Office Bevergern

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The Office Bevergern belonged starting from 1400 together with the pledge possession of Ahaus to the diocese, former Bishopric of Münster .

It consisted of Dreierwalde, Hopsten, Bevergern, Riesenbeck, Saerbeck, Hembergen and other communities. Part of the Bevergern office also included parts of Rheine and was named as a whole as the Rheine Bevergern office. The Rheine-Bevergern Office was responsible for the jurisdiction in the north of the Principality of Münster . It was composed of the three princely Münster Gogerichten Emsbüren , Bevergern and Rheine as well as the freedom Emsbüren and the city court Rheine. The three Gogerichte were viewed as separate dishes until 1578. The Drosten came from the von Twickel family since 1635 .

history

After Count Otto von Ravensberg died in 1244 without a male heir, his daughter and heiress Jutta sold her estates in the Emsland and around Vechta in 1252 to the Bishop of Münster, Otto II von Lippe . This so-called "Osnabrücker Nordland" became the basis of the later Niederstift. In 1400, Bishop Otto von Munster, in league with Bishop Dietrich von Osnabrück, defeated Count Nikolaus from Tecklenburg and conquered his fortresses of Cloppenburg and Friesoythe . This essentially gave the Niederstift the same extent as it had until the end of the Old Kingdom. Since the County of Tecklenburg also had to cede the town and office of Bevergern to Munster, the Diocese of Munster also gained a narrow land bridge near Rheine, between the County of Bentheim in the west and the Lower County of the County of Lingen in the east. This corridor connected the two halves of the diocese with each other: the upper pen in the south and the lower pen in the north.

As early as the 13th century - due to the greater distance to the bishopric - earlier than in the upper monastery, Drosten had been appointed for better administration and thus the foundations of an official constitution were laid. After the gain in 1400, the Niederstift was permanently divided into three offices: Meppen, Cloppenburg and Vechta. A peculiarity of the Niederstift was that politically it belonged to the Hochstift Münster , but ecclesiastically to the Diocese of Osnabrück until 1668 .

At the time of the Reformation under Bishop Franz von Waldeck, the offices of Cloppenburg and Vechta were shaped by Lutherans for around 70 years from 1543 to 1613. At that time, the Protestant reformer Hermann Bonnus worked in this region . In the course of the Counter Reformation under Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria , the region was re-Catholicized.

The Rheine-Bevergern Office was responsible for the jurisdiction in the north of the Principality of Münster . It was composed of the three princely Münster Gogerichten Emsbüren , Bevergern and Rheine as well as the freedom Emsbüren and the city court Rheine. The three Gogerichte were viewed as separate dishes until 1578. The Drosten came from the von Twickel family since 1635 .

Since 1635 the Twickel were hereditary corpses of the merged offices of Rheine and Bevergern. Johann Beyern von Twickel conquered Bevergern Castle in 1652 and drove the crew out of Holland. Baron Clemens August von Twickel was the Prince-Bishop of Munster, Chief Kitchen Master, and secret councilor and Drost of the Rheine and Bevergern offices.

Until the end of its existence the Niederstift remained only sparsely populated. In 1795 only 67,041 inhabitants were counted; with an area of ​​around 4200 km² there were only 16 inhabitants per km².

The ecclesiastical principalities were dissolved by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss on February 25, 1803 in Regensburg . Their territories were compensated to the German princes who had lost their possessions on the left bank of the Rhine to the French Empire due to the Peace Treaty of Lunéville . The Niederstift Munster fell mainly to the Duke of House Arenberg ( Meppen office as part of the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen ) and the Duchy of Oldenburg (offices of Cloppenburg and Vechta ).

After the conquest of the western Rhineland and parts of the Kingdom of Prussia by France, the offices were dissolved and the Rheine and Bevergern went over to the Ems department.

The Ems department was a department in the Grand Duchy of Berg on the right bank of the Rhine, which existed from 1806 to 1813 . First prefect was Graf Spee and from May 1, 1809 to Karl Josef von Mylius (prefect ad interim). On January 1, 1811, the Ems department, which now belonged to France, was renamed Département de l'Ems-Supérieur , with three of its southernmost cantons being separated and assigned to the Ruhr department .

It was formed from the northern part of the Principality of Münster , from the counties of Bentheim (with the glory of the location), Horstmar , Steinfurt , Rheina-Wolbeck , Tecklenburg and Lingen .

The Ems department included from the date of its establishment, the three arrondissements Muenster , Coesfeld and Lingen .

Clemens Wenzel Freiherr von Oer zu Nottbeck became sub-prefect .

Re-establishment of the offices

The Prussian rural community order for the province of Westphalia from 1841 replaced the cantons introduced during the French era (1806 to 1813) with offices with effect from 1843 . The southern part of the district of Lingen (cantons Bevergern and Ibbenbüren) - initially became part of the Prussian civil government between the Weser and Rhine and later part of the province of Westphalia . The part of Mecklenburg formed the northeast part of the administrative district of Münster ( Tecklenburg district ). Then the Bevergern office went to the Techlenburg district and the Rheine office was incorporated into the Steinfurt Castle district, later the Steinfurt district.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Text of the certificate in Latin wording in: Carl Heinrich Nieberding: History of the former Niederstift Münster and the neighboring counties of Diepholz, Wildeshausen. A contribution to the history and constitution of Westphalia , vol. 1. CH Fauvel, Vechta 1840, pp. XV – XIX (certificate no. 8).
  2. ↑ Klaus Scholz: The late Middle Ages . In: Wilhelm Kohl (Hrsg.): Westfälische Geschichte , Vol. 1: From the beginnings to the end of the old empire . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1983, ISBN 3-590-34211-0 , pp. 403-468, here p. 433.
  3. ↑ Klaus Scholz: The late Middle Ages . In: Westfälische Geschichte , Vol. 1, pp. 403–468, here p. 434.
  4. ↑ Hubert Old Meyer: The emergence of the official Constitution pins Munster, particularly in the low-pin . Warendorf 1926.
  5. ^ Carl Heinrich Nieberding: History of the former Niederstift Münster and the neighboring counties of Diepholz, Wildeshausen. A contribution to the history and constitution of Westphalia , vol. 3. CH Fauvel, Vechta 1852, p. 223.
  6. ^ Hermann Stieglitz (arrangement): Handbook of the Diocese of Osnabrück. Dombücherstube, Osnabrück, 2nd, completely reworked. 1991 edition, ISBN 3-925164-10-3 , p. 39.
  7. ^ Alwin Hanschmidt: The 18th century. In: Wilhelm Kohl (Hrsg.): Westfälische Geschichte , Vol. 1: From the beginnings to the end of the old empire . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1983, pp. 605-685, here p. 650.
  8. ^ Stephanie Reekers: Contributions to the statistical representation of the commercial economy of Westphalia around 1800 . Part 1: Paderborn and Münster . In: Westphalian research. Journal of the Westphalian Institute for Regional History of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe , vol. 17 (1964), pp. 83–176.
  9. ^ Alwin Hanschmidt: 600 years of Niederstift Münster - 1400 to 2000 . In: Yearbook for the Oldenburger Münsterland , vol. 50 (2001), p. 8.
  10. ↑ Rural community regulations for the province of Westphalia 1841 (PDF file; 1.6 MB)