Chrášťany u Prahy

Chrášťany
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Praha-západ
Area :	416 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 3 '  N , 14 ° 16'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 2 '35 "  N , 14 ° 15' 31"  E
Height:	384  m nm
Residents :	962 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	252 19
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	D 5 : Rudná - Prague R 1 : Zlatníky - Prague
Railway connection:	Prague – Most
Next international airport :	Prague airport
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Pavel Hrdlička (as of 2013)
Address:	Chrášťany 28 252 19 Rudná u Prahy
Municipality number:	539295
Website :	www.chrastanyuprahy.cz
Location of Chrášťany in the Praha-západ district

Chrášťany (German Chrastian , 1939–1945 Rohrfeld ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located twelve kilometers west of the city center of Prague on the city limits and belongs to the Okres Praha-západ .

geography

Main road

Chrášťany is located on the Prague plateau ( Pražská plošina ) in the headwaters of the Dalejský creek. The Horka (401 m) rises to the south and the Růžová (410 m) to the west. On the northern edge of the village, the D 5 / E 50 motorway runs between Rudná and Prague, which crosses northeast of the village at the Třebonice motorway junction with the R 1 expressway between Zlatníky and Prague. The Praha – Most railway line runs southwest of Chrášťany .

Neighboring towns are BRVE, Hostivice and Sobín in the north, Sobinka, Zličín in the Northeast, Stodůlky and Třebonice the east, Řeporyje in the southeast, Mirešice, Jinočany , Dobříč and Tachlovice in the south, Nučice and Dušníky in the southwest, Úhonice and Ptice the west and Chýně in Northwest.

history

The discovery of a circular Slavic fire site proves an early settlement of the municipality.

The village arose on the old trade connection from Prague to Nuremberg . The first written mention of Krascani was in 1227 together with Hořelice , Dušníky and Bratronice as the property of the Benedictine monastery of St. George at Prague Castle . In confirmation of ownership of the monastery from 1228 and 1233, the village was referred to as Hrascane . Since the construction of the Křivoklát Castle , the residents of Chrášťany have been obliged to perform special services, which consisted in the provision of horses and wagons during military service or in times of peace. Since the 14th century there was also a small aristocratic seat, to which part of the village belonged. One of the owners of the fortress was probably the Cunrat de Chrascan mentioned in 1318 . From 1378 the clerical part of the village belonged to the Archbishop of Prague . In 1391 Smil was mentioned by Chrášťan as a citizen and owner of a house in the New Town of Prague ; between 1396 and 1398 he had his seat at the Velká Dobrá Fortress . From 1420 the Catholic Zdeněk von Sternberg owned the secular share . After Archbishop Konrad von Vechta converted to the Utraquists in 1421, the archbishop's share was assigned to the Prague cathedral chapter. During the Hussite Wars , the Prague Hussites occupied the estate. In 1434, Zdeněk von Sternberg, who had meanwhile risen to the rank of castle count of Prague, received his share in Chrášťany back. His descendant Ladislav von Sternberg signed Chrášťany, together with Železná and Libečov, to the Prague cathedral chapter of St. Vitus in 1507 , to which the entire village, with the exception of a noble hereditary property, belonged.

Jan Šlovský von Šlovice bought the estate in 1530, and his service obligations with crossbow and armor opposite Křivoklát Castle were recorded in a protocol. The subsequent owner of the hereditary estate, knight Pavel Léva von Brozánek, sold it jointly between 1540 and 1542 to the scholar and Prague and Vyšehrad canon Johann von Puchau ( Jan z Půchova ), his brothers Wenzel and Florian and their nephew Sigismund. The latter became known as the translator of “Cosmographia” into Czech and received an improvement in the coat of arms from King Ferdinand I in recognition of his work . He replaced the bear in his coat of arms with a lion and put the title of Lion Mountain ( ze Lví Hory ) on. The Bohemian translation of the “Cosmographia”, which was published in a high edition of 1200 and was expanded by Sigismund von Puchau to include a description of the history of Bohemia and Moravia, was financed exclusively by the family, who wanted to do without the support of the king or sponsors. This led to a financial disaster; When Sigismund's father Florian von Puchau had to cede the Chrášťany inheritance to his creditors in 1557 due to complete over-indebtedness, 200 unsold copies of the “Cosmographia” were still stored in the fortress. With Sigismund von Löwenberg, who died in poverty in 1584, the von Puchau family died out. The von Puchau creditors sold the festivities to Ctibor Sluzský von Chlum and his four brothers, from 1559 Ctibor Sluzský was the sole owner of the Chrášťany inheritance. In the first half of the 17th century, the owners of the hereditary property replaced each other in quick succession. In 1629 the estate was continuously passed on between the Trmal from Toušice, Údrcký from Údrč, Horňátecký from Škrovád, Pichl from Pichlsberg, Robenhaupt from Suchá, Čábelický from Soutice and ultimately Johann Redlfester von Wilderstorf. In Redlfester's time, the fortress and the village were plundered by foreign troops and he sold the devastated property to the Budissin canon Wenzel Karl von Schwarzbach. In 1650 Polyxena von Sternberg acquired the Chrášťany hereditary estate and four years later sold it to Karl von Kolowrat -Libštejnský. In 1667 the Prague chapter bought the inheritance with the fortress from the Kolowrat-Libštejnský counts. At the beginning of the 18th century, the cathedral chapter had the fortress redesigned into a baroque chateau, which became the administrative seat of the new Chrášťany manor with five farms, the Únětice brewery and the villages of Ořech, Knovíz, Únětice, Vokovice, Přílepy, Žníkyezná, Řepy and Dušnízná . Schooling in Chrášťany began in 1829.

In 1843 the lordship comprised a usable area of ​​5378 yoke 1220 square fathoms, of which 1421 yoke 1429 square fathoms belonged to the authorities. The main source of income was agriculture, the cathedral chapter managed four farms in Duschnik, Chrasstian, Wořech and Aunětitz, a sheep farm near Wořech and two mutton farms in Chrasstian and Aunětitz. In addition, the chapter operated two limestone quarries at Wořech and Železna. At Klein-Přilep, 14 coal mines were operated partly by the authorities and partly by private trades; in Klein-Přilep there was also an official shift office for the local coal mining industry. The rule included the villages Chrasstian, Wořech , Duschnik , Železna , Klein-Přilep , Aunětitz , Groß-Přilep and Wokowitz ( Vokovice ), 13 houses from Knobis , eleven houses from Schwarzochs ( Černý Vůl ), ten houses from Střebonitz ( Třebonice ) including the branch church of hll. Martyrs John and Paul in Krten ( Krteň ), five houses from Auholiček , from Vorder-Kopanina ( Přední Kopanina ) the three houses of the single-layer prelate ( Preláty ) and from Libotz ( Liboc ) a single-layer vineyard house. 2,695 Czech-speaking people lived on the territory, including four Protestant families of the Augsburg denomination . The village Chrasstian or Chrastian / Chrasťan located on the Reichsstraße consisted of 32 houses with 242 inhabitants. In the village there was an official castle with the bailiff's apartment, a Dominical Meierhof, a bulk floor, a Dominical mutton hut and two inns. The parish was Wořech. Until the middle of the 19th century, Chrasstian was the seat of the administrative directorate for the rulership of the same name and a mountain court substitution for the rulers of Chrasstian and Wrana . Until the middle of the 19th century, the rule remained in the possession of the Prague cathedral chapter of St. Vitus. In 1848 a mining authority was set up in Chrasstian .

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Chřásťany / Chrasstian 1850 a municipality in the district of Smíchov and judicial district Unhošť . In 1854 Chrašťany was united with Jinočany . During the German War in 1866, 29 people died of cholera in Chrašťany . Between 1865 and 1867 a new school building was built, which was extended in 1883 for two-class teaching. The construction of the Prague-Dux railway and the start of iron ore mining near Nučice brought Chrašťany to prosperity at the end of the 19th century. Jinočany broke away from Chrašťany in 1880. In 1893 the municipality was assigned to the Kladno District. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in the same year. From 1898 the school was taught in three classes, the children from Jinočany, Třebonice, Mirešice and partly from Zbuzany also started school. In 1921 eight people died in Chrašťany, including six children of dysentery. Chrášťany has been used as an official place name since 1924 . In 1928 the village was electrified. In 1932 Chrášťany had 670 inhabitants. In 1936 a sewerage system was built. During the German occupation , the village was given the German name Rohrfeld , and the school became the seat of a German garrison and weapons depot. At the beginning of May 1945 an SS group arrested 30 people in Rohrfeld and another 10 in Kirchsassen . After fighting in Rohrfeld and around the Kirchsassen train station, the Red Army took the place on May 9, 1945. In addition to the weapons depot, half a million Reichsmarks were found in the school. After the war ended, several families moved to the border areas . The kindergarten was established in 1945. Since 1949 the municipality has belonged to Okres Praha-západ . In the second half of the 20th century the village was greatly expanded. After 1989, industrial areas, warehouses and shopping centers emerged mainly south and south-west of the village.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Chrášťany.

Attractions

Former property

• Chapel built in the 19th century. It was reconstructed in 2009.
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, created 1804
• Chrášťany Castle, the simple one-storey baroque building was built in the 18th century instead of a medieval fortress. Until 1948 the castle belonged to the cathedral chapter, after the nationalization in 1948 it was converted into a residential building.
• Memorial stone for the fallen of World War I, unveiled in 1921
• The Světice spring , to the medicinal spring on the Růžová avenue, has led pilgrimages from the Church of St. Georg on the homole.

Web links

• History of Chrášťany (Czech)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, vol. 13 Rakonitzer Kreis, 1845 pp. 240–242