Chemical factory v. Heyden

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The chemical factory v. Heyden in Radebeul was the first drug factory in the world to produce a drug substance, salicylic acid , on an industrial scale . From 1897 the derivative acetylsalicylic acid was marketed as a medicinal product , first under the chemical name and later under the trade name Acetylin .

GDCh memorial plaque at Meißner Strasse 35 in Radebeul

Since October 1, 2012, the former salicylic acid factory and later chemical factory Dr. F. von Heyden one of the historical sites of chemistry , awarded by the Society of German Chemists (GDCh) as part of a ceremony with a plaque on the main building. This is reminiscent of the work of Jacob Friedrich von Heyden , Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe , Rudolf Wilhelm Schmitt , Bruno Richard Seifert and Richard Gustav Müller .

history

Chemical factory v. Heyden, 1898
Chemical factory v. Heyden, Lattice Gate, 2008

The chemist Friedrich von Heyden received his doctorate in chemistry at the Dresden Polytechnic under Rudolf Schmitt in 1873 . There he met the chemist Hermann Kolbe , who in 1859 had worked out the structure of salicylic acid and the Kolbe synthesis (later further developed as the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction ).

In order to be able to investigate his assumptions about the antiseptic properties of salicylic acid, von Heyden set up a laboratory at the suggestion of his teacher Schmitt in the remise of his Villa Adolpha in Dresden . At the same time he developed a process to be able to produce salicylic acid, the raw material for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), in a chemically pure industrial setting. In order to be able to meet the increasing demand, von Heyden built a factory in Dresden in 1874, which was already too small for the demand in the first year of production. That is why he built a larger factory in the same year in the Radebeul industrial area on the property at Meißner Strasse 35, which was named Salicylic Acid Factory Dr. F. v. Heyden was entered in the commercial register. Hermann Kolbe brought the Kolbe synthesis process into the company as a partner. For the first time in the world a pharmaceutical synthesis was carried out on an industrial scale. The construction of this factory, which developed into one of the most important chemical plants in Saxony, also marked the beginning of Radebeul's industrialization. After Hermann Kolbe's death, Rudolf Schmitt took over the scientific management of the company in 1884.

In 1885 von Heyden retired from the company's management and remained as chairman of the supervisory board until 1919 . Heyden and sold it to the businessman Carl Rentsch and the chemist Carl Kolbe . Kolbe's son had already taken over the technical management in 1884. The salicylic acid factory Dr. F. v. Heyden successor was converted into a GmbH in 1896 and a stock corporation in 1899 . Carl Kolbe promoted the welfare, including in 1899 by setting up the 25,000 Mark equipped v. Heyden Foundation . Until 1907 he remained general director of the chemical factory v. Heyden , the chemist Ernst Kegel started working for the company in the same year 1907 . He later became the head of the control laboratory for many years and the first "doctoral engineer for chemistry". Rudolf Schmitt's son Hermann Schmitt became chairman of the supervisory board of Chemische Fabrik v. Heyden. From October 29, 1923 to October 31, 1923, he was the acting Saxon Minister of the Interior as Reich Commissioner.

The chemist Richard Seifert , also a student of Rudolf Schmitt, was hired as early as 1885 . Due to his enormous abilities, which earned him the nickname “chemist by the grace of God”, production and product range increased to include other salicylic acid ( Acetylin ) or salicylic acid phenyl ester ( Salol ), as well as products for aseptic wound treatment and sweeteners ( Zuckerin ). At the same time, Seifert researched the recipe for a mouthwash which, after several years of research, he gave his friend Karl August Lingner to market in 1891/1892 , who sold it as Odol . From 1907 Seifert became general director and successor to Carl Kolbe in the chemical factory v. Heyden .

Share over 1000 RM of the Heyden AG chemical factory on March 1, 1929

The company worked together with the doctor and microbiologist Walther Hesse on the industrial production of agar-agar .

By expanding to include other products such as raw materials for the chemical industry and other pharmaceuticals, the company grew from 200 employees in 1895 and 1,500 employees in 1914 to 3,000 in 1923. Branch plants were set up in Nünchritz , Garfield (New Jersey) and Hirschfelde bei Zittau and in Weißig. Around 1920 the chemist Wilhelm Lax was director and board member of the Chemischen Fabrik von Heyden AG , and since 1919 vice president of Heyden Chemical Corp., New York. Richard Wilhelm Lax had a listed four-family house built in Radebeuler Riesestrasse 2 in 1934, which is a listed building.

In 1922, the company acquired part of the Radebeul-Ost forest park in order to use it commercially. In 1924, a residence building for “officials” was built (Meißner Strasse 30), which was expanded in 1934 to include a casino. In 1939 the company's own sports field was built on the site.

From 1933 the chemist Richard Müller worked in the company. During his research in 1941 he succeeded in the technical production of methylchlorosilanes , which are the starting material for the production of silicones . Since he succeeded at the same time as the US chemist Eugene G. Rochow , this process is called the Müller-Rochow synthesis .

Neon sign in the 1950s

During the Second World War , the company was spared from destruction. The Soviet occupation forces, however, confiscated the Radebeul plant and dismantled the facilities. In 1946, production in Radebeul started again, which was largely promoted by Richard Müller. The researcher Ernst Carstens started there in 1947 and in the following years he developed numerous products, in particular antidiabetic drugs . In 1948 the company was expropriated and in a state-owned enterprise converted. The shareholders' meeting then moved the company's headquarters to Munich .

In the expropriated East German parts of the company, Müller became head of the "VEB silicon chemistry" in Nünchritz in 1952 and scientific director of the entire company in 1953. In addition, he was head of the "Institute for Silicone and Fluorocarbon Chemistry". In 1951 Müller received the GDR National Prize . On June 17, 1953 , he made himself the spokesman for the workers' protests in the VEB Chemische Fabrik v. Heyden .

In 1955, the chemical factory set up its own training center on the north side of Meißner Straße, at the corner of Forststraße, as the Free Youth training center . In 1958, the company was renamed VEB Chemische Werke Radebeul for legal reasons , as the name von Heyden had gone to the West German company. On January 1st, 1961, VEB Chemische Werke Radebeul was incorporated into VEB Arzneimittelwerk Dresden . The Heyden Chemical Factory , which was relocated to Munich, became part of the Squibb Corporation in 1969 as Squibb-von Heyden GmbH .

In 2006, the drug production of AWD.pharma was sold to the Italian Menarini Group, which uses the historical name of Heyden again for its plant in Dresden .

The branch, which was built in Nünchritz until 1905, is still the location of a chemical factory in which silanes , siloxanes and silicone oils , but also high-purity polycrystalline silicon are produced. The plant, which has been part of Wacker Chemie since October 1998 , employs 1,400 people ( Template: future / in 5 yearsas of December 31, 2012) and is one of the major industrial employers in the Meißen district . Friedrich-von-Heyden-Platz 1 was named as the address of the plant in honor of the company 's founder .

In 2012 the former salicylic acid factory and later 'Chemische Fabrik Dr. F. von Heyden 'was named one of the Historic Sites of Chemistry by the Society of German Chemists (GDCh) and a memorial plaque for the deserving chemists was donated.

Listed factory building

Chemical factory v. Heyden, Meissner Strasse 35
Chemical factory v. Heyden, Meißner Strasse 37
Chemical factory v. Heyden, Meißner Strasse, corner of Forststrasse
Chemical factory v. Heyden, forest road

The factory site was expanded from the property at Meißner Straße 35 and soon occupies a large area between Meißner, Forst-, Sidonien- and Kiefernstraße. The factory premises also include the factory buildings on the northern (opposite) side of Meißner Strasse.

Manufacturing and administration building at Meißner Strasse 35

The listed , four-storey manufacturing and administration building ( 51 ° 5 ′ 48.7 ″  N , 13 ° 41 ′ 35.1 ″  E ) is directly to the left of the main entrance with an elongated street facing directly to Meißner Strasse. The building has a corner risalite and a platform roof . The plaster facade is grooved on the ground floor .

Three floors of the building date back to 1900 and the building was at the existing level in 1912 increased .

Laboratory building Meißner Strasse 37

The laboratory building ( 51 ° 5 ′ 50 ″  N , 13 ° 41 ′ 32.5 ″  E ) to the right of the main entrance was built or rebuilt around 1910. The stately two-storey building is slightly offset from the street to the rear, the street view shows a wide, three-storey central projection in the middle, in which there is a segmented bay window above the former entrance portal . Above the portal there is a basket-arched roof with a driven screen, in which there is a medallion with the motif of a distillation flask .

The simple plastered construction shows corner pilasters and arched windows , on top of which there is a heavily developed mansard roof . The mansard roof is characterized by numerous dormers and pike dormers as well as by the chimneys and vents arranged like wall panes.

This part of the property is closed off from the street by a lancet fence with a baroque gate grille.

Meißner factory building / Forststraße

The listed factory building ( 51 ° 5 ′ 45.5 ″  N , 13 ° 41 ′ 39 ″  E ) at the corner of Meißner and Forststrasse is a three-story plastered building with two wings. Be on the wing corners flat risalits , the center of the building is chamfered , there is the entrance. The building, built around 1900, has a gently sloping hipped roof . Above the arched windows there are keystones , on the first floor the windows in the risalits bear roofs. The building is structured by cornices , the plaster on the ground floor is decorated with grooves.

This building is separated from the factory site and houses a motorcycle shop.

Forest road manufacturing building

The listed manufacturing building on Forststraße ( 51 ° 5 ′ 43.5 ″  N , 13 ° 41 ′ 33 ″  E ) is a two-story, "remarkable" clinker brick building in the New Building style . The cubic building with a flat roof from 1934 may have been designed by the Dresden architect Curt Herfurth . It is structured horizontally by clinker strips, among other things between the windows on the upper floor, and vertically by the protruding staircases.

Forest casino "Friedrich-von-Heyden-Haus"

Forest casino "Friedrich-von-Heyden-Haus"

The listed office and recreation building at Meißner Strasse 30 ( 51 ° 5 ′ 50 ″  N , 13 ° 41 ′ 38 ″  E ) for "civil servants" of the chemical factory v. Heyden was built in 1924 on the northern side of Meißner Straße. In 1934, the Dresden architects Lossow & Kühne designed a single-storey hall building on the right-hand side as an extension. The occasion was the company's 60th anniversary. The building in the forest opposite the factory was called the “forest casino” and was named Friedrich-von-Heyden-Haus in honor of the founder .

The subassembly consists of two structures facing Meißner Straße facing the gable with a single-storey connecting building as an entrance with a balustrade on top. The two-storey building on the left has a gable roof with dormers , the windows on the gable side are emphasized vertically, the gable above is offset. In the left side view there is a polygonal staircase tower with a curved end.

The stylistic later, single-storey extension of the casino on the right-hand side has a flat hipped roof with bat dormers , as well as wide corner pilasters and high rectangular windows.

Training center "Free Youth"

Training center "Free Youth"

The listed former training center Forststraße 22-22d ( 51 ° 5 '47 "  N , 13 ° 41' 41.3"  O ) was established in 1955 by the Chemical VEB factory v. Heyden built for its own purposes. Recently, the privatized building has been converted to residential purposes.

The L-shaped plastered building, built in the style of traditionalist architecture of the post-war period, is a single-storey building with a saddle roof and dormer windows, which also housed laboratories as a training building. In the gable of the building is the arched main entrance with an outside staircase .

Chemical factory "Pyrgos" in the Albertschlösschen

From 1922 until the end of the Second World War, the company operated the subsidiary chemical factory "Pyrgos" in Albertschlösschen in the Serkowitz district .

See also

literature

  • Central organ for chemists, technicians, manufacturers, pharmacists, engineers , 9th year 1885, No. # (from March 4, 1885).
  • Andreas Schuhmann, Bernhard Sorms: History of the drug factory Dresden . Ed .: AWD.pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Dresden 2002.
  • Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 .
  • Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 .
  • Wladimir Reschetilowski (Red.): Former salicylic acid factory and later chemical factory Dr. F. von Heyden Radebeul. (= Historic sites of chemistry. ) Society of German Chemists, Frankfurt am Main 2012.

Web links

Commons : Chemische Fabrik von Heyden  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 34 .
  2. Andreas Schumann, Bernhard Sorms: history of drug work Dresden . Ed .: AWD.pharma GmbH & Co. KG. Dresden 2002, p. 31 f .
  3. IDW-Online: Heyden chemical factory in Radebeul is recognized as a historical site of chemistry (September 25, 2012)
  4. The Interior Ministers of the Kingdom and Free State of Saxony 1831–1945 ( Memento of the original from January 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.archiv.sachsen.de
  5. ^ Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 181 .
  6. 40th auction of historical securities on January 26, 2009: Chemische Fabrik von Heyden AG; 5% partial debt 1000 Mark, No. 19691; Radebeul, November 30, 1920 (two original signatures, including one of the director Wilhelm Lax)
  7. Moneyhouse Commercial Register and Business Information: Bristol-Myers Squibb Limited Liability Company , accessed January 4, 2014.
  8. Menarini von Heyden
  9. Wacker Chemie production sites: Nünchritz , accessed on January 4, 2014.
  10. a b c d Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 25th f . (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been located in the Meißen district since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).
  11. a b c Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 15 (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been based in the Meißen district since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).
  12. Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 , p. 205 f .
  13. ^ Company social facilities. Retrieved September 29, 2015.

Coordinates: 51 ° 5 '48.7 "  N , 13 ° 41' 35.1"  E