Fulda Mark

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The Fuldische Mark was a historical territory and an office in the Landgraviate and, most recently, the Grand Duchy of Hesse , which was also known as the Amt Bingenheim .

function

In the Middle Ages and early modern times , offices were a level between the municipalities and the sovereign rulership . The functions of administration and jurisdiction were not separated here. The office was headed by a bailiff who was appointed by the rulers.

history

Daniel Meisner / Eberhard Kieser : Bingenheim Castle around 1630.

High Middle Ages

The castle Bingenheim along with about 187 associated goods came in 817 donated by Emperor Louis the Pious or in exchange for other goods to the monastery of Fulda .

The Fulda Mark was built around this castle in the following centuries , with Bingenheim Castle remaining in the possession of the Fulda Monastery and the bailiwick being given to secular lords as a fief . The main task of the bailiffs was the exercise of regional jurisdiction on behalf of the Fulda abbots, for which they could claim half of the lands for themselves.

At first these were probably the Counts of Nürings . Volkold I von Malsburg (* around 1040, † 1097) is notarized around the middle of the 11th century . From that point on, he was the governor of Bingenheim and became the founder of the Count's House of Nidda and the county of Nidda . The sex died out in the male line in 1206 .

Late Middle Ages

In the following years Burgmannen were used to administer the Fulda Mark. Part of the fiefdom was owned by the von Munzenberg lords . With their extinction, the property came to the Falkensteiner in 1255 and to the County of Ziegenhain in 1311 . In 1450 this came to the Landgraves of Hesse by inheritance .

The shares of the Fulda monastery initially remained in its possession. In 1357, Prince Abbot Henry VII received permission from Emperor Charles IV to raise the town in front of the castle, to wall it up and to hold markets, but this right was never exercised.

In 1423, the monastic shares in the Fulda Mark - Bingenheim, Reichelsheim, Echzell, Dauernheim, Blofeld and Leidhecken - were sold to Philipp von Nassau for 26,500 guilders .

Early modern age

In 1570 the brothers Albrecht and Philip IV of Nassau-Weilburg sold their part of the Fulda Mark for 121,000 guilders to Landgrave Ludwig IV of Hesse-Marburg with the permission of the Fulda abbot Balthasar . These were Bingenheim Castle and House, Echzell, Berstadt, Dauernheim , Blofeld , Leidhecken and Gettenau . The exception was Reichelsheim , which remained as a Fulda fief at Nassau-Weilburg-Saarbrücken. In 1572 Landgrave Ludwig also received the feudal mortgage over half of Echzell. Since the Niddaean portion of the Fulda Mark had already fallen to Hesse with the County of Nidda in 1450, Hessen-Marburg now owned the entire Fulda Mark, with the exception of Reichelsheim.

With the childless death of Ludwig IV and the subsequent division of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Marburg in 1604, the Fulda Mark fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . There followed decades of dispute over the inheritance with the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel , which could only be settled in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The office of Bingenheim finally came to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt, which then became the Grand Duchy of Hessen in 1806.

Modern times

In the Grand Duchy the office was in the province of Upper Hesse . From 1820 there were administrative reforms in the Grand Duchy. In 1821 the judiciary and administration were also separated at the lower level and all offices were dissolved. District districts were created for the administrative tasks previously performed in the offices, and district courts for the first instance jurisdiction . The administrative tasks of the former office of Bingenheim were transferred to the district of Nidda and the jurisdiction to the district court of Nidda .

Components

In the course of the centuries, Bellmuth , Burkhards , Effolderbach , Michelbach , Ulfa and Wingershausen as well as some places that can only be traced as desert today (for example Nübel ) were recorded as belonging to the Fulda Mark, as well as the Heuchelheim possessions , which also belong to the Fulda monastery , Leidhecken and Schwickartshausen .

At the end of the Old Kingdom , the following places belonged to the Bingenheim office :

The administrative center was Bingenheim, a crossing point of medieval highways (→ Altstraße ) .

The area, which included the office of Bingenheim , was on the boundaries of today's communities Echzell , Florstadt , Nidda , Ranstadt , Reichelsheim and Wölfersheim .

Law

In Office Bingenheim which applied Common Law . It retained its validity throughout the 19th century and was only replaced on January 1, 1900 by the civil code that was uniformly applicable throughout the German Empire .

literature

in order of appearance

  • Ludwig Ewald : Contributions to regional studies . In: Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1862.
  • Hermann Knaus: The Fulda Mark in the Wetterau . In: Friedberger Geschichtsblätter , Vol. 12 (1937), pp. 37–41.
  • Karl Ernst Demandt : History of the State of Hesse . Kassel, Stauder 1980 (reprint from 1972). ISBN 3-7982-0400-4 , p. 336 ff.
  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 3. Edition. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 , p. 348f.
  • Ulrich Hussong : The Fulda mark in the Wetterau. In: Ottfried Dascher (Ed.): Nidda. The history of a city and its surroundings. Verlag Heimatmuseum Nidda, Nidda 2nd ed. 2003, pp. 9–21.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ehwald, p. 53.
  2. ^ Daniel Meisner / Eberhard Kieser: Thesaurus Philopoliticus or Politisches Schatzkästlein vol. 2 , facsimile reprint of the Frankfurt / Main edition, 1625–1626 and 1627–1631, Nördlingen 1992, book 5, no. 7.
  3. ^ Johann Ernst Christian Schmidt: History of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Second volume. Georg Friedrich Heyer Publishing House, Gießen, 1819 (pp. 112–113)
  4. ^ Johann Ernst Christian Schmidt: History of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , Volume Two , Verlag Georg Friedrich Heyer, Gießen, 1819, pp. 112-113
  5. ↑ Ehwald, p. 53.
  6. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 33 of July 20, 1821, pp. 403ff.
  7. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 33 of July 20, 1821, p. 411.
  8. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 33 of July 20, 1821, p. 412.
  9. ^ Helfrich Gerhard Wenck: Hessische Landesgeschichte. Second volume. With a document book. Frankfurt and Leipzig: Varrentrapp and Wenner 1789, p. 502.
  10. ↑ Ehwald, p. 53.
  11. ^ Hussong, p. 9.
  12. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 111.