Appat (Ilulissat)

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Appat ( guillemot )
Ritenbenk Agpat
Appat (1881)
Appat (1881)
Commune Avannaata Communia
District Ilulissat
Geographical location 69 ° 45 ′ 41 ″  N , 51 ° 18 ′ 5 ″  W Coordinates: 69 ° 45 ′ 41 ″  N , 51 ° 18 ′ 5 ″  W
Appat (Greenland)
Appat
Residents 0
(1959)
founding 1755/1781
Time zone UTC-3

Appat [ ˈapːatˢʰ ] (after the old spelling Agpat ; Danish Ritenbenk ) is a deserted Greenlandic settlement in the Ilulissat district in the Avannaata Kommunia .

location

Appat is located on the southern tip of an island of the same name , which is the middle of three smaller islands west of Alluttoq (Arveprinsens Ejland). Appat is located 26 km south of Qeqertaq and 61 km north of Ilulissat .

history

Foundation phase

From the reports of Lourens Feykes Haan shows that Appat been inhabited since the early 18th century, before the colonial period. He wrote of "two wild man houses". People were also found there in 1776.

In the summer of 1781, the Ritenbenk lodge was moved from Saqqaq to Appat, although the place was initially only a lodge due to the lack of a merchant. In the first few years they were also called colonies Svarte Vogel Bay , after a historical name of the coastal strip in the north-west of Alluttoq.

In the first few years the population suffered from scurvy and in the winter of 1784 five colonists died. The following autumn another five men were killed in a boat sink. Nevertheless, the lodge was economically successful. In 1783 a large bacon house was built. In 1787 the lodge was described as one of the most important places in North Greenland. At that time a boatman, a cooper, a carpenter, a cook and three workers were employed.

Ritenbenk as a colony

In 1790 Ritenbenk became a colony again. At that time there was a multi-storey house, a half-timbered bacon house, a provision house and a brewery, both of which had been built as peat wall houses. In the following years there were several other boat accidents and some Greenlanders moved away from the colonial district because of the poor situation, but the situation began to improve before 1800. There was yarn fishing and trading, and there were many profitable places to live in the colonial district. In 1793 60 people lived in three houses in Appat. In 1795 the nearby facility was transferred to the colony. In 1799, the Alluttoq colony was placed under Ritenbenk. In 1803 Ritenbenk and Alluttoq were inhabited together with the Greenland population by a trade assistant, a whaling assistant, a sub-assistant, a bacon cutter, a foreman, three boatmen, two carpenters, two coopers, a cook, a blacksmith and seven sailors. In 1805 only 39 people lived in Appat.

During the war years from 1807 to 1814, the colony initially did quite well, but later housing was given up, whaling restricted and trade came to a standstill. With the influx of places to live, the number of inhabitants had risen to 60 again by 1816. In 1821 a school chapel was built. In 1841 a new building was pulled in from Denmark. Due to the decline in whaling, the colony never regained its pre-war prosperity and in 1850 Ritenbenk was the second most unproductive colony district in Greenland after Godhavn .

20th century

In 1915 Appat had 130 inhabitants, including a Dane. There were 17 hunters, one fisherman and ten public employees. The population lived in 22 Greenlandic houses. The apartment of the colonial administrator was a multi-storey building from 1858 with a slate roof. A provisions store with a shop was directly attached, and the two buildings together were 24 m long. There was a cooperage built in 1914, a brewery and bakery built in 1869, a coal house from 1903, a powder house from 1870, a petroleum house from 1916, a oil distillery from 1869 and a bacon house from 1885. One building was erected in 1869 as a multi-storey building with a slate roof to serve as an apartment for the commercial assistant, but then converted into a pastor's apartment. Attached to the bedroom was a carpentry that often hosted dance parties, presumably to the distress of the pastor. There was a school that was built in 1902 as a half-timbered building with a peat wall facade and the materials of which came from an old chapel. The church from 1880/81 was a half-timbered building with board cladding and roof shingles. It originally had a small church tower with a clock, but it was removed. The harmonium in the church was a gift from Bishop Peder Madsen and the altarpiece was the work and donation of Miss Roed from Copenhagen .

From 1911 on, Ritenbenk was also the seat of its own municipality as a colony without an associated place to live. It was in the 6th district of North Greenland and had a municipal council with three members. The place belonged to the parish of Ilulissat for a long time, but was later occupied by a district pastor who headed its own parish from 1917. Ritenbenk was part of the Jakobshavn medical district.

In 1930 Appat only had 89 inhabitants. In the 1930s a material store and a fish house were built, but the fishery was never really successful: in 1952, the 15 fishermen together caught just 10,488 kg of cod. In 1940/41 the population had increased again to 140 people. On December 18, 1941 it was announced that Ritenbenk would lose its colony status from April 1, 1942 and the entire colony district would be incorporated into Jakobshavn . From then on, Appat was just an Udsted . In 1950 Appat only had 76 inhabitants. In the same year, the place was integrated into the new municipality of Ilulissat , while the greater part of the former colonial district in the municipality of Vaigat . In 1955 the place even lost its Udsted status and was downgraded to a residential area. Only three years later the place was completely abandoned. This makes Appat the only former colony in Greenland that is no longer inhabited. Today the place is used as a school camp.

List of colonial employees until 1921

Colonial administrator

The following colonial administrators were familiar with the administration of the Ritenbenk colony until 1921.

  • 1757–1770: Carl Christopher Dalager
  • 1770–1774: Peter Lorentz Hind
  • 1774–1782: Jens Andersen Geraae
  • 1782-1784: Adam Christian Thorning
  • 1784–1790: Nikolaj Christian Leigh
  • 1790–1799: Niels Larsen Lunde
  • 1799–1801: Peter Hanning Motzfeldt
  • 1801–1803: Edvard Christie Heiberg
  • 1803–1808: Christian Frederik Rousing
  • 1808–1811: Johan Ritter
  • 1811–1813: Hans Mossin Fleischer
  • 1813-1824: Nicolai Julius Rasmussen
  • 1824–1825: Johan Peter Petersen
  • 1825–1831: Christian Ferdinand Plum
  • 1831–1852: Jens August Mørch
  • 1852-1856: Rasmus Møldrup
  • 1856–1858: J. Georg Kursch
  • 1858–1862: Eduard Gaspar Boye
  • 1862–1870: Christian Engelbrecht Andersen
  • 1870–1874: Albert Emil Blichfeldt Høyer
  • 1874–1875: Edgar Christian Fencker
  • 1875–1878: Niss Lauritz Elberg
  • 1878–1879: Peter Anton Marius Elberg
  • 1879–1881: Johannes Herman Mads Mørch
  • 1881–1885: Hjalmar Christian Reinholdt Knuthsen
  • 1885–1890: Otto Alexander Juncker
  • 1890-1892: Edgar Christian Fencker
  • 1892–1899: Carl Frederik Myhre
  • 1899-1901: Ole Bendixen
  • 1901–1902: Anders Peter Olsen
  • 1902–1903: Johannes Otto Frederik Mathiesen
  • 1903–1905: Johan Christian Evensen
  • 1905-1906: HT Petersen
  • 1906–1907: Johan Christian Evensen
  • 1907–1912: Johannes Otto Frederik Mathiesen
  • 1912–1914: Axel Kristian Marius Vinterberg
  • 1914–1916: Einar Andersen
  • 1916–1917: Aage Carlhegger Erik Østerberg Bistrup
  • 1917–1918: Einar Andersen
  • 1918-1919: Olav Even Olsen
  • 1919–1920: Otto Rudolph Binzer
  • from 1920: 00.Aage Henby Kristian Knudsen

Missionaries and pastors

For a long time the Ritenbenk colony was headed by the missionary of the Jakobshavn colony . From 1906 the colony received a pastor below the one in Ilulissat. It was not until 1915 that the colony became an independent parish.

  • 1759–1760: Christen Hansen Fabricius
  • 1906–1908: Rasmus Jørgen Nielsen
  • 1908–1909: Harald Emanuel Mortensen
  • 1909: -0000Hans Andreas Jakob Theofilus Hansen
  • 1911–1914: Christian Hans Rossen
  • from 1915: Michael Mathias Johannes Storch00.

Sons and daughters

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Map with all official place names confirmed by Oqaasileriffik , provided by Asiaq
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Hother Ostermann : Beskrivelse af Distrikterne i Nordgrønland: Ritenbenk district. De enkelte Bopladser i Ritenbenk district. Colonies of Ritenbenk . In: Georg Carl Amdrup , Louis Bobé , Adolf Severin Jensen , Hans Peder Steensby (eds.): Grønland i tohundredeaaret for Hans Egedes landing (=  Meddelelser om Grønland . Volume 60-61 ). tape 1 . C. A. Reitzel Boghandel, Copenhagen 1921, p. 251 ff . ( Digitized in the Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ a b Jens Christian Madsen: Udsteder and bopladser i Grønland 1901–2000 . Atuagkat, 2009, ISBN 978-87-90133-76-4 , pp. 140 f .
  4. ↑ Ritenbenk in Den Store Danske
  5. ^ A b Hother Ostermann : Beskrivelse af Distrikterne i Nordgrønland: Ritenbenk District. History . In: Georg Carl Amdrup , Louis Bobé , Adolf Severin Jensen , Hans Peder Steensby (eds.): Grønland i tohundredeaaret for Hans Egedes landing (=  Meddelelser om Grønland . Volume 60-61 ). tape 1 . C. A. Reitzel Boghandel, Copenhagen 1921, p. 250 ( digitized version in the Internet Archive ).