Berauner circle
The Berauner Kreis ( Czech Berounský kraj ) was an administrative district in the central area of the Kingdom of Bohemia , named after the city of Beraun ( Czech Beroun ), whose district chief had his seat outside the district area on the Lesser Town of Prague . This administrative unit was created in 1714 from the former Moldau District and the Podbrder District , until 1791 Beraun was the seat of the district . In 1849 he was absorbed into the newly formed Prague district .
Demographics
The district included 70 dominions and cities. Among them were 10 cities, one of them an imperial district town, two imperial. Mining towns as well as 7 municipal and protective towns and 784 villages.
The population of the district is given on the basis of the 1843 census as 201,404 people. At that time, the local population spoke Bohemian in pure dialect throughout .
Vicariats of the Archdiocese of Prague were that of Mauth with a secretariat in Beraun, that of Přibram (secretariat in Ginetz) and that of Wotitz (secretariat in Sedletz ). In Sobiehrad there was a parish of the Augsburg denomination , to which a parish belonged here. The seat of the Jewish district rabbi was in Prague, who looked after 578 families from there in the Berauner district around 1845.
Geographical description
By 1845 the area of the Berauner Circle was 52.8 square miles. The larger towns in the Beraun district included Beneschau , Beraun, Dobříš , Hořowitz , Hostomitz , Königshof , Königsaal , Milín , Přibram and Zbirow .
The landscape in the district is predominantly mountainous, including the Třemoschna Mountains , the forest mountains near Dobříš and the mountain ranges around Karlstein, formerly called the Hausina Mountains . The Vltava , Berounka , Sázava and Litavka rivers are among the larger watercourses in the former district area .
Agriculture and Forestry
Compared to other Bohemian counties, the possibilities for field farming were limited by the existing mountainous landscape. The cultivation of useful plants was only widespread in the lower-lying areas. These included wheat , flax , barley , oats and potatoes , occasionally beets for sugar production and rapeseed . In the course of the second third of the 19th century, fruit growing became more important because hat pastures and previously unused areas were planted with fruit trees. In the course of this, the cultivation of apples , pears , plums and sour cherries increased in the Berauner district.
In livestock farming around 1845, sheep farming was in the foreground with 84,584 (1840: 112,537) animals. At this time there were also 29,951 (1840: 30,184) cows , (1840: 11,994) 12,514 oxen and (1840: 6,693) 6,788 horses . In the Kingdom of Bohemia, the center of sheep's wool production was located in the Berauner district , the quality of which was particularly high in the area around Hořowitz. There were 150 companies of various sizes for processing wool. Accordingly, it was also leather processing plants in a circle, around 1840 there were 36 Lohgerber , 10 Rotgerber and 30 Weißgerber in a circle, still further 20 Glover and 56 skinner , 16 Riemer and 6 Sattler .
When using the natural fish stock, inland fisheries focused on pike , carp , tench and catfish . Trout and eel were caught in mountain streams . Fish farming in ponds remained low, as larger bodies of water of this type were rare in the district. The annual fish yield was 1,772 quintals .
About a quarter of the area of the Berauner Kreis was covered with forests , which were mainly composed of coniferous trees . Among the types of deciduous trees represented were beeches , birches and alders .
Mining industry and other mineral raw materials
In the mining area of Přibram there were mines for silver and lead ores , where the kk Bergoberamt had its seat in the town of the same name. The kk district mountain court for the Bohemian districts of Beraun, Kaurim , Rakonitz and Prachin was also located there .
Iron ore mines promoted in Dobříš, royal court, Mniszech , Točník , Zbirow and Horowitz. Quarries for lime extraction existed in large numbers along the Hausina Mountains. Coal was mined near Hořowitz, Königshof, Točnik and Zbirow.
Amethyst was obtained from Přibram and jasper varieties from Karlstein, Pitschin and Zbirow. The raw materials for the pottery came from the vicinity of Beraun, Dobříš, Hradischko, Mnick and Slap . Used mineral springs , but of little importance around 1845, existed in Kuchelbad .
location
Neighboring circles around 1845 were:
- in the north: Rakonitzer Kreis
- in the west: Pilsner Kreis
- in the south: Prachiner district and Tabor district
- in the east: Kaurimer district and Tabor district
See also
literature
- Friedrich Carl von Watterich von Watterichsburg: Concise dictionary of regional studies of the Kingdom of Bohemia . 2nd edition, Prague (CW Medau and Comp.) 1845, pp. 247-249 online
- Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia: statistically topographically represented. Sixteenth volume. Berauner circle . Friedrich Ehrlich, Prague 1849 online
Individual evidence
- ↑ Watterich, 1845, p. 276, table absolute population of the individual districts and the capital Prague
- ↑ Watterich, 1845, p. 40 entry Alt-Mitrowitz
- ↑ Watterich, 1845, pp. 71-72, Animal raw products production
- ↑ Watterich, 1845, p. 79 Animal raw product refinement
- ↑ Watterich, 1845, p. 89, Animal raw products production