Mníšek pod Brdy
| Mníšek pod Brdy | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Praha-západ | ||||
| Area : | 2649.7913 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 52 ' N , 14 ° 16' E | ||||
| Height: | 385 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,832 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 252 10 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Prague - Příbram | ||||
| Railway connection: | Dobříš – Praha-Modřany | ||||
| Next international airport : | Prague airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Magdaléna Davis (as of 2019) | ||||
| Address: | Dobříšská 56 252 10 Mníšek pod Brdy |
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| Municipality number: | 540765 | ||||
| Website : | www.mnisek.cz | ||||
| Location of Mníšek pod Brdy in the Praha-západ district | |||||
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Mníšek pod Brdy , until 1960 Mníšek (German Mniszech , older even Möncheleins ) is a city in Czech Republic . It is located 27 kilometers southwest of the city center of Prague and belongs to the Okres Praha-západ . The historic city center has been declared an urban conservation area.
geography
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Mníšek pod Brdy is located on both sides of the Bojovský creek ( Mnichek brook ) at the foot of the Hřebeny in the north-eastern foothills of the Brdská vrchovina . To the north rise the Skalka (553 m), the Babka (506 m), the Strážný vrch (507 m) and the Hvíždinec (476 m), in the east the Hora (448 m), southeast of the Pleš (490 m), im West of the Vrážky (577 m) and northwest of the U Červeného kříže (548 m). On the eastern and southern outskirts of the city, the R 4 expressway runs between Zbraslav and Dobříš . One and a half kilometers south of the city is the Dobříš – Praha-Modřany railway line , and the Mníšek pod Brdy station is in Horní Rymaně.
Neighboring towns are Skalka, Řevnice , Lety and Dobřichovice in the north, Černolice , Řitka , Jiráskova čtvrť, Líšnice and Čtvrť Svatopluka Čecha in the Northeast, Bažantnice, Lucký Mlyn, Vandrlice, Bojov and Čisovice the east, Rymaně, kamenne and Zahořany the southeast, Horni Rymaně , Včelnik, Nová Ves pod Pleší , Malá Svatá Hora and Voznice in the south, Chouzavá and Kytín in the south-west, Stříbrná Lhota, Rochota, Hatě and Hodyně in the west and Halouny, Lhotka and Zadní Třebaň in the north-west.
history
According to tradition, there used to be a village Dubčany on the site of Mníšek , which was destroyed by fire. Later at the site, a new market has been created, residents are in gratitude for the support by the Benedictines from the monastery Insula place Mníšek mentioned.
The first written mention was made in Maiestas Carolina in an order from King Charles IV of October 3, 1348, who designated the fortress and the town of Monachus as the property of the Bohemian crown for ever. Due to its location on the Goldener Steig , the town lived from the flourishing trade between Bohemia and Bavaria, and the fortress also served to protect this important trade route. The church of St. Wenceslas has been traceable as a parish church in the construction registers since 1384. At the beginning of the 15th century, King Wenceslaus IV left the rule of Mnisec to the Žebrák burgrave Johann von Leßkow ( Jan z Lestkova ) as a pledge. In 1409, the king converted the pledge into a feudal relationship, which also included hunting and felling rights in the Dobrian forests and neck jurisdiction. Since then, the city has also had its own coat of arms. In 1420 the town was destroyed by the army of Jan Žižka . In 1437 King Sigismund confirmed the possession of Předbor Řepnický of Řepnice, who had owned the rule since the 1420s. Peter Řepnický von Řepnice sold Mnisec in 1487 to Johann Wratislaw von Mitrowitz , who was able to secure the rule in 1503 with King Vladislav Jagiello . In 1532, the Utraquist Stefan Polák was the first non-Catholic pastor to be introduced to Mnicek. The fortress, which stands on a rock above the stream, was converted into a castle in the 16th century. After the owner of the Řitka estate , Jan Věžský, had built a new breakout in the forest on Passau Street, which was frequented by the carters, much to the detriment of the farms in Čísovice and Mníšek, the Counts Wratislaw sued Jan Věžský successfully in 1586 for unauthorized serving in a place that was previously a forest. Between 1604 and 1610 the Lutheran Jan Rosacius Hořovský worked as a pastor in Mnicek. In 1639 the town was burned down by the troops of the Swedish Field Marshal Banér and was then desolate. The brothers Friedrich and Wenzel Euseb Wratislaw von Mitrowitz sold the ruined Mnisiank rule in 1655 to the Prague citizen and tanner Servatius Engel von Engelfluss, who had gained wealth during the war through orders to supply the Wallenstein Army and for his services in the defense of the Charles Bridge against whom Swedes had been ennobled. Engel von Engelfluss had the city rebuilt; he united the rule Mnisk with the feudal estates Chrastitz and Čisowitz , and raised them on August 1, 1661 to the family fideikommiss . In 1670 he was raised to the rank of baron. The next owner was his son Servatius Ignaz Engel von Engelfluss, who was followed by his son Ignaz Karl. In 1740, the mining of iron ore began in the St. Bartolomäuszeche near Skalka. Ignaz Karl Engel von Engelfluss died in 1743 without descendants, the Fideikommissherrschaft Mnicek fell to his sister Maria Victoria, widowed Freiin Unwerth. It was followed by their son Ignaz Freiherr von Unwerth, who was raised to the rank of count in 1764. From 1769 the lordship belonged to Johann Nepomuk Count Unwerth, who remained childless. After his death, the rule fell to his younger brother Joseph, who also died in 1822 without heirs. Heir to the rule became Ignaz Graf Unwerth, with his death on April 29, 1829, the family of the Counts of Unwerth became extinct. Because of a legal dispute over the inheritance, the rulership was then under national administration for nine years, with Johann Freiherr von Henniger appointed as administrator. In 1838, Ignaz Unwerth's granddaughter, Countess Maria Anna Pachta von Rájov, née von Steinbach, and her husband Karl were given control of the rule . Marie de Silva-Tarouca was satisfied with an estate. The fiefdom of Čisowitz was separated from the Fideikommiss in 1846 and sold.
In 1846 the Fideikommissherrschaft Mnick, located in the Berauner district , comprised a usable area of 8,612 yoke 996 square fathers, of which 5580 yoke 694 square fathoms belonged directly to the authorities. The largest pond, with an area of 29 yoke 832 square fathoms, was the Sikorower Pond ( Sýkorník ) east of Mnicek . 3,127 predominantly Czech-speaking people lived on the territory, including four Jewish and two Protestant families. In addition to agriculture, the main source of income was iron stone mining, and the residents also earned extra income by hauling the iron stone to Althütten . The lordship managed three farms in Mnisk, Lhotka and Groß Hrtitz, each of which also had a sheep farm. For the management of the forest there were the four forest districts Mnicek, Kittin, Čisowitz and Hrochota. The iron ore mine St. Bartholomäus near Skalka was operated by the Dominium Dobrisch against payment of a tithe . The small town of Mnicek and the villages of Skalka, Kittin , Lhotka ( Stříbrná Lhota ), Weselka ( Veselka ), Groß-Hrtitz ( Velká Hraštice ), Bratřinow and Čisowitz were subordinate . Small town at the southern foot of Hrochotazuges Mniszech even Mischek , Monachus or Měssek called, consisted of 176 houses with 1,255 inhabitants, including four Jewish families. The parish church of St. Wenceslas, the parish and the school were under stately patronage. There was also an aristocratic castle, an aristocratic farm with a sheep farm, an aristocratic brewery, a post office and three inns and inns. The one-layer Kwitalka, the Podhrad mill, the Lucker mill ( Lucký mlýn ) and the authoritarian chamfer garden with a hunter's house ( Bažantnice ) lay apart . The local authority was a city judge's office. In Mniszech six were Fairs held. Mnisk was the parish for Kittin, Lhotka, Čisowitz, Weselka, Groß-Hrtitz, Bojow ( Bojov ), Neudorf , Zahořan , Riman ( Rymaně ), Senetschnitz ( Senešnice ) and Klein-Hrtzitz . In 1847 the siblings Emanuela and Ludmilla Pachta von Rájov inherited the rule. Until the middle of the 19th century the town was the official seat of the Fideikommissherrschaft Mnick.
After the abolition of patrimonial Mníšek / Mnisk formed from 1850 with the districts Řitka , Skalka and Veselka a municipality in the judicial district of Zbraslav . From 1868 the city belonged to the Smichow district . Through the marriage of Emanuela Pachta with Johann von Schirnding , the rule passed into the possession of the von Schirnding family. Řitka and Veselka were connected in 1876 at the request of the residents of the Lišnice commune . With the commissioning of the Dobříš – Praha-Modřany railway line , Mníšek became a popular excursion destination for Prague residents. In 1896 the town was assigned to the Příbram District and the Dobříš Judicial District. Karl von Schirnding sold the rule to Theodor Kast von Ebelsberg in 1909. The next owner was from 1931 Llewellyn Kast von Ebelsberg. In 1932 there were 1141 people in Mníšek with Skalka. In 1945 the estate and castle belonging to Llewellyn Kast von Ebelsberg was confiscated. From 1949 the town of Mníšek belonged to the newly formed Okres Dobříš. In the 1950s Stříbrná Lhota and Rymaně were incorporated and Skalka lost its status as a district. At that time, a new iron ore mine was opened to the southwest of the city and a large iron ore processing plant with rotary kilns was built to the northeast of the city , which saved the transport of the ore to Stará Huť and to which a branch line was laid from Čisovice. In addition, the town expanded to the north, on the left side of Bojovský potok a new housing estate was built on the slope below Skalka. After the Okres Dobříš was abolished, the town became part of the Okres Příbram in 1960 and the official name was changed to Mníšek pod Brdy . After the new processing technology could not ensure profitable operation of the iron ore mines, these were shut down in 1967. The processing plant was then converted to aluminum production. On July 1, 1974, the city was assigned to the Okres Praha-západ . At the beginning of 1980 the incorporation of Kytín took place, the village broke away from Mníšek pod Brdy on November 24, 1990 and formed its own municipality. The largest company is Kovohutě Mníšek as
City structure
For the city of Mníšek pod Brdy no districts are shown. Mníšek pod Brdy consists of the basic settlement units Mníšek pod Brdy ( Mnick ), Rymaně ( Riman ) and Stříbrná Lhota ( Silver Lhota ), which also form cadastral districts. Mníšek pod Brdy also includes the settlements Bažantnice, Kamenně, Lucký Mlýn and Skalka.
Attractions
- Mníšek Castle, the four-wing building with three towers and a castle garden, was built in 1656–1672 for Servatius Engel von Engelfluss instead of the previous building that had been ruined by the Swedes. The St. Servatius Castle Chapel with a star vault is located in the southwest tower. The castle was opened to the public in 2006.
- Parish church of St. Wenceslas, in place of the previous building from the 14th century, Ignaz Freiherr von Unwerth had a new baroque church built between 1743 and 1756. Inside the church there is a magnificent marble tomb of the von Unwerth family created by the Prague sculptor Wenzel Prachner. The church tower was added in 1868. The church is surrounded by a former cemetery with baroque statues and four chapels in the cemetery wall.
- Pilgrimage site Skalka on the hill Skalka ( Hrochota ) with the church of St. John, built between 1692 and 1693 according to plans by Christoph Dientzenhofer . Mary Magdalene. In 1763 the mother-in-law of the landlord Ignaz von Unwerth, Benedicta Countess Čejková, née Countess von Bünau, had a small Franciscan monastery built next to the church with a hermitage and a Way of the Cross, which was closed again in 1785. In 1947 the place of pilgrimage was extensively reconstructed. As a result of vandalism and undermining by mining, extensive renovation work has been necessary again since the 1980s. Since then, the work on the monastery has been completed. In 2010 the city called for a public collection to save the Way of the Cross and the ruins of the Hegerhaus, and the safety work began in the same year.
- Chapel of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary on the Malá Svatá hora southwest of Mníšek, built 1809–1811 by the Prague citizen Edmund Chvalský with the support of Johann Count Unwerth on the pilgrimage route to Svatá Hora .
- House No. 23: František Xaver Svoboda's birth house with a memorial plaque
- House No. 36 with a rustic baroque gable , also known as Bastlův grunt , is the birthplace of the Bastl family of musicians
- Monument to František Xaver Svoboda in the park by the church
- Ausspanne, set up in 1664 by Servatius Freiherr Engel von Engelfluss hired the one burned down by the Swedes
- Statue of St. Johannes von Nepomuk in the park by the church, created in 1765 by Ignaz Franz Platzer .
- Rectory, the author Marie Wagnerová-Černá lived as a housekeeper in the rectory until her death
- Since 1968 the Brdská stezka has been taking place in Mníšek in April, a hiking / running event whose 50 km long ultra-marathon is part of the European Ultramarathons Cup .
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Josef Doubrava (1852–1921) Bishop of Königgrätz
- František Xaver Svoboda (1860–1943), poet and writer
- Willi Nowak (1886–1977), painter, lithographer and university professor
- Marie Wagnerová-Černá (1887–1937), writer, she wrote her works under the pseudonyms Felix Háj and F. Háj .
Lived and worked in Mníšek
- Jan Rosacius Hořovský (1581–1637), the writer, was a pastor in Mníšek from 1604 to 1610
Web links
- Story of Mníšek pod Brdy (Czech)
- Website of the Mníšek pod Brdy State Castle (Czech)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/540765/Mnisek-pod-Brdy
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Antonín Profous: Místní jména v Čechách - Vznik jejich, původní význam a změny.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 16 Berauner Kreis, 1849, pp. 50–55
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/540765/Obec-Mnisek-pod-Brdy
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/540765/Obec-Mnisek-pod-Brdy