Augau

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Augau
Historical center Corvey
location North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony , Germany
Gau on the Weser
Augau (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Augau
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The Augau (pagus Auga, pagus Augensis, pagus Auguensis, Auganagavvi, Ahagewe) was in the Middle Ages, a Saxon district on the eastern edge of the Saxon province Engern left and right of Oberweser between the mouth of the Diemel and Bevern - forestry . Corvey and Höxter were in this Gau.

Geographical location

Approximate location of the medieval district in East Westphalia-Lippe, red: Westphalian district, black: originally engraved district, blue: East Westphalian district.
Pagus Auga in the map "TABULA ANGARIAE IN DIOECESI PATERBORNENSI " by Christian Ulrich Grupen , 1740
The clearly delimited medieval districts of the Duchy of Saxony around 1000 from Gustav Droysen's general historical hand atlas from 1886.

At different times the delimitation of the medieval districts was given differently, at times even attempts were made to work out fixed boundaries. Today, the approximate location is given, since places belonging to a Gau are only rarely and selectively emerged from the sources .

The Augau extended east of the Weser to about the middle of the Solling , that is to about the area of ​​the Hethis monastery , which presumably existed there briefly at today's Neuhaus. Other places were founded in the Solling, which were later abandoned and turned into desolation . These settlements were mainly on the edge of the mountains. One of them was Sulbeke, which was temporarily owned by the Counts of Dassel , then belonged to the Counts of Everstein and then to the Lords of Luthardessen .

The places in this Gau are Hucxori ( Höxter ), Corbeia ( Corvey ), Wiriesi ( Würgassen ), Heinhusen ( Heinsen ), Winiden (Wenden, wüst bei Heinsen), Windelmuderode (Wilmerode, wüst bei Heinsen), Rudberendung (wüst bei Heinsen) , Aldendorp (near Holzminden or Stadtoldendorf ), Sunderessen (unknown), Nisa ( Niese ) and Hameressen ( Hummersen ).

Based on the assumption that the boundaries of the archdeaconates corresponded to the boundaries of the districts, attempts were made to make precise delimitations. Therefore z. B. the Forstbach near Bevern district of Forst, which was spelled Uarstan, as the northern border of the Augaus.

The forgery register Sacharo of 1752 , named after the 20th Abbot of Corvey, Sacharo von Rosdorf (1055 / 56-1071), listed the following places as belonging to the Augau: Alberteshus, Althona, Aldanthorpe, Biveran, Bodikeshus, Boffeshus, Bathedi, Boffesburiun , Cotun, Duncgon (Dunge, Dungun), Divernthal, Fersthan, Haslbechi, Higenhus, Hamereshus, Holtesmeni, Haversvordi, Haculesthorpe, Hucxori, Ikonrode, Luttringi, Meyngoteshusun, Ovenhus, Rothe, Stalo, Stotinghus, Sulberhearke Ungrotun, Waritbeke, Withem and Wergesi. Although this was recognized as a forgery as early as 1861, some of the limits established after it have been handed down to this day.

The Gau bordered in the south on Leinegau and Hessengau , in the west on Nethegau and Wetigau , in the north on the Tilithigau , in the east on the Wikanafeld of the East Westphalian Gudingau as well as the Suilbergau and the Moringa, which already belonged to the Leinegau .

Natural structure

According to the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , the Augau is in the main unit group D36 Weser- and Weser-Leine-Bergland (Lower Saxony highland) , to which the old main unit groups 36 Upper Weserbergland and 37 Weser-Leine-Bergland , in which the Augau participates, and 53 Lower Weser Uplands were combined. Here are to be mentioned:

The most important body of water is the Weser with its tributaries.

history

Charlemagne spent the winter from 797 to 798 in a camp on a Weserfurt in the south of the Augau. After the important palatinate town of Heristal in Francia , he named it Heristal Saxonicum, in today's language Manufacture .

In 822 the Corvey Monastery , built in an unsuitable location in Hethis in Solling, was relocated to villa Hucsori , today's Höxter , in the Augau.

It is controversial whether the Franconian county constitution was consistently introduced in Saxony, conquered by Charlemagne, with the area according to demarcated county districts, or until when it existed there and whether the counties corresponded to the scenic crooks. What is certain is that the counties were interspersed with immunity , palatinate , forest and allodial districts as well as brands in which the violence of the counts did not apply. Individual groups of people were also excluded.

So the monastery Corvey 832 received by Emperor Louis the Pious the immunity conferred and in the year 940 by Otto the Great the castle spell on the people from Augau, Nethegau and Wetigau, "which in the monastery built civitas protection sought."

The diocese of Paderborn, which already owned Herstelle , was given county rights in Padergau , Aagau , Treveresgau , Soratfeld and also in Augau as a replacement for tithes that had been granted to the Corvey monastery . The time of the transfer is unknown, Otto III. confirmed it again after losing the certificate in the Paderborn city fire in 1000. Usually the term of office of Bishop Volkmars (959–983) is assumed for the award . The county in Augau lent Bishop Meinwerk after Bannasch 1011 to the Billunger Bernhard II . A Count Konrad, who acted in Augau at the beginning of the 11th century, is addressed as a Billungian sub-count. It is variously assumed in the literature that an ancestor of the Counts of Everstein can be found with him .

On February 19, 1031, Emperor Konrad II gave the Episcopal Church in Paderborn for the faithful service of Bishop Meinwerk's Praedia (German: 'Landgüter') in eight places (Heinhuson, Winidun, Windilinroderod, Aldenthorph, Rudbertessun, Sunderessun, Illisa and Hameressun) in the "pago Auga". This involved the entire imperial estate in the Augau. The imperial estate in Nethegau and Hessengau was also transferred to the diocese. Bannasch suspects that this was limited to the county of Hermann.

On January 18, 1032, Konrad II transferred the count's rights of Esikonen Hermann II in Nethegau , Hessengau and Augau to the diocese of Paderborn. Since this happened during Count Hermann's lifetime, it is assumed that he was now active in the affected area as Paderborn liege count instead of directly from the empire. It becomes apparent that in the Augau different people had county rights.

Count's rights in Augau are also mentioned for Count Bernhard von Northeim . He is mentioned as Count for Würgassen and the nearby Helmarshausen . Since the latter place belonged to the county of Dodiko , which had also been transferred to the diocese of Paderborn and extended into the districts of Hessengau , Nethegau and Ittergau , it is assumed that Bishop Meinwerk had enfeoffed him with these rights.

Different interests collided in and on the Augau. The following power factors should be mentioned in particular:

  • Corvey Abbey in Augau,
  • the diocese of Paderborn, in whose diocese the Augau was located, where it was also wealthy and obtained secular rulership rights by granting count rights,
  • the Dukes of Billung, whose domain extended into the Augau from the north and whose role was later taken over by the Guelphs ,
  • the Counts of Northeim, who penetrated here from the southeast and whose inheritance fell to the Guelphs after their extinction in 1151, as well as
  • the Counts of Everstein, who reached across the Augau from the east.

In contrast, other noble families were ousted, such as the Esikonen or the family of Count Dodiko.

After the dissolution of the Duchy of Saxony in 1180, the southernmost part of the Augaus east of the Weser finally came to the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, founded in 1235 . The second part of the Augaus east of the Weser also came to the Guelphs. Together with the County of Everstein , it was handed over to Otto IV of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1408 after the Everstein feud from Hermann VII of Everstein .

From the west of the Weser, the southernmost part of the Augau was secured at the latest with the foundation of the city of Beverungen in 1417 for the Paderborn monastery as the judge or the office of Beverungen , while the remaining part formed the Corvey monastery .

Counts with county rights in Augau

literature

  • Hermann Bannasch: The Diocese of Paderborn under the Bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Altertumsverein, Paderborn 1972.
  • Karl-Heinz Lange: The Counts of Northeim (950-1144). Political position, genealogy and domain. Dissertation Kiel, pp. 12–15.
  • Gudrun Pischke: From Gauen to the district . In: Jahrbuch Landkreis Holzminden , 2007, p. 4.
  • August von Wersebe: Description of the districts between Elbe, Saale and Unstrut, Weser and Werra, insofar as they belonged to Ostfalen with North Thuringia and East Engern and as they were found in the 10th and 11th centuries. Hannover 1829, pp. 201-203.
  • Stefan Krabath: Hethis / Hetha, a submerged monastery in Hochsolling near Neuhaus . In: Sollinger Heimatblätter . History and culture magazine. No. 2, 2000, pp. 6-11
  • Paul Wigand: History of the princely empire = Corvey Abbey and the cities of Corvey and Höxter . First volume of the 1st division, printed by Heinr. Ludw. Bohn, Höxter 1819, II pp. 14–34
  • Paul Wigand: Der Corveysche Güterbesitz, presented from the sources and published as a continuation of Corvey's story . Meyersche Hof-Buchhandlung, Lemgo 1831, § 50, The Weserstrom and the waters of this valley: Aue, Auga (Auegau), pp. 181–192
  • O. Curs: Germany's district in the tenth century. According to the royal documents Diss., Göttingen 1908
  • Gysseling, Maurits, Toponymisch Woordenboek van België, Nederland, Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en West-Duitsland (vóór 1226), 1960 82
  • Polenz, P. v., Landscape and District Names in Early Medieval Germany. Studies on linguistic spatial development, Marburg, Verlag NG Elwert, 1961, Univ. Habilitation thesis, II, 15, 20, 24, III, 30
  • Polenz, P. v., Germanic-German landscape and district names from the 7th to 11th century, part I B. Alphabetical name book, 1st delivery Achilgouwe-Borhtergo, Marburg, 1961, 40 Auga
  • Diether Pöppel: The Paderborn Monastery - Origin and Development of State Sovereignty , Paderborn 1996.
  • Gottholt Wagner: Comitate in the Diocese of Paderborn , WZ 103/104 1954, pp. 221–270.
  • Gottholt Wagner: The administrative structure in the Carolingian Empire , Göttingen, Vlg. Reise, 1963, 9.
  • Origines Pyrmontanae Et Swalenbergicae, which includes the antiquities of Pyrmont and the surrounding area, including the PAGI WETTAGO, as well as the arrival of the Counts of Schwalenberg and their descendants of I. Counts of Waldeck, II. Counts of Waldeck in specie, III. Counts of Peremunt, IV. Lords of Colrebeck, V. Counts of Sternberg; then the castles and lordships belonging to the Counts of Schwalenberg and Waldeck are explained from their originality. University bookstore, Göttingen 1740 (digital copy from ULB Münster).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, the evidence is derived from the works listed under literature.
  2. ↑ Ludwig August Theodor Holscher: The older diocese of Paderborn, according to its borders, archdeaconates, districts and old courts, Part III, Archidiakonat Höxter , WZ  39, 1881, p. 148 ff.
  3. ↑ Ludwig August Theodor Holscher: The older diocese of Paderborn, according to its borders, archdeaconates, districts and old courts, Part III, Archidiakonat Höxter , WZ  39, 1881, p. 148 ff.
  4. ↑ Wilhelm Spancken: The Sacharos Register, a literary fraud by the historian Joh. Friedr. Falcon. , WZ 21 1861, pp. 1-80.
  5. ↑ Map "GERMANY'S GAUE III. Saxony. Northern Thuringia, in: Karl Spruner, Theodor Menke: Hand Atlas for the History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, 1880 .
  6. ^ Jürgen Hövermann : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 99 Göttingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB), Sofie Meisel: Geographical survey of the country: The natural units on sheet 98 Detmold. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. →  Online map (PDF; 5.4 MB)
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Braunfels: Charlemagne in self-testimonies and image documents , Hamburg 1972, p. 47.
  8. ^ Hermann Bannasch: The diocese of Paderborn under the bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Altertumsverein, Paderborn 1972, p. 35.
  9. ↑ See e.g. BW Schlesinger: Comments on the problem of the Westphalian counties and free counties , in: Ders .: Contributions to the German constitutional history of the Middle Ages 2 , 1963. Hermann Bannasch: The Diocese of Paderborn under the Bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Paderborn 1972, p. 55 f. Heinrich Boettger: Diöcesan and Gau borders of northern Germany between Oder, Main, across the Rhine, the North and Baltic Seas. Established walking from place to place. 4 volumes and map. Bookstore of the orphanage u. a., Halle u. a. 1875-1876.
  10. ^ Hermann Bannasch: The Diocese of Paderborn under the bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Altertumsverein, Paderborn 1972, p. 35-39, quotation p. 38. Friedrich Wilhelm Ebeling: The German bishops up to the end of the sixteenth century, vol. 1. Weigand Verlag , Leipzig 1858, p. 342.
  11. ^ Hermann Bannasch: The diocese of Paderborn under the bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Altertumsverein, Paderborn 1972, pp. 30–32, 33, 51 f, 121, 163 f.
  12. ^ Hermann Bannasch: The Diocese of Paderborn under the Bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Altertumsverein, Paderborn 1972, pp. 17, 326, 335.
  13. ^ Hermann Bannasch: The diocese of Paderborn under the bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Altertumsverein, Paderborn 1972, pp. 75, 311.
  14. ^ Hermann Bannasch: The Diocese of Paderborn under the bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, Altertumsverein, Paderborn 1972, p. 314.
  15. ↑ Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte, Volume 23, 1973, p. 157 . Hermann Bannasch: The diocese of Paderborn under the bishops Rethar and Meinwerk, antiquity association, Paderborn 1972, passim.
  16. ↑ Georg Schnath :  Everstein, Count of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 693 ( digitized version ). Burned and Robbed - Eversteiner Feud. Retrieved January 31, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Diether Pöppel: Das Hochstift Paderborn - emergence and development of state sovereignty , Paderborn 1996, pp. 79, 95, 97. Heinrich Schoppmeyer: The Bishop of Paderborn and his cities at the same time a contribution to the problem of sovereign and city , Paderborn 1968, p. 23 .