Ořech
| Ořech | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Praha-západ | ||||
| Area : | 488 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 1 ' N , 14 ° 18' E | ||||
| Height: | 356 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 995 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 252 25 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | R 1 : Zlatníky - Prague | ||||
| Railway connection: | Prague – Most | ||||
| Next international airport : | Prague airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Miroslav Helt (as of 2013) | ||||
| Address: | Baarovo náměstí 20 252 25 Jinočany |
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| Municipality number: | 539520 | ||||
| Website : | www.obecorech.cz | ||||
| Location of Ořech in the Praha-západ district | |||||
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Ořech (German Worschech , also Worech ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eleven kilometers southwest of the city center of Prague on the city limits and belongs to the Okres Praha-západ .
geography
Ořech is located on the Prague plateau ( Pražská plošina ) on a plateau above the basin of the Ořešský brook. To the north, the Jinočanský potok flows through a shallow basin; to the south, the Radotínský potok forms a deep bottom in the Český Kras nature reserve. The R 1 / E 50 expressway between Zlatníky and Prague and the Prague – Most railway line run on the northern edge of the town . To the east is the Řeporyje substation.
Neighboring towns are Třebonice, Krteň and Chaby in the north, Řeporyje, Velká Ohrada and Na Požárech in the Northeast, Holyně, Slivenec and U Jezírka the east, Zmrzlík, Lochkov and Zadní Kopanina in the southeast, Kalinův Mlyn, Třebotov and Choteč the south, Chýnice in southwest , Tachlovice , Dobříč and Zbuzany in the west and Mirešice and Jinočany in the northwest.
history
Archaeological finds, which can be assigned to the Knovíz culture and the band pottery culture , prove an early settlement of the municipality.
Orech was first mentioned in writing in 993 in a deed of donation to Duke Boleslav the Pious for the Břevnov Benedictine monastery . However, part of the village was owned by the Prague Chapter . The next mention of poprawczo provinciae Orsichow not take place until 1337. In 1352 the parish church was Orziech first time in the papal tithe registers listed. From 1371 the Prague citizens Mikuláš and Jakub Ortl owned part of the village. The parish Ořechov was raised to the deanery in 1384. Later the place was called Wořech . From 1391 the later royal chef Mikuláš von Ořech, called Kuchmajstr, owned a share in the village. In 1398, the Church of St. Nicholas on the Lesser Town in Prague pledged the Wořech estate to Bonco von Wrssek ( Bočko z Vršce ), and in 1401 he sold the estate to the Karlstein burgrave Peter von Přimda . The following owners were from 1408 Beneš and Vilím von Ořech, then Hašek von Hospozín, from 1413 his son Strachota von Hospozín, from 1415 Hynek from Tismice and from 1421 the lay judge on the royal vineyards Václav von Ořech. In 1515 the Prague New Town council bought a courtyard with forests and ponds. After the class uprising of 1547, the confiscated shares of three noble estates were transferred to Wořech from the Prague Chapter . However, the residents remained utraquist. From an inheritance dispute over the court of Jakub Jílek (No. 12), it is recorded that the Catholic Jílek was released from subordination in a hand-held party. Emperor Rudolf II confirmed this in 1593 and at the same time granted Jílek the privilege to use a coat of arms and the predicate von Statenitz . When the chapter tried again to replace the Kalixtine pastor with a Catholic in 1605, this led to a violent protest from the subjects from Zbuzany and Kopaniny. After the Battle of White Mountain , the parishes of Wořech , Krteň and Řeporyje became orphaned. The cathedral chapter of St. Vitus then took the Freihof Jílkův dvůr back to itself and thus owned in Wořech next to the church and the parish 14 hubs, a mill, a Kretscham and a farm and thus almost the entire village. The registers were created in 1661, and there is evidence of a school in the same year. In 1682 the chapter reinstated a pastor in Wořech . When the plague broke out in 1713, eleven people died in Wořech , and the epidemic claimed 78 victims in the parish villages. In 1754 the new school building was completed. After the building proved too small, a new school was built in 1821.
In 1843 Wořech / Ořech consisted of 39 houses with 310 inhabitants. The parish church Beheading John the Baptist , the parish and the school were under the pratronage of the authorities . In addition, there was an official farm and an inn in the village. To the south was an official sheep farm and to the north a mill and a herding house. Wořech was vicarage for Chrasstian , Zbuzan , Cheynitz , behind-Kopanina ( Zadní Kopanina ) Řepora ( Řeporyje ) Wohrada ( Ohrada ) Nowawes ( Nová Ves ), Wopatřilka ( Opatřilka ) Zmrzlik ( Zmrzlík ) Ginočan , Střebonitz ( Třebonice ) , Mireschitz ( Mirešice ) and Chaby. Until the middle of the 19th century Wořech was subject to the Chrasstian rule.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Ořech / Wořech 1850 a municipality in the county and judicial district Smíchov . At that time, almost all of the residents lived from agriculture, the only businesses being brickworks and mills. The village consisted of the farms around the village square and a few other houses. At the end of the 19th century, craftsmen and merchants built new houses on Karlštejnská street . In 1900 a new school was built. In the course of the land reform in the 1920s, the Beránkovské pole field was parceled out, creating a settlement with 70 houses. After the development of Greater Prague , the suburb of Ořech was connected to the Prague city traffic. The majority of the residents of Ořech commuted to Prague and worked at the Walter factory . In 1927 the municipality was assigned to the Praha-venkov district and the judicial district of Praha-západ. In 1932 the Ořech commune had 662 inhabitants. In 1942, Ořech became part of the newly formed Praha-venkov-sever district. Since 1949 the municipality has belonged to Okres Praha-západ . In the second half of the 20th century, the development of Ořech stagnated; While satellite settlements grew in most places on the outskirts of Prague, only six new houses were built in Ořech between 1950 and 1990. Since 1994 the community has had a coat of arms and a banner. Between 1995 and 1999, numerous new single-family houses were built in the south and west of the village. As a result, Ořech grew to 271 houses.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Ořech. The one-layer Kalinův Mlýn or Podořešský Mlýn belongs to Ořech.
Attractions
- Parish church beheading John the Baptist , it has been documented since 1352. Between 1661 and 1682 the church was administered alternately by the Franciscans from the Waldl monastery in Hagek and Maria Schnee and by the Tachlowitz pastor, after which it was again given its own pastor. The originally Gothic building was enlarged between 1714 and 1736 and redesigned in Baroque style. It has three altars.
- Baroque rectory, built in the 1st half of the 18th century. A plaque commemorates Jindřich Šimon Baar , who was pastor of Ořech from 1895 to 1897 and from 1909 to 1919.
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
- Memorial stone for the fallen of both world wars
- Memorial stone Husova mohyla
Web links
- Location description (Czech)
- Early history of Ořech (Czech)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 13 Rakonitzer Kreis, 1845 p. 242