ivan Kempf, Pierre Kehr, Claude Karger, Jean-Michel Clavert, Histoire de l'orthopédie pédiatrique à Strasbourg, in: La Gazette de la Société Française d'Orthopédie Pédiatrique, No. 26, Février-Mars 2009, pp. 3–8 ( online, there on page 5 a photo by Adolphe Jungs )
  • Wolfgang Müller: Saarland University as a bridge between France and Germany, in: Mechtild Gilzmer, Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, Christoph Vatter: 50 Years of the Elysée Treaty (1963-2013), p. 235ff
  • Christian Hardinghaus: Ferdinand Sauerbruch and the Charité. Operations against Hitler, Berlin / Munich / Zurich / Vienna 2019.
  • Susanne Michl, Thomas Beddies, Christian Bonah (eds.): Forced displacement. From Alsace to the Berlin Charité. The recording of the Berlin surgeon Adolphe Jung, 1940-1945. Schwalbe Verlag 2019.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Jung, Adolphe (1902–1992) , IdRef, accessed on March 1, 2019.
  2. ^ François Joseph Fuchs: YOUNG Adolphe Michel. In: Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne . Vol. 45 (2006), p. 4717.
  3. ↑ Jung wrote the obituary for Leriche in the journal Surgery, Volume 39, Issue 6 (June 1956), pp. 1048/49
  4. ↑ L'influence des opérations sympathiques sur l'évolution des plaies expérimentales en rapport avec les modifications du pH ( Sudoc )
  5. ^ A. Jung - in: Nouveau Dictionnaire de Biographie Alsacienne. Édition de la Fédération des sociétés d'histoire et d'archéologie d'Alsace - Strasbourg 2006 - Article de FJ FUCHS - N ° 45 - p. 4717-4719
  6. ↑ Hardinghaus, p. 137.
  7. ↑ Hardinghaus, p. 137.
  8. ↑ Hardinghaus, p. 138.
  9. ↑ Delattre, pp. 70 f., P. 255.
  10. ↑ Delattre, pp. 70 f.
  11. ↑ Delattre, p. 70.
  12. ^ Robert Jung ran a large business in Strasbourg; after the war he was criticized for having business relationships with the occupiers. (Delattre, p. 70, p. 255)
  13. ↑ Hardinghaus, p. 150 ff.
  14. ↑ Hardinghaus, pp. 139 ff.
  15. ↑ Hollender; Müller (2013), p. 246.
  16. ↑ Kempf ea
  17. ↑ Jung, A., Kehr, P., Lang, G., Jung F. - Uncussectomy and uncoforaminectomy according to Jung - Lagenbeck Arch. Chir., 341 - 11 - 125 - 1976 - Springer Verlag.
  18. ^ Nouveau Dictionnaire de Biographie Alsacienne
  19. ↑ Müller (2013), p. 247
personal data
SURNAME Jung, Adolphe
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jung, Adolphe Michel (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Alsatian doctor and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Schiltigheim , Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
DATE OF DEATH July 1, 1992
Place of death Strasbourg