Jíloviště
| Jíloviště | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Praha-západ | ||||
| Area : | 1399.7607 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 56 ' N , 14 ° 21' E | ||||
| Height: | 353 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 639 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 252 02 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Zbraslav - Mníšek pod Brdy | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Vladimír Dlouhý (as of 2015) | ||||
| Address: | Pražská 81 252 02 Jíloviště |
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| Municipality number: | 539341 | ||||
| Website : | www.jiloviste.cz | ||||
| Location of Jíloviště in the Praha-západ district | |||||
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Jíloviště , until 1924 Jiloviště (German Julowischt , formerly Jilowischt , also Gilowischt ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 18 kilometers south of the city center of Prague on the city limits and belongs to the Okres Praha-západ .
geography
Jíloviště is located between the deeply cut valleys of the Vltava and Berounka in the Hřebeny ( Brdykamm ). The place is surrounded by extensive forests; The Hřebeny Nature Park extends to the north and west. To the east is the Vrané reservoir . The Vltava tributary Haďák or Jílovišťský potok rises on the southwestern edge of the village. To the west of the village is the headwaters of the Mokropeský potok, north of Jíloviště the source of the Humenský potok; both streams flow into the Berounka. To the northeast rises the Kopanina (411 m nm) with the television tower Cukrák, in the west of the Kámen (414 m nm). In the northern part of the cadastre above the Berounka are the Humensko and Kazín castle stables; the north-eastern part comprises most of the Daliborka game reserve. The I / 4 road between Zbraslav and Mníšek pod Brdy leads through Jíloviště, which is expanded to the D4 motorway from exit 9 Jíloviště .
Neighboring towns are Dolní Mokropsy, Černošice , Údolí hvezd, Kazin, Obsiny and Lipany in the north, Lipence, Bane, Strnady and Vrané nad Vltavou in the Northeast, Skochovice the east, Leznice, Měchenice and Trnová in the southeast, V Remízku, Klínec and Varadov south , Na Homolce, Potoky, Černolice and Nový Dvůr in the southwest, Všenory in the west and Horní Mokropsy and Montana in the northwest.
history
The forest area near the border fortification Osseca ( Osek ) in the Hřebeny was one of the westernmost possessions of the Slavnikids in the early Middle Ages . Later, the area crossed by the Golden Trail and sparsely populated was divided between the monasteries of Břevnov , Insula and the King's Hall .
In the middle of the 14th century the Cistercians of the Königsaal allowed the wooded plateau between Berounka and Moldau to be settled; since Jíloviště is not yet listed in the royal hall land register from 1342, the town was founded a little later. The first written mention of Jistba came in 1347 when the judge Vavřinec, who was probably also the locator, sold the income from the court and Kretscham to the monastery. In 1357 the Church of St. Wenceslaus first mentioned in Jistba ; Since 1380 it is documented as a parish church, from 1384 the church belonged to the newly formed deanery Ořech . At the beginning of the 15th century, the village consisted of 12-15 farms.
The last mention of the church is from 1419; it can be assumed that it was destroyed by the Hussites. Then Jíloviště was parish after Líšnice . After the Königsaal monastery was destroyed in 1420 during the Hussite Wars , its goods were distributed to various secular lords by King Sigismund . The new owner of Jíloviště was the Karlstejn feudal lord Zikmund Bolechovec von Pušperk, a meritorious imperial warrior of the lower nobility who had also acquired the Dobřichovice estate. In the middle of the 16th century, the Cistercians of the Königsaal received most of their old possessions, including the forests around Líšnice , Klínec and Jíloviště. The village of Jíloviště was listed as desolate in the register of monastery villages at that time. The Cistercians repopulated Jíloviště, nine inhabited properties are recorded in the land register from 1587. In addition, the monastery in Jíloviště built a monastery courtyard. The Thirty Years War led to the economic decline of the monastery villages. The Swedish troops that passed through on the trade route from Prague to Příbram in the 1630s and 1640s plundered and burned the villages nearby. In 1639 the Swedes moved through the area under General Banér , six years later it was ravaged by an army under General Torstensson and in 1648 by the troops of General Wittenberg . Jíloviště was probably destroyed as early as 1639, but the court is not mentioned in the 1649 overview of the royal hall monastery property. In the list of subjects according to the faith ( Soupis poddaných podle víry ) from 1651, 47 inhabitants are listed in Jíloviště, including three charcoal burners, a miller and an innkeeper, the other inhabitants lived from agriculture. In 1654 six farms were recorded in the Berní rula , four of which were desolate, and two desolate chalets . The Líšnice parish and parish school, which died out during the war, was renewed in 1696. At this time, pilgrimages to the Holy Mountain near Příbram began on the Golden Trail , and later to the Malá Svatá hora near Mníšek . Until 1714 the village belonged to the Podbrdsko district, then to the Berauner district . When house numbering was introduced in 1777, Jíloviště consisted of 23 houses.
After the abolition of the monastery in the course of the Josephine reforms in 1785, Jilowisht belonged to the rule of the Königsaal, which was administered by the Imperial and Royal Bohemian State Administration for the Religious Fund. In 1829 a school was set up in Trnová, to which children from Jilovisht were also enrolled. In April 1827 Friedrich Kraft bought Heinrich zu Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Wallerstein the rule and ceded it to his wife Sophia Maria, née Landgravine von Fürstenberg († 1829). In 1832 the rule fell to the widower; after his death in 1845 his second wife Maria Anna, née Countess von Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg , and his children from both marriages jointly inherited the property.
In 1846 the village of Gilowischt , also called Jilowischt or Gilowisst , on Passauer Strasse , consisted of 31 houses with 221 inhabitants. There was an official hunter's house and an inn in the village. The parish was Lischnitz . Until the middle of the 19th century, Gilovisht remained subject to the rule of the Königsaal.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Jílovište / Jilowischt 1849 a municipality in the judicial district of King's Hall . Karl Friedrich zu Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Wallerstein, who took over his father's property when he came of age in 1861, had a new forest area set up in Jíloviště; the residence of the district forester was in Königsaal. From 1869 Jiloviště belonged to the Smichow district . In 1875 Jiloviště and Trnová merged into one municipality Jiloviště . The village of Jiloviště at that time consisted of 36 houses and had 248 inhabitants. During a visit to Jiloviště , the Archbishop of Prague, Friedrich zu Schwarzenberg, announced in 1875 that the village of Líšnice would become the parish of Trnová; it was carried out in 1880 after the consistory had given its approval . In 1901 Jiloviště had 216 inhabitants, most of whom worked in external industrial companies. 1908 was first mountain race Zbraslav-Jíloviště discharged. In 1910 the textile industrialist Cyril Bartoň-Dobenín acquired the manor of the Königsaal. From 1918 the village belonged to the newly founded Czechoslovakia . Trnová broke away from Jiloviště in 1920 and formed its own municipality. The land reform of 1921 largely spared the Königsaal rulers, as they did not own any huge estates. The municipality of Jiloviště acquired from the Bartoň-Dobenín family a share of the village corridors, which is now called Zvonice. Tourism, which started again after the end of the First World War, was recognized in Jiloviště as a source of income and led to significant changes in the appearance of the town. Hotels and villas were built, but also simple huts in the tramp style. In 1924 the place name was changed to Jíloviště. In 1928 the new road from Zbraslav via Žabovřesky and Baně to Jíloviště was inaugurated. In 1927 Jíloviště was assigned to the Okres Praha-venkov and in 1942 to the Okres Praha-venkov-jih. In 1930 the village was electrified. In 1949 the parish was assigned to Okres Praha-jih, since 1961 it has belonged to Okres Praha-západ . In the 1950s and 1960s, people from Prague in particular built their weekend houses in Jíloviště. In 1960 Trnová was incorporated again, and in 1980 Klínec was added as a district. Between 1959 and 1961, the 193.5 m high Cukrák television tower was built on the Kopanina. In the 1970s, the first nine and a half kilometers of the I / 4 road between Lahovice and Jíloviště to the west of Zbraslav and expanded into four lanes; a 32-kilometer extension to Skalka was then built into the 1980s as the R 4 expressway . On November 24, 1990, both Trnová and Klínec formed their own communities again. There is now a customs school next to the Cinema Palace Hotel .
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Jíloviště. Basic settlement units are Jíloviště ( Julowischt ) and Strnady II ( Strnad II ). Jíloviště also includes the single layer Jílovišťská Myslivna.
Mountain race Zbraslav – Jíloviště
The international automobile race Zbraslav-Jíloviště among the world's oldest mountain race . The first run was held in 1908 at the end of the Prague Motor Show. The start took place at the Königsaal market, the five and a half kilometers long route led over the hill Cukrák (411 m nm) to Jíloviště. The winner of the first edition was Otto Hieronymus with a Laurin & Klement car . Later there was a motorcycle race in addition to the automobile race. In 1926 Eliška Junková won the automobile race with a new course record , leaving her husband Čeněk Junek behind. This made her the first woman to win an automobile race. From 1928 the race was held on the new asphalt and paved road between Zbraslav and Jíloviště. In 1930, Rudolf Caracciola and Hans Stuck fought a duel on the track, with Caracciola and his Mercedes SSKL winning the race with an absolute record time of 2: 42.7 minutes, 11 seconds ahead of Stuck and with an average speed of 123 , Drove 8 km / h. With the Second World War the race came to a standstill.
In 1968 the traditional race was revived as a classic car race. Every year on the Saturday of the new school year, the revival for the Eliška Junková Cup, organized by the Veteran Car Club Praha, starts at the Zbraslav market over four kilometers to Jíloviště.
Attractions
- Kazín Castle on a rocky spur (233 m nm) a Humenská (246 m nm).
- Humensko castle stable on a rock spur (246 m nm) above Berounka, archaeological site
- Hotel Hubertus, neo-renaissance building from the years 1921–1922, popularly called Jíloviště Castle
- Hotel Palace in the western part of the village, today Cinema Palace Hotel, built in 1926
- Villa of the Lord Mayor of Prague Karel Baxa
- Villa of the Lord Mayor and Minister of Prague Petr Zenkl
- Cukrák TV tower on Kopanina
- Crossroads at ul.Pražská, built in 1884
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/539341/Jiloviste
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 16 Berauner Kreis, 1849, pp. 34–38
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 16 Berauner Kreis, 1849, p. 43
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-casti-obce/085057/Cast-obce-Lisnice
- ↑ http://www.zbraslavhistorie.info/uvod-zavod-veteranu-zbraslav-jiloviste.php