Bees (rees)

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Bees
City of Rees
Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ′ 2 ″  N , 6 ° 22 ′ 8 ″  E
Height : 18 m above sea level NN
Area : 8.71 km²
Residents : 884  (Jul 13, 2009)
Population density : 101 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st July 1969
Postal code : 46459
Area code : 02851
Coat of arms of bees

Bees is a district of the city ​​of Rees ( NRW ) on the lower right Lower Rhine . According to the city of Rees, the place had 884 inhabitants as of July 13, 2009.

Municipal area

The community of bees in the Rheinaue behind the Banndeich is characterized by agriculture. From the Bienen Banndeich visitors have a great view of the Bienen Old Rhine, which was built in the 16th century . There are the farming settlements of Grietherbusch and Grietherort , both of which also belong to the district, in the nature reserve .

history

Catholic parish church of St. Cosmas and Damian

Beginnings

Inscription: “From ancient times, benhorst was the burial place of the bones of the slain; for then it was a den of nefarious robbers. This is how bones became the name Beynen (bees). In 903 on the feast of St. Lambertus, the church was consecrated to bees; this in memory. "
  • Bees were first mentioned in a document in 1122, but at that time they already had an eventful history.
  • In 1122, bees are the seat of an estate of the Xanten monastery with an extensive court court. The Archbishop of Cologne had to protect the place from the greed of the Count von Kleve's bailiffs and re-establish the rights of the faithful and bailiffs to protect his own property.

14th Century

Hueth Castle today

Hueth Castle is a moated castle about 1.5 kilometers north of the village of Bienen. Shortly after it was built in 1364 by the Knights of Hekeren (also Heckeren), the medieval complex became a fiefdom of Kurköln ( Offenhaus ). At the end of the 14th or beginning of the 15th century, the former castle came to the von Wylich family , who owned it for more than three centuries. Remodeled into a castle in the 17th century , Hueth was sold to Friedrich Wilhelm von Borcke in the first half of the 18th century due to financial problems . His family redesigned the manor house in the Rococo style . Through marriage and inheritance, Hueth Castle came to the von Wittenhorst-Sonsfeld family in the 19th century , who are still the owners today. Since she uses the buildings, most of which have been destroyed since the Second World War , privately, the facility is not open to the public.

Oldest notarization

Judge's seal from 1435

The oldest known seal of bees is a judge's seal from 1435. This shows today's patron saints Cosmas and Damian with swords and in the middle a pot of ointment (beehive) in the shape of a coat of arms.

16th Century

In the 16th century, bees were plundered by Dutch and subsequently Spanish troops and much was badly damaged. A map of the Rhine (16th century) shows bees with a schematic representation of the church in the midst of several houses and the banndeich.

19th century

The original cadastre from 1820 shows the church as the center of the village, with several buildings directly adjacent to the church square. Between 1820 and 1869 the new route of the later Reichsstraße  8 (today's B 8 ) to Emmerich was built. Before 1820 the connection to Praest and Emmerich ran over the Banndeich.

Office Vrasselt

Since the 19th century, bees belonged to the Vrasselt office together with the municipalities of Vrasselt , Praest , Dornick and Grietherbusch until 1969 and was incorporated into the city of Rees on July 1, 1969 as part of the first municipal reorganization program .

Result of the municipal elections on November 9, 1952: 568 eligible voters with 6 votes each. Valid votes cast: 2123, of which 924 votes for CDU (4 seats), 1199 votes for center (5 seats). Mayor of the municipality of Bienen : Farmer Paul Köster. Deputy: Farmer Theodor Lueb. Council members: Center: Robert Flür (transport company), Hugo Franken (farmer), Hermann Lütke-Glanemann (farmer), Wilhelm Schmitz (farmer); CDU: Heinrich Köster (farmer), Heinrich Jansen (master carpenter), Heinrich Terhardt (bricklayer).

20th / 21st century

Small train Wesel-Rees-Emmerich

The Kleinbahn Wesel – Rees – Emmerich is a historic railway in the former Rees district , which connected the district town of Wesel with the towns of Rees and Emmerich. It ran from November 6, 1914 to December 31, 1966 on mostly its own railway track. In Wesel, the route initially ran for 2 km next to today's B 8 on a separate railway track, then led from place to place along the embankments of the Rhine before finally coming back to the B 8 before Emmerich. In bees themselves, you can still see some power poles of the small railway. During the Second World War, large parts of the line were badly damaged by bombing, and operations on the Rees-Emmerich section were permanently shut down.

House Weegh

House Weegh

The “ Haus Weegh ” was built in 1923/24 by a farmer named Elsing who owns dairy cows and a stallion station. The farmer is the manager of a herd of 100 dairy cows, which belongs to the city of Cologne and was acquired by the mayor of Cologne and later Chancellor Adenauer to supply the Cologne schoolchildren with milk. In 1932 the house was bought by Gerhard Weegh and used by a sausage factory. After 1945 the Wieland weaving mill in Haus Weegh employed 30 women and men on 10 looms. A top trading company follows the weaving mill. In the 1960s the Lüdecke printing company was located in the Weegh house. In addition to the various uses, parts of the house were used as living space. There was space for 5–7 apartments. The nature conservation center in the Kleve district has been located in Haus Weegh since autumn 1994.

The years 1939 to 1945

  • The Rees forced labor camp was east of the Rhine in the then community of Groin, which bordered the city of Rees . The camp was not a prison camp but a labor camp. The prisoners had to do entrenchment work (building defensive positions) there. The location of the camp was a brick factory on Melatenweg in Groin. The area was used as a labor camp from November 1944 to March 23, 1945. A number of prisoners were housed outside the Groiner camp in various halls in the villages of Bienen and Millingen , north of the town of Rees. Two days after the Allies had crossed the Rhine and Bienes was liberated from the National Socialists, numerous forced laborers were freed from work.
  • The Second World War was due to the German resistance in bees in the Rhine crossing of the Allies its sad climax with the heavy fire on 23 March 1945 in which the village was destroyed to 93%. The Weegh house was the only house that remained undamaged, which is why 90 residents and their cattle sought refuge here in the two weeks after the bombardment. The Allies also used the Weegh house as a location for their officers.

The years 1945 to 2000

  • In the state elections on June 27, 1954, 585 people in Bienen were eligible to vote. The number of voters was 511. Of the six candidates to be elected, 212 people elected Willi Pieper, CDU, 105 people Kurt Kräker, SPD, 17 people Egon Ramms, FDP, 145 people Heinrich Boers, center, 4 people Gerhard Tekolf, KPD (Communist Party) and 13 persons Ernst Hoeft, BHE (Association of Expellees and Disenfranchised).
Nature reserve Bienener Altrhein, Millinger Meer and Hurler Meer (May 2018)
  • The nature reserve Bienener Altrhein, Millinger Meer and Hurler Meer is located in the area of ​​the cities of Emmerich am Rhein and Rees. It extends west and east from bees. The nature reserve has existed in its current form since 1996 and has a size of almost 640 hectares. It is part of the Lower Lower Rhine bird sanctuary . The first designation of a sub-area (Bienener Altrhein) for nature protection took place in 1968. It is one of the last Altrhein systems of the Lower Rhine, whose waters are connected to the Rhine via the Dornicker lock, so that high and low water lead to a dynamic that is typical of floodplains. The nutrient-rich still waters are characterized by extensive floating leaf and reed areas, in the bank areas there is small-scale softwood alluvial forest.

21st century (from 2000)

  • Today, the historical ground plan of the place with its typical Streuhof development can be read off, as the reconstruction after the Second World War was largely based on the same locations.

Culture and sights

The name bees

The north entrance of the church to bees bears a Latin inscription. It says that the church was consecrated on the feast of Lambertus (September 17th) in 903. The bones of the slain were once buried in "beenhorst". The meaning for "beenhorst" was a den of bad robbers. Over time the bones became the name "Beenen" (bees). The inscription in the church was only created around 1500. It is nowhere stated whether it is telling the truth. Another interpretation of the name comes from the location designation "Binnen im Sumpfland".

Buildings

Mill mountain

The following buildings are worth seeing in today's municipality:

Hail cross

Hagelkreuz in Westerfeld
Grietherorter Altrhein

According to oral tradition, the hail cross was erected by the citizens "to protect against hail" as early as the 17th century after a severe hail and storm catastrophe. In this context, the hail cross tree, which stands directly behind the hail cross, plays an important role. An excerpt from the meeting of the Bienen municipal council on June 18, 1891 shows: “Point 5: Renewal of the now completely dead cross tree in Westerfeld. The tree is a mark for the longitudinal field and has so far been used to erect an altar under it during the annual procession of the community. "

Nature conservation center in the Kleve district

The nature conservation center in the Kleve district was founded in 1993. The reason was the state's concept of setting up a biological station in each district. The central conviction is that nature conservation can only be practiced with the people in the region. The listed Haus Weegh is the seat of the nature conservation center. The building, located directly on the Bienener Altrhein nature reserve, offers the ideal location for nature conservation work in the Kleve district, for example NSG Grietherorter Altrhein .

societies

  • St. Lambertus Schützenbruderschaft bees 1783 e. V. (annual shooting festival on Pentecost)
  • Volunteer Fire Brigade, Bees Fire Brigade; one of five fire engines in the city of Rees
  • SV Blue-White Bees 1946 e. V .; mainly a football club with several adult, youth and children's teams

Economy and Infrastructure

Rail transport

The closest stops on the double-track , electrified Holland line are

Kleinbahn Wesel-Rees-Emmerich via bees

The Kleinbahn Wesel – Rees – Emmerich is a historic railway in the former Rees district , which connected the district town of Wesel with the towns of Rees and Emmerich. It ran from November 6, 1914 to December 31, 1966 on mostly its own railway track. In Wesel, the route initially ran for 2 km next to today's B 8 on a separate railway track, then led from place to place along the embankments of the Rhine before finally coming back to the B 8 before Emmerich. In bees themselves, you can still see some power poles of the small railway. On the Bienen bike path in the direction of Praest (district of Emmerich) along the B8 to discover some concrete bases. The trains ran every hour from Monday to Saturday between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. and every half an hour on Sundays. They needed around 1 hour 50 minutes for the entire route. In Rees there was a connection to the Rees-Empel small railway since February 28, 1915.

Streets

The federal road 8 connects bees to the trunk road network. Bundesstraße 8 was downgraded from Emmerich to Wesel to Landstraße 7 in the bees area . With the junction Rees / Isselburg there is a motorway access to the A3 .

Personalities

literature

  • Otto Prömel: Bees. Village on still water , in: Heimatkalender Kreis Rees 1955, Emmerich 1954, pp. 54–56.
  • Ruben Thiel / Johannes Gohl / Kai Kempkes / Benedikt Rösen, The situation towards the end of the war in the Rees area. Everyday life in National Socialism . Rees 1983 (107 A4 pages). See above all: Part III: The events surrounding the forced labor camps near Rees towards the end of the war (pp. 68-104).
  • Jan Krist: The Hell of Rees. Memories of a forced labor camp . From the Dutch by Erwin and Marie-Elisabeth Rehn, Labhard, 2nd edition, Konstanz 1989, ISBN 3-926937-19-X
  • Lukas Bergmann: 1944/1945: The forced labor camp in Rees. Between repression and remembering - a little-known Lower Rhine site of injustice and the history of its coming to terms with it in Germany and the Netherlands (= Bachelor thesis at the University of Duisburg-Essen), 2014. Published with the permission of the author on the website of the Dutch Forced Laborers Apeldoorn Foundation .
  • Willy Schlaghecken V. (ed.): Sankt Cosmas and Damian Bienen 900 to 2000 , Bienen 1999.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reeser History Association RESSA 1987 e. V.
  2. ^ SH Terlinden: Rees - quiet city on the broad river , in: District Rees 1974 , Wesel 1973, p. 32ff.
  3. ↑ On the historical importance of bees for the city of Rees and the Lower Rhine region, cf. also: list on the history of Rees
  4. ↑ O. Prömel: Bienen, 1954, p. 54.
  5. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 103 .
  6. ^ Report on the Boers brickworks in the roof tile archive, excerpt from Panneschöpper 1993, pp. 38–61
  7. ↑ January to March 1945: After a raid in The Hague, 500 slave laborers were housed in two event halls.
  8. ↑ Between Jan. 28 and Feb. 12, 1945 there was another branch in the Seegers restaurant with around 300 forced laborers.
  9. ↑ For a short time, forced laborers were housed in Emmerich-Praest and Empel (Rees), where Empel served as an emergency hospital.
  10. ↑ See also: Niederrheinische Verkehrsbetriebe .
  11. ↑ Lukas Bergmann, 1944/1945: The forced labor camp in Rees