Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil
| Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil | ||
|---|---|---|
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| local community | Mesnil-en-Ouche | |
| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Your | |
| Arrondissement | Bernay | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 56 ' N , 0 ° 35' E | |
| Post Code | 27330 | |
| Former INSEE code | 27596 | |
| Incorporation | January 1, 2016 | |
| status | Commune déléguée | |
 Former Mairie |
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Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil is a town and commune Déléguée in the French municipality of Mesnil-en-Ouche with 97 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region Normandy (before 2016 Haute-Normandie ).
geography
Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil is located in northern France in the Pays d'Ouche on the southwestern edge of the Eure department, 70 kilometers southeast of Le Havre , about 18 kilometers south of Bernay , the seat of the sub-prefecture of the Arrondissement and about 14 kilometers southwest of Beaumesnil at an average altitude of 204 meters above sea level .
In Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil, there is a risk of holes one meter deep in the ground. The so-called Marnières are old marl pits that can open, for example, after heavy rain, when the debris is washed into the side passages. On average, there are around 15 underground cavities in the Eure department, especially marl pits and infiltration areas per square kilometer. There are a total of thirty underground cavities in Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil, two of which are marl pits.
The place is assigned to a climate zone of type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ): warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.
history
Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil was named after the apostle Simon Peter . The dialect word Mesnil , 'house', also appears in other community names. It was derived from the late Latin word mansionile , for 'little house'. Earlier names of the former municipality were Mesnil-Mauduit and Mesnil-Maudet. Mesnil-Mauduit was first mentioned in a document around 1210.
The castle Le Blanc-Buisson was built around 1290 in the reign of Philip IV (1285-1314) for the Collinet Le Conte family (also Collinet-Lecomte), the head of which was Connétable of France in the service of Philip IV. In 1355 the castle was attacked by the then Prince Charles V (1338-1380) in the course of the conflict with the House of Navarra-Évreux and badly damaged. It was not until 1403 that Guillaume Le Conte succeeded in winning the favor of King Charles VI. (1368-1422). He received the area as Quart-fief de Haubert , roughly 'quartered fiefdom of the Ringelpanzers '. This form of subdivision of fiefs was common in feudalism only in Normandy and Brittany . The owner of the fiefdom automatically became a knight when he inherited the fiefdom and was 21 years old and had to serve in his master's rural army. The ring armor was the symbol of chivalry in this context. When these fiefs were inherited, they could be divided into up to eight parts. In 1474, Le Blanc-Buisson came into the possession of the du Merle family through marriage. In the 16th century the castle was rebuilt and essentially got its current appearance. The defensive systems were preserved during the renovation, which benefited the castle in the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598). In 1589, Le Blanc-Buisson was attacked and looted by the counter-Reformation rebel Tanneguy Le Grix. In the 17th century, the du Merles came into the possession of the Barony of Orbec through marriage . In 1801 the du Merle family finally moved to Orbec and sold Le Blanc-Buisson.
In addition to Mesnil-Mauduit or Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil and Le Blanc-Buisson, there was still the La Bernardière fiefdom from the 16th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799).
In 1793, Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil received the status of a municipality in the course of the French Revolution (1789–1799) and in 1801 the right to local self-government through the administrative reform under Napoleon Bonaparte .
With effect from January 1, 2016, sixteen previously independent municipalities from the former canton of Beaumesnil were merged into a commune nouvelle with the name Mesnil-en-Ouche. They were: Ajou , La Barre-en-Ouche , Beaumesnil , Bosc-Renoult-en-Ouche , Épinay , Gisay-la-Coudre , Gouttières , Granchain , Jonquerets-de-Livet , Landepéreuse , La Roussière , Saint-Aubin- des-Hayes , Saint-Aubin-le-Guichard , Sainte-Marguerite-en-Ouche , Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil and Thevray . The municipality of Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil belonged to the Arrondissement of Bernay and the Canton of Bernay (until 2015 Beaumesnil ).
Population development
| year | 1793 | 1821 | 1836 | 1846 | 1886 | 1921 | 1962 | 1975 | 1982 | 1999 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 429 | 497 | 336 | 288 | 189 | 152 | 130 | 115 | 89 | 86 | 107 |
Attractions
Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil belongs to the Roman Catholic community Communauté de Risle en Ouche , which is part of the parish Lieuvin Sud et Pays d'Ouche of the Diocese of Évreux .
Secular architecture
In the hamlet of Le Bois-Goult there is a manor house from the 17th century. The rectory was built in 1745. The school is also housed in the 19th century mairie. In total, 21 of the 52 houses and farms built between the 17th and 19th centuries have survived.
Le Blanc-Buisson castle
Around 1403, Le Blanc-Buisson Castle was described as a permanent house with a drawbridge . It was rebuilt in the 16th and 18th centuries, but some Gothic elements were preserved. The base of the castle is a pentagon . The defense walls are with loopholes stocked. At the corners, the walls are reinforced by small round towers. The castle is surrounded by a moat and only accessible via two drawbridges. The entrance pavilion consists of a masonry bond of flint stones with arches made of masonry bricks . The ground floor of the L-shaped main building is made of sandstone , on the first floor the walls between the windows are made of red and black, diamond-shaped bricks. A donjon adjoins the main building , which can only be entered via a narrow staircase. The donjon is equipped with five watch towers. The historic kitchen with its large fireplace has been preserved. The real charm of Le Blanc-Buisson is its lack of symmetry. The colors are not coordinated and different building materials were used. The roof is covered with flat roof tiles. The oldest surviving chimney is cylindrical and surrounded by four balusters . Le Blanc-Buisson is privately owned. The moat, stables, park and roof were entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques in 1949 and 1952 .
Cultural events take place in the castle several times a year.
Religious buildings
The Saint-Clair-et-sainte-Catherine chapel in the Mesnil district was built in the 13th century. The roof dates from the 18th century.
The parish church of Saint-Pierre was built in the 13th century. The patron saint of the church is Simon Peter. The facade was renewed in the 15th century. In the 18th century renovations were carried out and the windows enlarged. The sacristy and porch were built in the second half of the 19th century. The patronage of the church was held by the seigneur of the La Salle fiefdom. The oldest preserved work of art in the church is a stone statue of Simon Petrus from the 16th century. The baptismal font dates from the 17th century. In the church there are still various textiles from the Confrérie de charité of Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil. These items date from the 19th century.
Economy and Infrastructure
The nearest train station is in Bernay and is 17 kilometers away. The nearest airport is Deauville Airport in Saint-Gatien-des-Bois, 57 kilometers away .
In the municipality there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Camembert de Normandie , Calvados and Pommeau de Normandie as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork ( Porc de Normandie ) , poultry ( Volailles de Normandie ) and cider ( Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand ) .
Personalities
- Jean de La Varende (1887–1959), writer, literary critic and painter, was born in nearby Chamblac and wrote in his novels about the castle Le Blanc-Buisson, among other things. He called it la fôret claire , 'the light forest'.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Cavite souterraines ( Memento of 6 August 2002 in the Internet Archive ) Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie (French)
- ^ Ernest Nègre : Toponymie générale de la France . tape 3 . Librairie Droz, 1998, ISBN 2-600-02884-6 , pp. 1570–1572 (French, online ).
- ^ Ernest Nègre: Toponymie générale de la France . tape 1 . Librairie Droz, 1990, ISBN 2-600-02884-6 , pp. 1418 f . (French, online ).
- ↑ a b Anatole Caresme Charpillon: Dictionnaire historique de toutes les communes du département de l'Eure: histoire, geographie, statistique . tape 2 . Éditions FERN, Guénégaud, Avallon / Paris 1966, p. 873 f . (French, archive.org - reprint).
- ^ Fief de Chevalier, ou Fief de Haubert . In: Denis Diderot : L'Encyclopédie , Volume 6 ( Wikisource )
- ^ François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chenaye-Desbois (1699–1784): Dictionnaire historique des moeurs, usages et coutumes des François . tape 2 . Vincent, Paris 1767, p. 169 (French, online historical dictionary).
- ↑ a b c 7 siècles d'histoire au cœur du Pays d'Ouche. In: blancbuisson.com. Association pour la Sauvegarde et la Promotion du Blanc-Buisson, accessed November 8, 2013 (French).
- ^ A b c Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2 ( formally incorrect ) , p. 310-312 (French).
- ^ A b Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil - notice communal. In: Cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved November 11, 2013 (French).
- ^ Lieuvin Sud et Pays d'Ouche. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on September 22, 2015 ; Retrieved November 11, 2013 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Bernard Bodinier (ed.): L'Eure de la Préhistoire à nos jours . Jean-Michel Bordessoules, Saint-Jean-d'Angély 2001, ISBN 2-913471-28-5 , pp. 266 (French).
- ↑ Entry No. 27596 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Entry No. 27596 in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
