Beaumesnil (Eure)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Beaumesnil
Beaumesnil Coat of Arms
Beaumesnil (France)
Beaumesnil
local community Mesnil-en-Ouche
region Normandy
Department Your
Arrondissement Bernay
Coordinates 49 ° 1 ′  N , 0 ° 42 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′  N , 0 ° 42 ′  E
Post Code 27410
Former INSEE code 27049
Incorporation January 1, 2016
status Commune déléguée

Former town hall

Beaumesnil is a town and commune Déléguée in the French municipality of Mesnil-en-Ouche with 509 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region Normandy (before 2016 Haute-Normandie ).

geography

Beaumesnil is located at an average altitude of 168 meters above sea ​​level in the Pays d'Ouche , 33 kilometers west of Évreux , the seat of the prefecture of the Eure department and 11.7 kilometers southeast of Bernay , the seat of the sub-prefecture of the Bernay district , on the Department road D140.

Beaumesnil is located in an area where there is a risk of suddenly forming holes several meters deep. The so-called Marnières are old marl pits that can open, for example, after heavy rain, when the debris is washed into the side passages. Then well-like holes 1.5 to 2 meters in diameter are created. When the ceilings of the mining corridors collapse, wider holes appear. In Beaumesnil there were problems from Marnières in 1995 and 1999. There are around 16,000 of these marl pits in the entire Eure department.

history

Beaumesnil is mentioned as Bello Mesnillo in a Middle Latin document from 1195. It is a medieval foundation. The name is a compound of the French word beau- 'beautiful' and the old French word -mesnil , 'house'. It was derived from the late Latin word mansionile , for 'little house'.

1179 brought Jeanne de Meulan the fief of Beaumesnil with in the marriage with Robert II. Baron d'Harcourt (1124-1212). It stayed in this branch of the family until Robert VI. d'Harcourt was killed at the Battle of Azincourt in 1415 . Then Beaumesnil fell to Robert's cousin Guillaume de Tournebu . As early as 1418, Henry V of England had "mansion, castle, moth, dovecote and courtyard" confiscated and gave it to Robert Willoughby, the 6th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. In 1435 the English lost the property, got it back and lost it again in 1441. Pierre de Brézé had recaptured it. The English took the property back one more time and kept it until 1470. Jean II. De Lorraine acquired the property in the year of his death. It remained in the possession of his family until 1602. Jacques le Conte, Seigneur de Nonant , acquired it. His grandson, Jacques Le Conte, Marquis de Nonant and Baron de Beaumesnil, accompanied Henrietta Maria of France to England in 1625 , where she married Charles I of England . Then he had today's Beaumesnil Castle built. In 1660 Catherine Le Conte de Nonant married Hérard Bouton , II. Comte de Chamilly. Since their only son died in 1722, one of their daughters brought Beaumesnil into the possession of the Martel de Cleres family through marriage. Also by marriage, the fief fell to the de Béthune family . Armand-Joseph de Béthune (1738–1800), peer of France and Duc of Béthune-Charost, made Beaumesnil his preferred residence. As his son was guillotined in 1794 and left no heirs, Beaumesnil fell to the Montmorency-Laval family through the marriage of the widow Maximilienne de Béthune . The Duc de Montmorency-Laval had the Saint-Nicolas church rebuilt in 1819.

In 1793 Beaumesnil received as Beaumenil in the course of the French Revolution (1789–1799) the status of a municipality and in 1801 through the administrative reform under Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) the right to local self-government .

Hans Fürstenberg (1890–1982) was a German banker . He owned an important book collection, German original editions, woodcuts, French books from the 18th century and beautiful bindings. In 1936 he was warned that the Secret State Police were about to arrest him and fled to Paris with his 16,000 books . In 1939 he bought Beaumesnil Castle. Fürstenberg contacted Julien Cain (1887–1974), then director of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French national library , BN for short ) and donated 700 first editions of German books to the library. When the German army marched on Paris, the BN relocated some valuable manuscripts to Beaumesnil. The Archives de France relocated the archives from Rouen to Beaumesnil. Some of the manuscripts of the BN and the books of Fürstenberg were still sent by train to southern France. When the Germans occupied Beaumesnil, part of the archives were destroyed and part was taken to Paris. Fürstenberg's books were confiscated by Reichsleiter Rosenberg's operations staff and taken to the central library of the NSDAP's high school in Berlin.

With effect from January 1, 2016, sixteen previously independent municipalities from the former canton of Beaumesnil were merged into a commune nouvelle with the name Mesnil-en-Ouche. They were: Ajou , La Barre-en-Ouche , Beaumesnil , Bosc-Renoult-en-Ouche , Épinay , Gisay-la-Coudre , Gouttières , Granchain , Jonquerets-de-Livet , Landepéreuse , La Roussière , Saint-Aubin- des-Hayes , Saint-Aubin-le-Guichard , Sainte-Marguerite-en-Ouche , Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil and Thevray . The municipality of Beaumesnil belonged to the arrondissement of Bernay and the canton of Bernay (until 2015 Beaumesnil ).

Incorporation and population development

Between 1795 and 1800 Saint Lambert was incorporated, which in 1793 had 95 inhabitants. In 1845 Pierre-Ronde was incorporated, which in 1841 had 126 inhabitants.

year 1793 1831 1841 1861 1901 1931 1946 1982 1990 1999 2006 2016
Residents 357 508 436 603 492 448 628 484 524 562 527 515

The community had the fewest inhabitants in 1793 (357), the highest number in 1946 (628).

Culture and sights

Saint-Nicolas church

The Beaumesnil Castle was from 1633 to 1640 in Baroque style Louis XIII. built and can be visited. It contains a bookbinding museum with examples of bookbinding from the 16th century. The park of the castle was designed by Jean-Baptiste de La Quintinie (1626–1688) in the 17th century.

The Saint-Cyr church is in the hamlet of Pierre-Ronde. It was built on a church from the 12th century, of which only part of a wall of the current nave and perhaps the portal remains. The current church dates from the 15th century. The porch of the portal, the windows and the cemetery cross date from the 16th century. The altarpiece was designed in the 17th century. The choir was renewed in 1746. The church has been a Site Inscrit since 1932 .

The Saint-Nicolas church was built in 1819 to replace the old parish church of Saint-Nicolas-Saint-Eugène , which had been destroyed. It is dedicated to Nikolaus von Myra . The church has hardly changed since it was built. It contains altarpieces from the 17th century. The church is to the right of the castle portal. The letters DOM, which is Latin and means Deo Optimo Maximo (“the most gracious and exalted God”), are worked into its facade .

Beaumesnil belongs to the Roman Catholic Community de Saint Aubin le Vertueux , which is part of the parish Notre Dame de Charentonne of the Diocese of Évreux .

There are several half-timbered houses from the 17th century.

The war memorial in Beaumesnil was created in the first half of the 20th century by the sculptor Eugène Benet from Rouen .

economy

In the municipality there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Camembert (Camembert de Normandie) , Calvados and Pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (cider) de Normandie and Cider normand) .

There is an ostrich farm called Eur'Autruches and a riding school in Beaumesnil. The ostrich farm can be visited. Important industries in the place are the breeding of poultry and domestic cattle .

Personalities

Charles de Maistre (1832-1897) was the lord of Beaumesnil's castle and known for his social commitment. His son Joseph de Maistre (1861-1931) founded the association Le repos (recreation), which since 1997 has been called Association RP de Maistre . The association owns the Institut Médico-Educatif in Beaumesnil, a school for people with disabilities between the ages of 6 and 20.

Web links

Commons : Beaumesnil  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of the municipality of Eure. (No longer available online.) In: eure.pref.gouv.fr. Préfecture of Eure, archived from the original on April 27, 2013 ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French).
  2. ^ Ernest Nègre: Toponymie générale de la France . tape 1 . Librairie Droz, 1990, ISBN 978-2-600-02884-4 , pp. 1419 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ^ Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2  ( formally incorrect ) , p. 308-310 (French).
  4. ↑ a b Auguste Le Prévost , Léopold Delisle , Louis Paulin Passy, ​​Société d'agriculture des belles-lettres, sciences et arts de L'Eure, Évreux: Mémoires et notes de M. Auguste Le Prevost pour servir à l'histoire du département de l'Eure . Hérissey, 1862, p. 198–200 (French, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  5. ↑ a b Beaumesnil - notice communal. In: cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved September 18, 2011 (French).
  6. ^ Sem C. Sutter: Jewish book possession as looted property: second Hanover symposium . In: Regine Dehnel (Hrsg.): Journal for Libraries and Bibliography . No. 88 . Vittorio Klostermann, 2006, ISBN 978-3-465-03448-3 , p. 126–129 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  7. ↑ Château de Beaumesnil (website of the castle) in French.
  8. ^ A b Beaumesnil, Base Mérimée, Ministère de la Culture (French) Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  9. ↑ Notre Dame de Charentonne ( Memento of July 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ^ Daniel Delattre, Emmanuel Delattre: L'Eure, les 675 communes . Editions Delattre, Grandvilliers 2000, pp. 26 (French).
  11. ↑ Eur'Autruches (French).
  12. ↑ http://www.quid.fr/communes.html?id=15566&mode=detail&style=fiche Zonen {Dead Link | date = 2018-03 | archivebot = 2018-03-31 22:52:43 InternetArchiveBot | url = http : //www.quid.fr/communes.html? id = 15566 & mode = detail & style = fiche}} Beaumesnil on quid.fr (French), no longer available since March 25, 2010.
  13. ^ Association RP de Maistre (French)