Nose (fish)
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Nose ( Chondrostoma nasus ) |
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| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The nose ( Chondrostoma nasus ), also known as Näsling or Schnabel , belongs to the carp family (Cyprinidae). It was named Fish of the Year in Germany in 1994 and 2020 and in Austria in 2003 and 2015 .
features
Noses grow to be 25 to 40 centimeters and weigh up to 1000 grams. More rarely, individual specimens are 50 centimeters tall and 2000 grams heavy. The body is spindle-shaped to rounded, hardly flattened on the sides. The dorsal fin is 12-, the anal fin 13- to 14-rayed. The noses owe their name to their deeply positioned mouth, which makes the tip of the head look like a blunt nose. The gap in the mouth runs across, the lower lip is sharp-edged and horny.
The back is gray-blue to gray-green in color and has a metallic sheen, the sides have a silvery sheen. The belly is yellowish white. The pectoral, ventral and anal fins are yellowish-pink to purple in color.
Occurrence
Noses are typical schooling fish in fast-flowing waters in Central and Eastern Europe with sand and gravel bottoms in the barbel - and grayling - fish region. They are considered the main fish of the Rhine and Danube and are still very common at least in the upper Danube from Donaueschingen to Sigmaringen and in the lower Isar from Plattling to the mouth of the Isar in the Danube, but also downstream in backwaters, such as in the Vienna Danube Canal . The fish can also be found in the Oder and Vistula . Often the nose is also in the lower Neckar between Heidelberg and Mannheim. In Lake Constance and its tributaries there are only isolated occurrences, but efforts are being made to reintroduce them.
nutrition
With their hard lower jaw and sharp lower lip, noses can graze on algae . During the feeding period, the noses often flock to other grazing places. They also eat small animals that are on the bottom less often.
Reproduction
During the spawning season , from March to May, the noses move upstream in large swarms or penetrate into suitable tributaries. Both sexes then show a spawning rash in the form of star-shaped points on the head. The Rogner (females) also get a reddish shimmering belly and can stick 20,000 to 100,000 1.5 millimeter eggs over flat ground to the gravel during violent spawning games. Then the old fish migrate back to their territory .
The larvae spend the first days after hatching in the gaps in the gravel. Later they switch to calm shallow waters and feed on plankton .
Hazard and protection
In some places noses are extremely threatened, in other places even as extinct. One of the reasons for the decline of this former mass fish species is above all the building up of flowing waters . This destroys many spawning grounds and prevents spawning migrations. Noses also suffer greatly from anthropogenic water pollution .
In order to protect stocks in Germany, there are legal limits and seasons for catching noses . Since fishing law is a matter for the federal states, the regulations are different in each federal state. The closed season is usually roughly identical to the spawning season; the closed season is usually in the range of 25 to 30 cm.
In Switzerland, the nose has been protected all year round since January 1st, 2007 and is no longer allowed to be caught.
Economy
The fish is usually caught on the float rod with small worms or sprockets ( caddis fly larvae or their replicas) . Alternatively, this fish is caught in large streams with heavy feeders on the bottom. Since it is very boneless and not very tasty, it is rarely offered in stores.
Others
The nose was fish of the year 1994 and 2020 in Germany and fish of the year 2003 and 2015 in Austria . In Basel , until the end of the 19th century, it was part of a tradition that consisted of selling fish every year on April 17th in the nearby hamlet of St To eat Jakob an der Birs and to drink the local red wine Swiss blood.
literature
- Wolfgang Hartmann: A Main fish called Nase. In: Spessart. Volume 12, Aschaffenburg 1993, pp. 14-16.
- Guido Koslowski: The artificial spawning, spawning incubation and larval rearing of noses (Chondrostoma nasus L.). Munich 1993 (dissertation).
- Klaus-Jürgen Maier, Ralf Reinartz: The nose. Westarp, Magdeburg 1997, ISBN 3-89432-879-7 ( Die neue Brehm-Bücherei. Vol. 645).
Web links
- Nose (fish) on Fishbase.org (English)
- Chondrostoma nasus inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Endangered Species . Posted by: J. Freyhof, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
- Description and photo Pisci Page
- Nose program in Upper Bavaria
- Fish of the year 1994: The nose Notes on the hazard from the Association for Fisheries and Water Protection in Baden-Württemberg e. V.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Overview "Fish of the Year" in Germany. German Fishing Association, accessed on February 26, 2018 .
- ↑ Overview "Fish of the Year" in Austria. Austrian Board of Trustees for Fisheries and Water Protection, accessed on February 26, 2018 .
- ↑ Liechtensteiner Vaterland , April 19, 2017, p. 5.
Brook Loach (1984) | Bitterling (1985) | Schneider (1986) | European mud lamb (1987) | Brook lamprey , river lamprey (1988) | Bullhead (1989) | Brown trout (1990) | Minnow (1991) | Atlantic salmon (1992) | Cod (1993) | Nose (1994) | European eel (1995) | Sea trout (1996) | European grayling (1997) | Strömer (1998) | North Sea Bill † (1999) | Atlantic salmon (2000) | European sturgeon (2001) | Burbot (2002) | Barbel (2003) | Allis shad (2004) | Brown Trout (2005) | Bullhead (2006) | Tench (2007) | Bitterling (2008) | European eel (2009) | Crucian carp (2010) | Grayling (2011) | Lamprey (2012) | Trout (2013) | European sturgeon (2014) | Huchen (2015) | Pike (2016) | Flounder (2017) | Three-spined stickleback (2018) | Atlantic salmon (2019)
European grayling (2002) | Nose (2003) | Aland (2004) | Arctic char (2005) | Koppe (2006) | Tench (2007) | Bitterling (2008) | Eel (2009) | Crucian carp (2010) | European grayling (2011) | Huchen (2012) | Lake trout (2013) | Sterlet (2014) | Nose (2015) | Minnow (2016) | Arctic char (2017) | European catfish (2018) | Noble Cancer (2019)